Introduction: These two historical events are famous events in the history of the Ming Dynasty, the former caused the prosperity and decline of the Ming Dynasty compared with the Anshi Rebellion; the latter made zhu Qiyu, the ming emperor who was more talented, imprisoned to death, becoming the only emperor who did not bury the ancestral tomb of the Ming Tombs after the Ming Dynasty moved the capital. During the tumubao rebellion, Emperor Yingzong of Ming was captured, and for the sake of the inheritance of Daming Jiangshan, Empress Sun and Yu Qian and others supported emperor Zhu Qiyu of the Ming Dynasty to ascend the throne. After the new emperor ascended the throne, he won the battle to defend the capital and avoided a situation similar to the change of Jing Kang and the fall of the country in the first world war. The ming emperors have always had an orderly inheritance, and only in the change of the door did the only time there was a repetition of the imperial succession. Emperor Mingying's Zhu Qizhen, who had also been captured first, regained the throne and massacred emperor's ministers. The change of the gate not only caused the second turmoil of Daming, but also caused the second talent gap of Daming after the change of Tumu Fort.
Let's first explain that compared with the brothers of Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen and Emperor Zhu Qiyu of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Qiyu's talent and martial arts are far greater than those of Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen. In the eighth year of Changtai, just because Zhu Qiyu had no heirs, Empress Sun acquiesced in a coup d'état to help Zhu Qizhen regain the throne. Xiaobian personally believes that this is definitely a selfish decision, and it is not a good thing for the Ming Dynasty. Although the rebels launched a coup d'état in the name of the imperial heir and for the sake of the inheritance of the Ming Dynasty, it still could not change the selfish original intention of Shi Heng and others in order to seek glory and wealth. Because without the imperial heir, you can't inherit the country? How many times in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the succession of the throne was not the heir chosen from the clan in the case of the emperor's succession? Therefore, it is still the selfish intentions of Empress Sun and Shi Heng and others.
Of course, we are not saying that Emperor Zhu Qiyu did the right thing, and what he did was also a bit excessive. When Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen returned to China, he was imprisoned by his brother in the Nangong Palace and placed under house arrest for seven years under the strict supervision of Jinyiwei. Not only that, Emperor Daizong Zhu Qiyu deposed the crown prince Zhu Jianshen (朱祁镇), who was created by the crown prince Sun Empress Dowager, and installed his own son as crown prince. In fact, when Empress Sun made Zhu Qiyu emperor at that time, she should not have made Zhu Qizhen's son the crown prince, which had already destroyed the way in which the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty was orderly inherited. If you want to let go, let go completely, and set up a concubine for the emperor and a grandson as a prince. This is artificially creating chaos, can it be that the family occupies the position of emperor for Zhu Qizhen to keep? Obviously, there is no such reason, and it also lays the groundwork for the change of the door in the future.
Empress Dowager Sun's wise and wise empress dowager after the tumu fort was chosen to appoint a new emperor, Zhu Qiyu, and a crown prince
The change of Tumu Fort was the result of Emperor Mingying's favored eunuch Wang Zhen, who was a faint emperor who took the state affairs seriously. Under the strong opposition of the ministers, Emperor Mingying still planned to personally march under the deception of Wang Zhen. As a result, the 200,000 elites of the Ming Dynasty in the First Battle of Tumu Fort were swept away, and the defeat was really a nest. Due to Emperor Yingzong's stupid command of Emperor Yingzong, Zhu Yong the Duke of Chengguo, Shangshu Kuang of bingbu, and Shang Shu of Hubu, and King Zuo Zhongchen of Hubu were killed in battle, the three elite battalions of Daming (including the Shenji battalion) were swept away. The offensive and defensive posture between Daming and Mongolia was reversed, and Daming had a boom and a decline. It can be said that one general is incompetent and exhausts thousands of troops.
He also captured Zhu Qizhen first, and then planned to use Zhu Qizhen as bait to threaten the safety of the capital. Under these circumstances, Empress Sun made her second son Zhu Qiyu the new emperor and Zhu Jianshen the crown prince (Zhu Qizhen's son). At the same time, Zhu Qizhen was honored as the Emperor Taishang, and explicitly refused the threat of Ye Xian. Then there was the victory of the defense of the capital led by Yu Qian, and the Ming Dynasty avoided the Ming Dynasty's version of jingkang and successfully survived the crisis.
However, Empress Sun was obviously eccentric, and although in an emergency she made her son Zhu Qiyu emperor, she made Zhu Jianshen (Zhu Qizhen's son) crown prince. Obviously, this is to let Zhu Qiyu be a substitute, and then pass on the throne back after a hundred years. But she made the big mistake of not testing human nature with imperial power. The throne of the emperor is supreme, can you give up once you taste it? Therefore, Empress Sun's selfish consideration (Zhu Qizhen is her own son, Zhu Qiyu is not), laying the groundwork for the change of the door eight years later.
After Zhu Qizhen returned to China, the undercurrent surged and eventually led to the change of the door
Also foreshadowing that Daming did not yield and also established a new jun, Zhu Qizhen in his hand was almost useless. It is better to put it back to Daming to find some trouble, and the result is a reproach. When Ming Yingzong returned from his expedition to Mongolia a year ago, he was already the Emperor Taishang, and we cannot infer the embarrassing scene after the two emperors met. But it must be very embarrassing, the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Qiyu, who had changed his name to Yuan Changtai, had already keenly felt the threat to the imperial throne from the return of his brother, so he took two measures. One was to put his brother under house arrest in the Nangong for seven years; the other was to depose the crown prince Zhu Jianshen (nephew) and make his own son the crown prince.
Therefore, people are selfish, and not everyone can give up the imperial throne like Tang Ruizong Li Dan. It should be explained that Emperor Daizong Zhu Qiyu's approach was only a loss of private morality, but it was not vicious (if it was really vicious, there would be no later change in the killing of Zhu Qizhen directly). Moreover, the talent displayed by Zhu Qiyu in the course of his eight years of reign was far beyond That of Zhu Qizhen, so if Zhu Qiyu could continue the throne, it would be good for Daming. Since the change of Tumu Fort, the talent withered away, and after eight years of governance, Daming finally initially recovered its vitality.
In the eighth year of Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu fell seriously ill, and due to the early death of the crown prince, he temporarily had no heir. Therefore, the crown prince Shi Heng, for his own wealth, joined forces with Zhang Jing, Xu Youzhen, and the eunuch Cao Jixiang to plot a rebellion to restore Zhu Qizhen. This plan actually passed the approval of Empress Sun (she did not want to think that if the coup failed, it would be another upheaval). "Shi Heng plotted to seize the door, first secretly bai yu the empress, Xu Zhi", Sun Shi resolutely supported the "change of seizing the door" with the respect of the empress dowager. Therefore, on the sixteenth day of the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai, he led a thousand private soldiers and supported the restoration of Zhu Qi Town. The strange thing is that everything went well and terriblely, and there was no resistance. Subsequently, in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhu Qiyu was imprisoned and died shortly thereafter. After Zhu Qiyu's death, he was nicknamed Jiao, which was hated by many people. Emperor Daizong was also not buried in the royal mausoleum Shouling, which had been repaired long ago, but buried Jinshan and concubines all buried with princely etiquette.
Poor Emperor Daizong's bingbu Shangshu Yuqian and the official Shangshu Wang Wen beheaded for plotting rebellion and raided their homes, which shows how strong Emperor Mingying's revenge was. Eight years ago, the change of Tumu Fort, Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen was ashamed of the ancestors of Daming, and even had the face to launch a change to seize the door and kill Yu Qian and other able ministers. Eight years after the change of Tumu Fort caused daming's talent gap, the slaughter of heroes again caused another lack of talent.
brief summary:
To sum up, Xiaobian personally thinks that Empress Sun is not as great as everyone thinks. It can be said that She also lost Xiao He, because the severe situation of the change of her tumu fort was eliminated; but it was also because she led to the change of the door eight years later, which caused another great turmoil in the Ming Dynasty.
I am the emperor of history, welcome your attention; if there is a flaw, the axe is right.