From "Colorful Book Complaints", Guan Wan'er's talent is observed
I believe that when it comes to ancient feudal society, many people's first impression will be "men's world". In the "Three Principles and Five Constants" and "Three From Four Virtues" and so on, there are many
Under the influence of feudal ideas and ritualism. Women living in feudal society not only had no status, but they were only "appendages" to men.
But the ancient woman I want to talk about today is not only beautiful but also quite talented. In the history of the Tang Dynasty, if you want to find two famous women, I believe that in addition to a generation of empress Wu Zetian, it should be Shangguan Wan'er, who is known as the "Prime Minister of the Towel".
There are many anecdotes about Shangguan Wan'er in history, which also shows that her exposure in the early Tang Dynasty was particularly high. According to the historical records, Shangguan Wan'er was the granddaughter of Zhongshu Ling Shangguanyi during the Tang Dynasty. Her grandfather was already in a high position during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, and her father was Shangguan Tingzhi, a yellow door attendant.
If the Shangguan family is still very prominent after several generations of pushing upwards, Shangguan Wan'er once claimed that she was a descendant of Shangguan Jie, the Marquis of Anyang in the Western Han Dynasty. His great-grandfather and great-grandfather held important official positions in both the Northern Zhou And Sui Dynasties.
From this point of view, it is not unusual to analyze Shangguan Wan'er, who was born in a famous family, in the Tang Dynasty and Chinese history, to become a well-known "strong woman".
Looking at Shangguan Wan'er's life, it can be said that it is a typical case of "high driving and low walking". Born in a famous family, favored by Wu Zetian, he was once a concubine of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang and had a deep literary attainment, and was finally killed because of the "Tang Long Change". Although her life was fixed at the age of forty-six, she lived a look that many people envied to the extreme.
Born in a famous family, prominent in Wu Zhou
1. Shape the atmospheric poetic style after the famous door
When many people mention Shangguan Wan'er and her ups and downs in life, they can't help but sigh. As a generation of women in ancient society, Shangguan Wan'er was able to hold important positions in the Tang Dynasty with her own talents and learn, and broke through her own world in the poetry circle of the Tang Dynasty, and I have to say that this woman with both talent and appearance does have admirable superiority.
Shangguan Wan'er's great-grandfather, Shangguan Hong, served as the deputy superintendent of Jiangdu Palace during the Sui Dynasty. However, when the Sui Emperor was killed, he and his son were also beheaded.
But this did not affect the influence of the Shangguan family after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. The profound family history and the family style of both culture and martial arts have laid a solid foundation for Shangguan Wan'er's road to fame.
In particular, his grandfather Shangguan Yi was the official to the position of prime minister during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, which not only enhanced the influence of the Shangguan family in the politics of the Tang Dynasty, but also laid the groundwork for Shangguan Wan'er to enter the palace.
If Shangguan Wan'er was just a woman from an ordinary family, I believe that even if she had a thousand talents and all kinds of tenderness, she would not be able to contact the Tang Dynasty royal family at all.
According to the historical records, when Shangguan Wan'er was a child, she was "wise and good at writing, and XiaoDa was an official." Smart and intelligent, talented."
You can imagine, if Shangguan Wan'er's family lineage is not prominent, how can she read poetry and books since childhood and become a talented woman?
Therefore, on the road to fame of Shangguan Wan'er, being born in a famous door has played a very key role. From Shangguan Wan'er's poetry works, it is not difficult to find that gorgeous words and magnificent atmosphere are the main styles of her poetry works.
Although there are also some works in her poetry, the genre of resentment in the boudoir, this cannot hide her demeanor of "the prime minister".
2. Suddenly changed and the court became a slave
"The sky has unpredictable storms, and people have bad luck", this sentence is very appropriate to Put on Shangguan Wan'er's body. In the first year of Lin De's reign, his grandfather Shangguan Yi once drafted the "Edict of Abolition of Martial Arts" for Emperor Gaozong of Tang.
After Wu Zetian captured the Tang Dynasty, a resentful empress dowager beheaded Shangguan Yi and her son Shangguan Tingzhi.
This is a very important turning point for the Shangguan family, from the once famous and prestigious family and the family of officials and eunuchs, after encountering a political mutation, it is like collapsing the building in an instant. As the saying goes, "blessings and misfortunes depend on each other, and misfortunes and blessings follow each other." At this time, Shangguan Wan'er, who had just come to the world, was matched with her mother Zheng Shi.)
However, during the period when The Court was enslaved, Shangguan Wan'er's mother was not depressed. Under her meticulous cultivation, Shangguan Wan'er, who is exceptionally intelligent, can not only read poetry books but also recite poems against her. "Minghui Shanwen, Xiaoda Official" is the best evaluation of Shangguan Wan'er at this time.
In fact, the period of "tying as a slave" was also a critical stage for Shangguan Wan'er to prepare for the momentum. Shangguan Wan'er was made a talented person by Wu Zetian when she was fourteen years old, and in 677, the second year of Wu ZhouYifeng, the then Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, summoned Shangguan Wan'er, who was only fourteen years old.
In order to test Shangguan Wan'er's talent and learn from reality, Wu Zetian ordered people to test her on the spot. What is amazing is that this fourteen-year-old girl can actually do it without adding a little bit. Moreover, his articles are not only semantically smooth, but also use flowery rhetoric and quotations.
After wu Zetian read Shangguan Wan'er's article, he immediately decided to exempt her from slave status and put her in charge of the edicts in the palace. This not only reflects the personal character of Wu Zetian who cherishes talent and loves talent, but also reflects the historical fact that Shangguan Wan'er really has real talent and practical learning.
3. The social factors behind Shangguan Wan'er's poetic achievements
The Tang Dynasty was one of the few powerful countries in China's history that integrated politics, military, economy and culture. During the Tang Dynasty, when the comprehensive national strength was relatively strong, people's thoughts and behaviors were relatively open. Under the influence of many factors, the Tang Dynasty became the dynasty with the highest status of women.
This recognition of women's status is a top-down act, whether it is a concubine living in the inner courtyard of the Tang Dynasty imperial palace or an ordinary woman living in the city. In the Tang Dynasty, especially during the Tang Dynasty and the Prosperous Tang Dynasty, the status of women reached an incomparable level.
This is actually the key factor why Shangguan Wan'er was able to occupy an important position and become a famous talented woman and a great poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Shangguan Wan'er wrote countless poems in her lifetime, but only thirty-two poems remained after her death. This has to be said to be a major loss in the cultural history of the Tang Dynasty.
Shangguan Wan'er's poetic style and characteristics
1. Shangguan Wan'er's poetic style and contributions
Shangguan Wan'er was able to stand out among many Tang Dynasty poets, in addition to her own prominent family lineage and premature experience of life. In fact, the most important reason is that her poetic style can be unique. Coupled with the relatively high status of women during the Tang Dynasty, it was only in her that she could shine in the poetry circle of the Tang Dynasty.
In the creation of poetry, Shangguan Wan'er not only borrowed the form and technique of "Shangguan style". At the same time, through her personal talent, she also further developed the poetry of "Shangguan Style". Among them, the more typical is that the subject matter of poetry is wider, and more attention is paid to style and temperament in lyricism.
This not only surpasses the court poems made by the previous poets, but also exerts the spiritual and artistic value of the palace poems "singing merits and praising virtues, and being wrong and charming". It is no exaggeration to say that Shangguan Wan'er's poetry not only made important contributions to the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty, but also pushed Tang poetry to the peak of perfection.
2. The love vision in "Colored Book Complaint"
Among Shangguan Wan'er's many poems, there is a poem called "Cai Shu Wei", which not only represents her poetic style and poetic achievements, but also writes about the pursuit of love by women during the Tang Dynasty. Although this poem is only forty words short, it vividly expresses the love of lovesickness.
"At the beginning of the Yexia Cave Court, Sijun Wanli remained. The dew incense was cold, and the moon fell on the screen. Want to play Jiangnan qu, covet the Jibei Book. There is no other intention in the book, but I have been away for a long time."
This poem was written in the early Tang Dynasty, because Shangguan Wan'er was trapped in the imperial palace all her life, so even when she reached the age of waiting for the word, she could not enjoy the marriage happiness of ordinary women.
Although she was deeply favored by Empress Wu Zetian, she could not soothe her inner yearning for love and the fluctuating feelings. In the deep palace compound of the Tang Dynasty, Shangguan Wan'er was only one of the three thousand beauties in the harem, so that she could have a prosperous and rich life, and also get the position she wanted politically.
But how can these external things replace her yearning for love? Although in 705 AD, that is, the first year of the Shenlong Dynasty, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang successfully restored through the Shenlong Coup and favored Shangguan Wan'er. When she was in love, she worshipped him as Zhaorong, and she became a concubine of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang.
But in ancient feudal society, how could the emperor, as the "Son of Heaven", favor her? In this situation, although Shangguan Wan'er and Tang Zhongzong had a good time.
But in the end, it is "since ancient times, kings are all thin and lucky, and the most ruthless imperial family." Even such a talented woman who fell in love with the country and the city could only end up emptying the boudoir to complain to herself.
The poem "Colored Book Complaint" was created in this historical situation. This poem not only pins on Shangguan Wan'er' longing for Tang Zhongzong. At the same time, from Shangguan Wan'er's own experience, from this and that, she thought of the resentment of the woman who was deeply missing her husband.
"At the beginning of the Dongting under the leaves, thinking of the king for thousands of miles", the autumn leaves on the shore of Dongting Lake have just fallen, and the female poet Shangguan Wan'er has begun, thinking of her lover who is thousands of miles away. In fact, in ancient times, people expressed feelings of sadness or longing, often with autumn or falling leaves as the background.
"Dew is cold" Although it has just entered the early autumn, the dew has begun to increase. The poet slept in the cold quilt and felt particularly cold. This sentence is actually written that when the poet is alone, he not only misses the lover more, but also hopes to be able to fly with the lover.
The moonlight sprinkled on the colorful jinping is not only particularly cold but also reflects the poet's loneliness. "If you want to play Jiangnan qu, covet the Jibei Book", I want to play a Jiangnan song, but what I prefer to do is to write a letter to you who are far away in Jibei.
"There is no other meaning in the book, but I have been away for a long time", this letter actually has no theme, the main content is the sadness of living alone. The poet suddenly remembered his lover, and wanted to express his thoughts in the form of letters. If you look at the overall meaning of this poem, it is actually written about the desolation of staying alone in an empty house, and the thought of a lover who is thousands of miles away.
Shangguan Wan'er is actually a strange woman in ancient Chinese history, and her experience has always revolved around politics and poetry. This has a lot to do with his poetry and books when he was young and his ups and downs. From Shangguan Wan'er's poems, we can clearly understand herself and the artistic characteristics of her poetry.
According to the law of historical development, such a wonderful person who can sing and dance and dance and ink in literature can actually shine in the Tang Dynasty. In fact, this mainly has a lot to do with the social atmosphere at that time. Shangguan Wan'er's life is actually a condensed destiny of the Tang Dynasty.
Although she appeared in the government and the public and was famous in the poetry circles of the Tang Dynasty, as a daughter, in fact, what she wanted most was not an official position and a poetry name. In the Chinese poems created by Shangguan Wan'er, in fact, she vividly expresses her yearning for love and the exploration of the value of life.
According to the records of Shangguan Wan'er in the history books, in fact, we can completely summarize her life characteristics of "success in politics and defeat in politics". In 710 AD, the fourth year of Jinglong, a generation of "goddesses" with excellent poetry and literature, Shangguan Wan'er was killed by Li Longji, the Emperor of Tang Ming.
References: Luo Shijin, Li Ling, "The Myth of Feminist Literature in the Tang Dynasty--Shangguan Wan'er's Court Poetry Creation and Its Literary Historical Status"
Su Zhicong," "The Brilliant Shangguan Wan'er" Li Haiyan," "Shangguan Wan'er and the End of the Court Poetry of the Early Tang Dynasty"
Li Yipeng, "Shangguan Wan'er and the Literary Circle of Zhongzong"