Shu Xiang (Du Fu)
Where to find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister, Outside the Jinguan City, Persensen.
The green grass of the ying order is self-colored, and the yellow orioles in the next leaf are empty and good.
The three Gu frequently annoyed the world's plans, and the two dynasties opened the hearts of the old ministers.
He died before he could get out of the division, and the hero was in tears.
Zhuge Liang was a very dazzling figure during the Three Kingdoms period. "There is one Zhuge that can make the Three Kingdoms shine in the hereafter, just like the two Han Dynasties." When Liu Bei was repeatedly beaten to the point of abandoning his wife and son, and when he was staying under the fence of Liu Biao's senders, Zhuge Liang proposed the "Longzhong Pair" to Liu Bei, which made up for the gap in the grand strategy of the entire Liu Bei clique. Although Liu Bei did not obey Zhuge Liang, looking at the performance of the following years, Liu Bei Group was indeed going according to the plan of "Longzhong Pair", and the heyday also realized the precondition of "crossing the Jing and benefiting" to a certain extent. Of course, later Jingzhou was captured by Sun Quan, and Shu Han could only rely on Hanzhong to attack Hanzhong and Longyou, lacking the strength of the strange troops to contain Cao Wei, and finally trapped in Yizhou. Although Zhuge Liang is a famous person throughout the ages, the strategy he formulated for Liu Bei has also played a role, but there has always been a lot of controversy and is not preferred. The following is mainly to talk about the controversy of the Su Shi family on Zhuge Liang's strategy.
Su Xun: First weak and then strong, the most fundamental problem of Liu Bei's group strategy
"To attack a strong point is to be stubborn, to take advantage of a flaw is to be a god, to tackle a strong one is to be flawed, and to take advantage of a flaw is to be strong." This sentence comes from the "Pipe • System of Points", which is also the most fundamental problem of the late Shu Han Dynasty that Su Xun believes. Liu Bei made full use of his status as "Queen of Zhongshan Jing", and Cao Cao was also a sworn enemy of the same water and fire. Eliminating Cao Cao was naturally Liu Bei's ultimate goal. After the three points in the world, Cao Wei's strength was the strongest, and Jiangdong's strength was stronger than that of Shu Han, but it was significantly weaker than Cao Wei's.
Su Xun believed that Zhuge Liang insisted on uniting with Sun Quan to attack the powerful Cao Wei, which was the so-called "attacking the strong point is the flawed one", which was bound to fail. The correct approach of the Shu Han Dynasty should be to temporarily abandon the idea of "Han thieves are not separated", first encroach on Eastern Wu to increase its strength, strive to rule with Cao Wei, rely on the Qinling Mountains and the Yangtze River as a barrier, occupy Yizhou, Jingzhou, Yangzhou, and Jiaozhou to develop, and then XuTu will go north. This is also known as "multiplying the flaws and strengthening the flaws".
"Qi Dongye Language Sansu Does Not Take Kong Ming": "Zhuge Kong Ming's soldiers are with the Wei clan, and his death is also appropriate." ”
Su Xun: Take Yizhou first, and Zhuge Liang will first try to defend it
Su Xun believes that another flaw in Zhuge Liang's strategy is that Zhuge Liang has placed the basic focus on development in Yizhou. From the time of "Longzhong Pair", Zhuge Liang put Yizhou in the highest position, Yizhou was dominated by Liu Bei, and Jingzhou was under the responsibility of "One Admiral". The step of restoring the Han Dynasty was also for Liu Bei to lead the main force out of Qinling into Guanzhong, and the Jingzhou generals would enter Heluo from Xiangyang (although Shu Han did not occupy Xiangyang in the end). All in all, the importance of Yizhou is far greater than that of Jingzhou.
Su Xun believed that the Northern Expedition from Yizhou was very difficult, and although the defensive ability was very strong, the process of going north through the Mianqin Mountains was also very difficult. It can be said that the defensive position of Yizhou is greater than the offensive, and Zhuge Liang's heir Jiang Huan saw this and planned to take the "Three Eastern Counties" along the Han River to the east, and then attack Xiangyang, opening up the situation in which the Shu Han attack was powerless. Of course, this plan was too suspenseful and was shot by the Shu Han high-level; later Jiang Wei repeatedly attacked Longyou, but he failed to open up the situation, and Shu Han was trapped in Yizhou.
Jingzhou is different from Yizhou. Jingzhou can threaten Luoyang and Xuchang from the north; it can threaten Jiangdong from the east; it can control Jiaozhou from the south, which can be said to be in all directions and is in the position of the heart of the world. If the emphasis is on Jingzhou, the offensive aspect is not a problem, it is enough to fight out; at the same time, Jingzhou also has the Yangtze River and the Han River as a support, surrounded by mountains, and there are also dangers of mountains and rivers. It can be said that Jingzhou is a place with both attack and defense, and should be used as the basic disk of Liu Bei's group. Therefore, Su Xun believed that Zhuge Liang and others placed Yizhou above Jingzhou, which was a strategic mistake.
"Book of Power": "Zhuge Kongming abandoned Jingzhou and went to Western Shu, and I know that he is incompetent... Its defense cannot be out, its output cannot be sustained, it is conscientious and self-consummating, and it is not given, and how can it be enough to control zhongyuan. ”
Su Shi: Zhuge Liang took Jingzhou and Yizhou under the banner of benevolence and righteousness, and benevolence and deceit were mixed
Liu Bei's clique was definitely under the banner of benevolence and righteousness, and Liu Bei's rescue of Kong Rong and Tao Qian (although he was not the main general when he saved Tao Qian), his participation in the "Edict of the Belt" and "Carrying the People Across the River" (although there was no crossing of the river in history) also gave Liu Bei considerable popularity. Zhuge Liang also took into account factors such as this kind of popularity and the bonus of the Han dynasty's clan relatives in the "Longzhong Pair", but his plan for Liu Bei was to use deceit.
After Liu Biao's death, Liu Chun succeeded Jingzhou Mu as a mu and surrendered to Cao Cao. Liu Bei had to retreat south from Fancheng, and when he reached Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to attack Liu Chun and take Jingzhou to confront Cao Cao, but Liu Bei refused; after taking Jingzhou, Liu Bei first formed an alliance with Liu Zhang, was invited to Sichuan to attack Hanzhong, but in fact turned his face with Liu Zhang and captured Liu Zhang's Yizhou. In this process, Zhuge Liang also participated in a large part. First of all, in the "Longzhong Pair", Zhuge Liang regarded Liu Zhang's Yizhou as Liu Bei's foundation; when attacking Yizhou, Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and Liu Feng entered Sichuan from east to west, cutting off the connection between Chengdu and Nanzhong, and encircling Liu Zhang with Liu Bei's main force. This battle can also be regarded as the "debut" of Zhuge Liang's troops (although the performance is not satisfactory). In Su Shi's eyes, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang's move was a mixture of benevolence and deceit, and their behavior was no different from Cao Cao's, while Liu Bei's group did not have as many soldiers as Cao Cao, and the land was not as good as Cao Cao's Guang, and if they lost the banner of benevolence and righteousness, the only advantage would no longer exist. This is what Su Shi believes is the contradiction between Zhuge Liang's strategy and the political slogans adhered to by Liu Bei's clique, and it is a flaw in his strategy.
"Zhuge Liang's Theory": "The reason why Ren Yi and deceitful forces are used to take over the world is that this Kong Ming has lost it." ”
Su Rui: Zhuge Liang's ability to rule the world, the exercise will be strategic
Zhuge Liang was a great talent in governing the country, and there was no doubt that he had managed the mess of the Shu Han Dynasty in an orderly manner. Chen Shou, who had a lot of criticism of Zhuge Liang, also spoke highly of Zhuge Liang's political ability when he wrote a biography of Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and slightly criticized Zhuge Liang's military talent (although the editor believes that Zhuge Liang's military talent is also very strong, but it is lower than political ability). Su Rui also agreed with Chen Shou's point of view, believing that Zhuge Liang should sit in the rear and preside over the administrative affairs of Shu Han, and that the affairs of the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei should be done by special generals and marshals.
Although Su Rui was criticizing Liu Bei's way of employing people when he expressed this view (xiaobian felt a little strange, when Liu Bei was in power, Zhuge Liang spent most of his time doing political work, and the founding battle of the "Battle of Hanzhong" was also a battle of founding the country, which was also followed by Fa Zheng, Liu Bei did not use Zhuge Liang as a general, and Su Ru's criticism was inexplicable). However, in the later period, Zhuge Liang was indeed grasped by both military and political hands, doing the work of Xiao He, Zhang Liang, and Han Xin alone, and finally working on military affairs, and died of illness in Wuzhangyuan. In fact, at that time, some people criticized Zhuge Liang for doing too many things and not allowing others to perform their duties. Su Rui's words were not aimed at Zhuge Liang, but to a certain extent, they also criticized Zhuge Liang's own behavior of taking charge of the Northern Expedition.
"The Theory of the Three Kingdoms": "Use the talent of Zhuge Kong's Meiji kingdom, and when the rush of the chaotic conquest, it is not a general." ”
brief summary
The above is the negative evaluation of Zhuge Liang by the Su Shi family, although Zhuge Liang is a nearly perfect person, we should not "keep a secret for His Holiness", and there should be different voices such as "Three Sus Do Not Take Kong Ming" in history. However, the existence of such a voice does not necessarily mean that it is necessarily correct, the "Three Sus" were not in the environment at that time, nor did they take into account Liu Bei's original weak strength and development dilemma, especially the judgment of such a figure as Zhuge Liang, which will be criticized by later generations. Just like the "Three Sus" evaluation of Zhuge Liang, the evaluation of the "Three Sus" in later generations should also exist. As for whether these statements are reasonable or not, it is up to the reader to judge for himself. In addition, the above views on Zhuge Liang are taken from the "Three Sus" and do not represent the views of the editor.
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Qi Dongye Language, Zhuge Liang's Theory, Three Kingdoms