Mi Fang was Liu Bei's general, and as early as when Liu Bei was in charge of Xuzhou, Mi Fang and his brother Mi Zhu followed Liu Bei. In order to help the fallen Liu Bei, the Mi brothers poured their family property to support Liu Bei and married their sister to Liu Bei. Speaking of which,
The Mi brothers are Liu Bei's venture capitalists, and Mi Fang is Liu Bei's brother-in-law
。
Cao Cao once made Mi Fang the Minister of State of Pengcheng, who was at the same level as Taishou, equivalent to the current mayor. But Mi Fang did not accept it, and firmly chose to follow Liu Bei and go all the way. In order to repay the efforts of the Mi brothers, after Liu Bei captured Yizhou, he promoted Mi Zhu to serve as the general of An Han, and the official position was above Zhuge Liang, making Mi Fang the Taishou of Nan Commandery.
Mi Fang
It is not difficult to see that Mi Fang and Liu Bei are related, and he followed Liu Bei when he was in trouble, which can also be regarded as a loyal person. However, it was liu Bei's brother-in-law, an old subordinate, who seemed to be loyal, who at the important moment of Guan Yu's northern expedition to Xiangfan, not only did not defend the rear of Jingzhou, but chose to surrender to Eastern Wu and surrender the important city of Jiangling. Mi Fang's surrender was also an important reason for Guan Yu's defeat.
so
Why did Mi Fang, who enjoyed preferential treatment in the Shu Han Dynasty, choose to surrender to Eastern Wu?
In my opinion, there are 4 reasons.
To save your life
That can be said
The main reason
Mi Fang surrendered to Sun Quan, not for power and wealth, he had already enjoyed very favorable treatment in Shu Han, and would not gain more benefits after joining Eastern Wu as a general. He did this only to save his life. Perhaps Mi Fang when she was young still had the courage to die for Liu Bei, but at this time, Mi Fang, after enjoying various preferential treatment for many years, became more life-saving. Once you choose to hold on, the day the city is broken is the time of death.
When Mi Fang suddenly faced the test of life and death, out of the instinct to survive and his own personality, he chose to surrender. Just as Yu Ban next door, cao Cao's expectations, chose to surrender to Guan Yu. In the face of life and death, people's choices are often between thoughts, which are related to personality, experience, and situation.
The defenders were partially drawn
In order to let Guan Yu relax his vigilance, Lü Meng and Lu Xun acted together and successfully deceived Guan Yu. Guan Yu's front line was tight, poop
Defenders were drawn from the rear to the front, which led to a weakening of the rear defenders
。 When Lü Meng led his army to attack Jiangling, it was likely that he had a superiority in troops. If the defenders of Jiangling were equal in strength, Mi Fang would not surrender, after all, surrender would mean giving up the preferential treatment in Shu Han and would also affect his family in Chengdu. However, Mi Fang chose to surrender, indicating that in Mi Fang's heart, he thought that he could not defend Jiangling.
Although Guan Yu dispatched the defenders in the rear, there must still be a certain number of defenders left. Because there are still defenders at the outposts by the river, and there are also defenders in the public security,
As an important town, Gangneung will inevitably retain a garrison
。 Moreover, judging from the later surrender of Mi Fang, the soldiers in the city still had plans to ambush Lü Meng, which showed that the defenders in the city had the morale to fight. During the Three Kingdoms, Jiangling was a fortified city, where Cao Ren defended Zhou Yu's year-long attack; Zhu then came here, relying only on 5,000 soldiers, to defend the joint attack of Cao Zhen, Xiahou Shang, and Zhang Guo for half a year in isolation and helplessness; Guan Yu also directly gave up attacking Jiangling when he returned to defend Jingzhou, according to the "Notes on the Water Classics".
The old city of Gangneung, built by Guan Yu. Yubei besieged Cao Ren, and Lü Meng attacked and based on it, and Yu Yue said: "This city I built, can not be attacked." "It is to lead and retreat.
Gangneung
It can be seen that at that time, Mi Fang's men were under him
There are defenders, the defenders have morale, and the defense is a fortified city
Although Lü Meng had a large number of troops, Mi Fang was also
There is capital to defend the city
target. Mi Fang's surrender without a fight also shows him
Lack of confidence in their ability to defend the city
Fu Shiren's surrender
Fu Shiren was a police general who had surrendered before Mi Fang. Lü Meng took Fu Shiren to Jiangling, and using Fu Shiren, conveyed to Mi Fang the meaning that surrender would save his life. Mi Fang saw that Fu Shiren had surrendered, so he quickly chose to surrender. Although Fu Shiren played a negative demonstration effect, it also showed it
Mi Fang's position is not firm
Lumont
Fear guan yu's punishment
During Guan Yu's Northern Expedition to Xiangfan, Mi Fang was responsible for logistics, but because it was not in place, Guan Yu claimed to clean up Mi Fang after returning, and Mi Fang was upset because of this. However, Guan Yu's punishment could only be used as one of Mi Fang's surrenders
Secondary factors
。 Even if Guan Yu wanted to punish Mi Fang, it would be
It is unlikely that he will be beheaded
。 After all, Mi Fang was Liu Bei's brother-in-law and an old subordinate, and Guan Yu should report this matter to Liu Bei and let Liu Bei handle it. Since there would be no fear of life, it was unreasonable to choose to surrender to Eastern Wu just because of his inner uneasiness.
Guan yu
Mi Fang enjoyed generous treatment in the Shu Han Dynasty, defending the fortified city of Jiangling, but chose to surrender to Eastern Wu, which was his own
Greed for life and fear of death, lack of ability, and lack of firmness have a lot to do with it
。 For the fall of Guan Yu and the loss of Jingzhou, Mi Fang was very responsible. If Mi Fang chooses to hold gangneung Castle, by the time Guan Yu arrives, the outcome may be different. After Mi Fang surrendered to Eastern Wu, what he exchanged was forbearance and humiliation, as well as the disdain for him in later generations.
(Text reference, "Sangokushi", "Water Note"))