As we all know, Liu Bei was born in a cloth cloth, and he only went around and started his own foundation after middle age. And Liu Bei's own biggest "magic weapon to win" is the good reputation he has shown to the world. Whether it is crossing the river with the people, or his benevolence and love for the people, in the eyes of many people, Liu Bei can indeed be called a righteous gentleman.
It is worth mentioning that After Liu Bei's good reputation entered Shu, almost no one believed it. There are two specific manifestations: one is Zhang Lu's contemptuous attitude toward Liu Bei, and the other is Liu Bei's attitude of doing nothing after liu bei claims to be emperor, and this article mainly explores Zhang Lu's resentment towards Liu Bei. According to the Huayang Guozhi, Liu Bei went all the way west and successfully forced Liu Zhang to surrender; at this time, Cao Cao also led his troops straight into Guanzhong. Zhang Lu was sandwiched in Hanzhong, and his men naturally had some differences -- to vote for Liu Bei or cao Cao. Just as the courtiers were arguing endlessly, Zhang Lu spoke: "I would rather be a slave to Cao Gong than a guest for Liu Bei!" ”
Judging from this sentence, Zhang Lu's opinion of Liu Bei is not generally large. Therefore, many people wondered, what did Liu Bei do to make such a good-tempered person as Zhang (Lu) Shijun still be angry? The answer is very simple, Liu Bei fiercely pit Zhang Lu. So what is the basis for this?
Brief alliance – seeking the interests of the state
Zhang Luben was a subordinate of Liu Yan and went to Hanzhong on his orders to isolate the imperial court. However, after Liu Yan's death, Zhang Lu felt that his son Liu Zhang was weak, and simply cut off the exchanges between Hanzhong and Yizhou, and continued to carry out the "Five Buckets of Rice Sect" in the land of Hanzhong. Therefore, Liu Zhang was furious and killed Zhang Lu's mother and brother. In this way, Zhang Lu Liu Zhang began a war for many years.
Under these circumstances, Liu Zhang, instigated by Zhang Song, Fazheng, and others, invited Liu Bei, who was known as "Brave Martial", to Yizhou, hoping that he would come and deal with Zhang Lu. Liu Bei's impression of the world at this time was still benevolent and virtuous, plus he brought some remnants of defeated soldiers, Liu Zhang was naturally very relieved about him. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? The Biography of Wu Fan records: "Lü Dai returned from Shu and met the White Emperor, saying that the people of Beibu were separated, dead and half, and things would not be overcome." This sentence was spoken from the mouth of Liu Bei's ally, the Eastern Wu general Wu Fan, which was enough to prove Liu Bei's outstanding ability to hide. Not only did Liu Zhang not feel threatened, Zhang Lu did not feel that Liu Bei could do anything.
After Liu Bei entered Shu, he briefly allied himself with Zhang Lu. Although this incident is not clearly recorded, it can be seen from Zhang Lu's attitude and Liu Bei's two dispatches of envoys into Hanzhong. It is not difficult to speculate that Liu Bei wants Yizhou, and Zhang Lu also wants a piece of the pie. So where is the evidence? Take a look at the biographies of Peng Xi and Li Hui. Liu Bei's appointment of these two people is worth pondering, because although these two were famous scholars in Shuzhong, they were both punished by Liu Zhang. Even more unfortunate was Peng Xi, a madman who was sentenced by Liu Zhang to the punishment of tongs (shaving off his hair and wearing an iron collar and exiled) for speaking ill of him.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? According to the biography of Li Hui, Li Hui saw early that Liu Zhang would be defeated, so he took the lead in surrendering Liu Bei in advance: "The first lord Jiazhi, from Luocheng, sent back to Hanzhong to make good friends with Ma Chao, and chao obeyed his orders." At this time, Peng Xi also came, and he only went to see Liu Bei on the recommendation of Fa Zheng and Pang Tong. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? The Biography of Peng Xi records: "The ancestors also thought it was strange, and several orders were made to propagate the military, instructed the generals, and gave the envoys the praise, and met the day. Peng Xi was ordered to send an envoy (Zhang Lu), and the result was very satisfactory to Liu Bei.
Ma Chao defected - Zhang Lu lost an arm
From the above records, although it is not directly stated that Peng Xi sent an envoy to Hanzhong, from the perspective of the situation at that time, Peng Xi did not have any other place for him. The most crucial point is the relationship between Ma Chao and Peng Xi. The relationship between these two people should be very good. When Ma Chao was depressed under Liu Bei, he went to peng xi for a drink. At the banquet, Peng Xi, a madman, began to speak out again, and he scolded Liu Bei for "the old ge is absurd, but it can be restored to evil!" "Leaving aside for the moment that Ma Chao later betrayed Peng Xian, let's first look at how the relationship between Ma Chao and Peng Xi came about.
Judging from Li Hui's envoys, Zhang Lu and Liu Bei should have reached a friendly alliance. So Liu Bei arranged a task for Peng Xi - to dig Ma Chao's corner. Ma Chao's biography also mentions that when Liu Bei attacked Chengdu, Ma Chao "wrote a secret letter to please surrender". Why the Secret Book? Because Ma Chao was still under Zhang Lu's command at this time, and he was carrying the latter behind his back. Pei Songzhi's commentary quotes the Classics as saying: "So he fled from Wudu into The Qizhong and turned to Shu. "Ma Chao came to Liu Bei's command, and he had to take a detour along the way, which can be described as constant twists and turns.
One of Ma Chao's subordinates, Pan De, defected to Cao Cao with Zhang Lu. And it is worth noting that Pang De's brother Pang Rou later became an official in Shuzhong. Then Ma Chao's separation from Zhang Lu's command must have happened in a hurry, so Ma Chao only took away some of the people and horses. It is not difficult to speculate that when Ma Chao left, he also created a certain damage to Zhang Lu's big book, and even he may have intended to rebel against Zhang Lu and had to flee to Liu Bei's command after failing. In this way, it is not difficult to explain that a good-tempered person like Zhang Lu wanted to kill Ma Chao's son Ma Qiu with his own hands.
Wudou Rice Sect - since then extinct in Hanzhong
Liu Beice's anti-Ma Chao thing is indeed not authentic. Soon after, Liu Bei borrowed Ma Chao's prestige and ordered Liu Zhang to surrender the city. However, after this incident, Ma Chao's anti-bone boy personality also made Liu Bei dare not reuse it for him in the future.
Just as Liu Bei was marching into Shu, Zhang Lu also made a test of Liu Bei. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? The Biography of Huo Jun records: "The first lord attacked Liu Zhang from Ye Mengnan and left Jun to guard Ye Meng City. Zhang Lu dispatched Yang Shuai to entice Jun, asking to defend the city together, and Jun said: "The head of the villain can be obtained, but the city cannot be obtained." 'The veil is retreating. This is Liu Bei's nature -- it is okay for everyone to form an alliance, but not to take advantage. After Zhang Song heard about Liu Bei's move, he was even more angry.
According to the author's point of view, the last time Liu Bei offended Zhang Lu, it should actually be on the issue of the Wudou Rice Sect. Zhang Lu's policy of integrating administration and religion in Hanzhong, the development and spread of Wudou rice religion, is what Zhang Lu cares about most. But strangely, after Zhang Lu went to Brazil, he quickly made up his mind and gave the land of Hanzhong to Cao Cao.
At this time, Brazil was too defensive, it was Zhang Fei. But the foundation of Zhang Lu's WudouMi sect, in addition to Hanzhong, was Langzhong, which was the place where he preached in his early years. But after Zhang Lu went to Brazil, he quickly changed his mind and scolded Liu Bei. It is not difficult to speculate that the foundation of the Wudou Rice Sect has been severely suppressed near Brazil. Liu Bei was a generation of tyrants, and he could not allow such a force that he could not control to continue to be active in Yizhou.
Liu Bei's move undoubtedly allowed Zhang Lu to see through his personality. Therefore, Zhang Lu preferred to give the land of Hanzhong to Cao Cao, and at the same time used his influence to assist Cao Cao in moving all the people of the land of Hanzhong to the Central Plains. Liu Bei painstakingly laid down Hanzhong, but it was just an empty shell. The Wudou Rice Sect, which Zhang Lu attaches the greatest importance to, has also been successfully transmitted to the Central Plains. Later, Zhang Luguan paid homage to the general Zhennan, the Marquis of Langzhong, and the Ten Thousand Households of Yiyi, which can be said to be the best ending among the princes.
Reference books: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chronicle of the State of Huayang