The change of Tumu Fort has put the efforts of several generations of emperors of the Ming Dynasty to the ground, and the combat effectiveness of the entire Ming Dynasty has not returned to before. Zhu Qizhen also became another emperor after Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song who was captured by the enemy.
Zhu Qizhen reigned for only 21 years, and he sent hundreds of thousands of heads with the change of Tumu Fort, which seriously injured the vitality of the Ming Dynasty.
Later generations commented that Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen was a loser, and even thought that Zhu Qizhen was sorry for the nickname "Yingzong".
How much influence did the Tumubao change have on the Ming Dynasty? What exactly did Zhu Qizhen do when he was emperor that made future generations have a very low evaluation of him?
First, the change of the civil fort
The shame of Jing Kang nailed the father and son emperors, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, to the pillar of shame of history. The Jin army drove straight in to capture Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong alive.
As the Song Dynasty ceded Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, the natural fortress was gone, and the Central Plains were directly exposed to the iron hooves of the nomadic peoples in the north. This is also the reason why the Song Dynasty is also known as the Weak Song.
The most humiliating part of Jing Kang's shame was that the emperor was taken captive by the Jin army, and fortunately the famous general Yue Fei led his generals to defeat the Jin army and retreated to welcome back the Second Emperor of Qinzong and Huizong.
In addition to these two emperors,
There is also another emperor in history who was taken captive by the enemy because of his failure in battle. This emperor was Zhu Qizhen, the "loser son" of the Ming Dynasty.
There are very similarities between the shame of Jingkang and the change of Tumu Fort. In 1449, Emperor Mingying led zhu qizhen to lead hundreds of thousands of troops to fight against Wallachia.
The reason why Zhuqi Town was called a loser of the Ming Dynasty in this place of Tumu Fort was because the change of Tumu Fort shook the foundation of the country.
Tumubao Village is located in present-day Huailai County, Hebei Province, at the location of a fortress. In order to show his ability, Zhu Qizhen personally led his soldiers out of the nest.
In this battle, in addition to the soldiers, nearly 1/3 of the ming dynasty's meritorious aristocratic generals were killed and wounded.
1/3 of the people who lead the army to fight die, even if the strength of the troops is strong, it will weaken the combat effectiveness a lot. However, the total casualties in this battle were nearly 300,000.
Xining Hou, Wu Jinbo, Pingxiang Bo... Both died in battles related to the earth fort. All 50,000 soldiers led by Cheng Guogong in the Battle of Harrier Ridge were annihilated.
In addition to the heavy casualties of the generals who led the troops to fight, the three battalions of the Beijing Division, which were painstakingly established by Zhu Zhanji, from the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to Zhu Qizhen's father, were also destroyed.
The three battalions of the Beijing Division were the ace troops of the Ming Empire at that time.
Successive emperors before Zhu Qizhen attached great importance to the three major battalions of the Beijing Division.
Unless it is absolutely necessary to send the three battalions of the Beijing Division to fight, however, Zhu Qizhen's imperial conquest caused the Ming Dynasty's military strength to be reduced by more than half.
The emperor who ascended the throne at the age of two or nine
Compared with the emperors of Qin II and the Sui Dynasty, who only cared about their own food and drink, Zhu Qizhen looked like a good emperor, at least a royal conquest.
However, Zhu Qizhen's ability could not support ambition, and its destructive power was even stronger than that of Qin II and The Sui Emperor.
Zhu Qizhen was the sixth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, look at the emperors in front of him—
Zhu Yuanzhang, who founded the Ming Dynasty, brought the ming dynasty's national strength to the peak, Zhu Di, zhu Zhanji, the father of Zhu Qizhen, although he could not be said to be a hero and a great strategy, at least not like Zhu Qizhen, a loser.
After the death of Zhu Qizhen's father, Zhu Zhanji, who was only 9 years old, ascended the throne as emperor.
Sun Guifei, who raised Zhu Qizhen, became empress dowager. Seeing that Zhu Qizhen was young, some ministers began to stir.
The three most famous auxiliary ministers are all surnamed Yang, so they are called "Three Yangs." ”
The grandmother of Zhu Qizhen in childhood did not kiss her uncle and did not love, and there are two theories about who Zhu Qizhen's mother is. There is a theory that Empress Sun was born, and another theory is that Zhu Zhanji had Zhu Qizhen after spoiling a palace girl.
Because the palace women were too low-born, according to the concept of ancient emperors, they all went to the mother to keep their children.
At that time, Sun Guifei was very favored, and Zhu Zhanji asked Sun Guifei to raise Zhu Qizhen
。
Because of this experience, Zhu Qizhen was insecure since he was a child, and he had to deal with major state affairs when he ascended the throne at the age of nine.
At this time, there was a person who came to Zhu Qizhen's side, and he was Wang Zhen. Wang Zhen had a great influence on Zhu Qizhen.
Wang Zhen was a teacher before entering the palace as a eunuch. However, due to the compulsion of life, he finally entered the palace and became a eunuch.
Literate people were very rare at that time, not to mention eunuchs who could read, and Wang Zhen was even rarer.
Wang Zhen also attaches great importance to Zhu Qizhen's education, after all, there are still teacher genes in his bones, and Zhu Qizhen is also very dependent on Wang Zhen.
When Zhu Qizhen became emperor again, many people demanded that Wang Zhen be executed, but Zhu Qizhen still spoke for Wang Zhen
。 Zhu Qizhen was also a sentient and righteous person in this way, but the emperor who ended his career as a prisoner of war attacked a loyal subject.
3. Kill Yu Qian
Accompanied by Wang Zhen, Zhu Qizhen gradually grew up and became more and more powerful, and finally held the power in his hands.
At that time, the Ming Dynasty was already in crisis, especially the rise of the Walla threatened the security of the Ming Dynasty at all times. The 23-year-old Zhu Qizhen had been emperor for 14 years, and he felt that his wings were full, so he planned to march in person.
In the Battle of Tumu Fort, Zhu Qizhen did not expect that the Ming army, which looked strong and strong, would be so vulnerable. Zhu Qizhen sent hundreds of thousands of heads to the other side,
The elite troops were completely damaged, the Ming Dynasty never regained its former combat effectiveness, and Zhu Qizhen was also captured by the enemy army. At that time, the hundreds of thousands of troops led by Zhu Qi town led to the emptiness of the capital guards.
Watching the emperor being captured, only the capital city, which symbolizes the Ming Dynasty, is left, and if the capital is lost, then the Ming Dynasty has truly come to an end.
At this time, a person stood up, he was Yu Qian. He joined forces with his ministers to push Zhu Qizhen's younger brother Zhu Qiyu out to become emperor.
Subsequently, Yu Qian used all his strength to gather 200,000 troops and garrisoned nine city gates.
At this time, the Wallachian army had already reached the vicinity of the capital, and it was about to break through the city gates, and Yu Qian personally commanded and finally defended the capital.
After seeing that the capital was calm again, Zhu Qiyu stabilized the situation in the DPRK and China with the assistance of Yu Qian, and the Ming Dynasty gradually recovered. One
After a few years, Zhu Qizhen returned to the capital, and at that time, in order to save the royal face, it was announced that Zhu Qizhen had gone to "hunt".
Zhu Qiyu, who had already sat on the emperor's throne, naturally refused to hand over his power easily. At this time, the loser Zhu Qizhen showed extraordinary endurance, and later, Zhu Qiyu fell seriously ill, and Zhu Qizhen regained the throne
。 Zhu Qizhen's first job was to eradicate dissidents, and Yu Qian, who was trying to turn the tide, was killed by Zhu Qizhen, which also became a lingering stain on Zhu Qizhen.
summary:
Because of the change of Tumu Fort and the killing of Yu Qian, Zhu Qizhen was spurned by posterity. Zhu Qizhen really wanted to be a good emperor, but he did not recognize his own ability.
Man's ability to support his own ambitions is very destructive, let alone an emperor.
And one of the most famous things in Zhu Qizhen is that after becoming emperor, he made the elderly palace girl who had accompanied him for many years an empress, and he did not abandon it.
After he became emperor again, he defended Wang Zhen very much. Zhu Qizhen was not a good emperor, but a good man for the empress and Wang Zhen.