The incidence of diabetes is rising day by day, becoming one of the most troubled diseases of modern people. Although diabetics can bring various discomforts, do not be afraid, there are many ways to help diabetics live a healthy life, let's take a look at it together.
1. What is diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that causes a series of syndromes such as abnormal insulin metabolism, that is, insufficient insulin secretion, which in turn causes a series of syndromes such as sugar, fat and protein metabolism disorders. The main manifestations are elevated blood glucose, increased urine glucose, and various acute or chronic complications.
Diabetes mellitus is mainly divided into insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus and insulin-independent (type 2) diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes mellitus is mainly affected by genetic and environmental factors, the cause of the onset of immune system disorders caused by islet β cell inactivation, so such patients are usually adolescents. Type 2 diabetes is affected by a variety of factors, including age, obesity, genetics, environment, etc., so young and middle-aged people and the elderly are the main onset population.
There are several common causes of diabetes: Genetic factors: Previous studies have found that genetic defects are the basis for the onset of type 1 diabetes, and most patients with diabetes have a related family history. In recent years, scientific studies have examined people in 140,000 different regions and found 38 pathogenic genes associated with type 2 diabetes.
Obesity factors: Obesity is one of the important factors that cause diabetes, with 60% to 80% of adult patients being obese before the onset of the disease. Fat in the body increases, the number of insulin on the surface of fat cells decreases, as well as a decrease in insulin sensitivity, which eventually leads to diabetes.
A variety of bad habits in daily life, such as high-calorie, high-fat, low-carbohydrate eating habits, lack of exercise, long-term staying up late, etc. will cause and aggravate obesity, which in turn will lead to the occurrence of diabetes.
Age factor: Most people with type 2 diabetes are over 30 years of age. However, with the development of the economy, under the action of various factors, diabetes is gradually becoming younger.
Mental factors: In the past ten years, Chinese and foreign scholars have confirmed the role of mental factors in the occurrence and development of this disease, accompanied by mental tension, emotional agitation and various stresses, which will lead to the crazy secretion of hormones such as growth hormone, norepinephrine, glucamin and adrenocortical hormones that will lead to increased blood sugar, such as growth hormone, which is bound to cause endocrine disorders and then cause diabetes.
Other factors: severe trauma, surgery, childbirth, infection, etc. are important causes of diabetes.
2. The harm of diabetes
The harm of diabetes to the human body mainly depends on the degree of control of blood glucose, in general, the continuous control of blood glucose within the normal range generally does not cause a variety of serious complications, patients can also work and live normally, but poor blood sugar control, it may cause the following hazards: cause islet failure: the body is in a long-term high blood sugar state will make islet B cells toxic, when it acts on the islet will cause corresponding dysfunction, which in turn leads to serious insulin secretion, aggravating the patient's condition.
Cause dehydration: Hyperglycemia will cause glucose in the body to be excreted with urine, etc., causing osmotic diuresis, and eventually causing the patient to appear dehydrated. This state is extremely dangerous, which can cause a large amount of dehydration of human brain cells and cause brain dysfunction and mental disorders.
Reduced resistance: If the amount of glucose in the blood is higher than normal for a long time, it will make the glucose unable to be successfully broken down and absorbed by the body, and the body can only rely on the consumption of protein and fat to provide energy for life activities. This leads to extreme wasting, anemia, and immune deficiency.
Causes electrolyte disturbances: We all know that polyuria is one of the typical symptoms of diabetics. Urine takes away a large amount of electrolytes, resulting in imbalance of electrolytes in the body, coupled with the body's large number of fats to provide energy, which leads to the production of ketone bodies, which in turn causes "diabetic ketoacidosis".
Complications: Complications are the main cause of aggravating the condition of diabetics and even leading to death in diabetics. Common chronic complications include retinopathy (glaucoma, cataracts), kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy), respiratory tract and other infections, cerebrovascular disease (stroke, dementia), etc., while acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolarity, diabetic lactateosis, etc.
Increase the burden on patients and affect the quality of life of patients: The occurrence of multiple complications may cause disabilities to patients, bring burdens to the patient's economy, bring a heavy blow to the patient's spirit, and seriously affect the quality of life of patients.
3. What matters do diabetics need to pay attention to?
Reasonable diet: First of all, control total calories to maintain a normal body fat index and prevent excessive obesity. When choosing foods containing carbohydrates, you can choose to absorb more slowly multisaccharide foods, such as corn, sweet potatoes, oats, buckwheat, etc.; if you eat a certain amount of rhizome foods with more starch, such as lotus root, potatoes, you need to appropriately reduce the intake of staple foods;
The second is to control the intake of fat and cholesterol to avoid atherosclerotic lesions in the blood vessels. Specifically, the total daily intake of cholesterol does not exceed 300 mg, the intake of fat can be 0.6 ~ 1.0 g per kilogram of body mass, and try to avoid eating saturated fatty acids, such as butter, lard, cream, etc.;
Finally, high-quality protein is selected to ensure that the protein supply is sufficient. Protein intake should account for 10% of total energy, and you can eat more foods such as soybeans, fish, shrimp and lean meats.
Appropriate supplementation of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber can lower blood sugar, lower blood lipids and improve glucose tolerance, foods rich in dietary fiber are pumpkin, rice bran, corn flakes and so on. Appropriate vitamin supplementation can improve the lesions of blood vessels and nerves in diabetic patients, so it is necessary to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. The mineral zinc can be involved in the synthesis of insulin, and foods containing such elements include nuts, red meat, shellfish and so on.
Do a good job of warm measures: protect the feet and other places, to avoid the occurrence of serious complications such as diabetic feet, patients need to wear suitable and loose clothing, and the clothing is pure cotton as the best. In addition, in the winter, you need to take good warm measures to avoid colds or frostbite.
Reasonable exercise: Reasonable arrangement of some aerobic exercise, such as swimming, walking, slow walking, tai chi, yoga, etc., can not only enhance blood circulation, promote fat metabolism, but also can improve the patient's spirit.
Adjust your mindset: Establish a positive and optimistic mindset, treat diseases correctly, and don't be pessimistic and world-weary. You can listen to more music, look at paintings and calligraphy, etc., and cultivate your emotions. The daily management of the disease requires the active cooperation of diabetic patients and their families to look at diabetes in a serious manner.
Regular blood glucose testing: In daily life, it is necessary to check the changes in blood glucose regularly and make relevant records. In this way, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can be achieved, and complications can be prevented in time. At the same time, patients need to follow the doctor's instructions for regular follow-up consultations, and must not be arbitrarily delayed. If you want to detect and prevent the development of diabetic complications early, testing for complications is essential. Such tests include four trace urine tests, urine routine, renal function (diabetic nephropathy), fundus, ophthalmography (diabetic eye disease), electromyography, limb blood flow (diabetic peripheral neuropathy), electrocardiogram, cerebral blood flow (diabetic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease), etc.
Do not listen to false advertisements and folk remedies: Although all diabetics want to "cure diabetes" and "never take medicine for life", because the cause of diabetes has not yet been fully clear, whether it is Western medicine or Chinese medicine, at present, it can only be effectively treated. For those "miracle drugs" advertised in this way, especially those treatment methods that have not been clinically recognized, patients and their families must be vigilant and not blindly try them, so as not to cause economic losses and delay the disease.
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