Zhuge Liang's Art of Knowing People: Zhuge Liang called these five kinds of people "five harms" and could not be friends
Perhaps influenced by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang was positioned by many as a strategist. Therefore, people ignore that Zhuge Liang is a genius, whether it is wisdom, governance, invention and creation, Zhuge Liang existed as a god during the Three Kingdoms period.
Even in terms of looking at people! Although Zhuge Liang failed to look at Ma Mo as a person, it did not mean that he was inaccurate in his view of people. Cao Cao, Sun Quan had all looked away... Therefore, it is precisely because of the eyes of these three cattle people that there is a glorious history of these three countries.
Zhuge Liang summed up the five types of people and called them the "five harms."
One is one: forming a party and destroying the virtuous.
That is, "cheating for personal gain, regardless of the overall situation." Why did Zhuge Liang list such a person as the first of the five evils? This is because such people are outright villains and are very destructive.
At this point, Zhuge Liang learned his lesson. During the Fourth Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang defeated Guo Huai, snatched grain from the Wei army, besieged Qishan, and beat Sima Yi without the strength to fight back, and his subordinates ridiculed him for being "afraid of Shu like a tiger".
Who had thought that Li Yan suddenly wrote to Zhuge Liang, telling him that the military food could not be delivered in time, so he could only retreat. But after returning to Chengdu, Li Yan asked confusedly: "How did you come back?" "There's a lot of food in the army. Fortunately, Zhuge Liang kept Li Yan's handwritten letter, and he did not admit it.
Like Zhuge Liang, Li Yan was also a chancellor. Of course, around him, a force against Zhuge Liang had gathered. But the problem is that there is nothing wrong with opposition, it can be elaborated, argued, etc., but once such means are used, it naturally changes. Because this is the act of a villain! Fortunately, Zhuge Liang could prove his innocence, otherwise the Shu Kingdom might not last long.
Second, extravagant clothes, different from their crown belts
These eight words refer to extravagant and exaggerated clothes and hats. Why did Zhuge Liang list people in his dressing style as one of the five evils?
The so-called people want to dress, and Buddhas want gold. A person's clothing reflects his inner qualities and tastes. It's right to go after beautiful clothes, but the problem is that if you exceed certain standards, then something will go wrong. For example, Shu Han was a small place with a small population and not as developed as well as Wei.
But suddenly, someone is holding jewelry, and luxury goods are better than Liu Chan's, isn't that a problem? Therefore, Zhuge Liang's eight words, ostensibly referring to clothes, actually refer to the quality of people and other internal qualities.
Therefore, people cannot be "dressed in gold", because people have to work, work, and do things, and they cannot wear gold clothes and sit on the unshakable Buddha statue! Everything must be explained, beyond the scale, how can it not produce harm?
The third is the vaunted sorcery, the devious Shinto,
These eight words refer to those who use the theory of ghosts and gods to disrupt the normal social order. Such people, then and now, are common.
For example, why did Sun Ce hate the Daoist priest so much during the Three Kingdoms period that he did not hesitate to kill him? In Sun Ce's own words, this kind of magic can confuse people's minds and make the generals no longer look at the etiquette of the monarch.
That is to say, this Daoist priest only said a few words, and even asked my generals to visit him, regardless of the etiquette of the monarch!
It is conceivable that the ministers are so enthusiastic, but what about the people? It can be seen that the Taoists at that time were very windy and seemed to be above the normal social order. Therefore, Zhuge Liang called such people one of the five harms, because once they did evil, the harm was enormous.
The fourth is to focus on right and wrong and to move the masses privately
That is, those who gossip about right and wrong and those who spread gossip. Shu Han had such people, such as Peng Xi! Dissatisfied with Liu Bei's arrangement, he found Ma Chao and began to stir up dissension. He said General Ma Chao and General Peng Xi, as long as we work together, you can recruit troops outside, and I will govern the people at home.
As a result, Ma Chao was startled and reported to Liu Bei. Peng Xi was naturally going to be killed. But the question is, what if Ma Chaozhen is persuaded by Peng Xi? Therefore, this kind of person who likes to gossip and spread gossip is listed by Zhuge Liang as one of the five harms, and he is not wronged at all. The harm of these people increases with their status. When it reaches a certain height, it will be a traitor.
Fifth, serve the gains and losses, and tie the enemy together
To say a lot, it is those who are sorry for their ancestors, and in the past novels are those who see profit and forget righteousness. Did Shu Han have such a person? Of course, there are also huge losses to Shu Han, which is Mi Fang!
Guan Yu's arrogance was for Shu Han. Because Mi Fang did not complete the task of preparing grain and grass, he angrily rebuked him: "Wait until I finish the battle and then take care of you." As a result, in front of Guan Yu, he fought a bloody battle with Jingxiang, but he surrendered to Eastern Wu. As a result, Guan Yu was eventually killed. He's the culprit!
The reason for Mi Fang's surrender was to "serve the gains and losses", that is, to calculate his own gains and losses. But he never thought about what Guan Yu and Jingzhou meant to Shu Han. It was precisely because of Guan Yu's death and the defeat of Jingzhou that Liu Bei desperately launched the Yiling War, and died of depression after the defeat.
Therefore, this kind of person who sees profit and forgets righteousness is also listed by Zhuge Liang as one of the five evils, and warns that these five evils (five types of people) should not make friends!