The 200th anniversary of Flaubert's birth 丨When the novel encounters a crisis, Flaubert has always been the source of Shenzhen News Network

"Flaubert Literary Brief" [French] Gustave Flaubert by Ding Shizhong Translation Guangxi Normal University Press I Si October 2020 edition tomorrow, is the 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous French masterpiece Stav Flaubert (December 12, 1821 May 8, 1880). Flaubert is one of the representative writers of French realist literature in the 19th century, a French novel master and a universally recognized stylist comparable to Balzac and Stendhal, Flaubert's achievements are mainly manifested in the real and meticulous description of the 19th century French social customs and human feelings at the same time, super-era, super-conscious exploration of the aesthetic trend of modern novels, so he is also known as the "father of modern novels". Starting with Flaubert, we will unfold the wonderful world of French literature. On 12 December 1821, Gustav Flaubert was born. In the era of his creation, the romanticism of Chateaubriand and Musé has fallen into decline, and Stendhal and Balzac, who have pushed the traditional art of the novel to the peak, have been ancient, and readers are eagerly waiting for a new successor. A generation of young people has raised the banner of realism at the right time, but there is no new work that is inspiring enough. At this time, Flaubert can be described as a turnaround, and he used only 5 novels and 3 short stories to bring together the focus of the entire era. Throughout his life, Flaubert extolled "style", which was the most popular word to explore in Europe, and the style he most praised was his "objective" creative concept: "In his works, the artist should be like God in the world he created, invisible but omniscient; everywhere he feels, it is invisible." This is what he said in reply to The ardent reader of Madame Bovary, the novelist Miss Levay. If, as Flaubert said, he disappears in the novel; then in his letters the "God" behind the work appears, and is fuller and more vivid than his characters. Flaubert's Literary Brief selects a part from the four volumes of Huanghuang's "Correspondence Collection", and arranges it according to "love and sex", "personalization and non-personalization", "art supremacy" and "inner mission", presenting us with a passionate and willful and keen wisdom of Flaubert. Flaubert himself complained in his letters, "The letters of the famous people of this age are rarely flying, and can only be done on the basis of facts." "He has broken and established: the letters of this king can be described as flying personality. We see in Flaubert's letters the figures of many literary figures, the Goncourt brothers, Zola, Turgenev, Baudelaire, and so on. In his letter, he denied the characters, commented on the current situation, and had many insights. We usually call Flaubert a master of realism, alongside Balzac and Stendhal. If Stendhal took the lead in getting out of the 18th century, and Balzac scanned 19th-century society in a panoramic way, then flaubert, who came later, threw both of them into the dust of history. Flaubert was fair in his assessment of Balzac, "He is remarkable and deeply understands his time", but at the same time he is soberly aware of Balzac's shortcomings, which are not good at refining words. For Stendhal, Flaubert was not so polite: "The Red and the Black is not well written, and the character and author's intentions are not easy to understand. Behind Flaubert's criticism is his view of literature and art: a focus on style. Perhaps in the sense of how realism reflects the times, how the art of the novel is perfected, Flaubert's theory of artistic supremacy, style, and objectivity surpassed his predecessors and pushed the art of the novel— not just the realist novel— forward a big step. As Mr. Li Jianwu said in the "Flaubert Commentary": "Creation is his life, words are his sorrows and joys, and art is his whole life." In 1856, Flaubert's first work, Madame Bovary, was published, which unfortunately quickly rose to court, and the judge denounced Madame Bovary as "offensive" and contrary to traditional and vulgar realism. What is traditional realism? How vulgar is Madame Bovary? In fact, Flaubert knew very well in his heart that in the past, people used carefully chosen words to beautify articles; now from the perspective of style, it is the tacky use of words that produce good results. The novel is forward, the concept of literature and art is constantly changing, and rhetoric has turned over, but after all, it is still rhetoric. As soon as "Madame Bovary" came out, she was praised by Schaumfleury and others for being "concise and accurate". This, of course, is the result of Flaubert's painstaking efforts, and he is determined to give a precise account of the magnificent reality, and he feels that what he can do is to elaborate. In his letters to Ruis, we can read many such sentences: "Repeated deliberation, copying, revision, embellishment, stirring up the dizziness..." Flaubert carried out a strict way of writing: outline, draft, word by word, repeated recitation. For the purpose of the section on the agricultural exhibition "Madame Bovary", for the study of Carthaginian and archaeology for "Sarangpo", and in his later years to write "Buffal and Baijushe", he spent "three and a half months reading works on magnetic therapy and philosophy". Of course, Flaubert was not content with rhetoric alone. Li Jianwu once said: "Stendhal is profound, Balzac is great, but Flaubert, perfect... He wasn't as blunt as Stendhal, not as complicated as Balzac, he was Gustav Flaubert. "Is realism mirror theory?" Far from it, in Balzac's view, "the truth of art is not originally ready-made, but created." "Imagining literature is only a kind of creative reality, the novelist's job is to recommend to people a world that is parallel to reality and meaningful. Yet whether Flaubert admits it or not, it now seems that Madame Bovary became a new starting point for the realist novel. In the reality reflected in Balzac's novels, the author knows everything everywhere, this reality is a reality that has been screened and criticized by Balzac, and he gives the reader hints, induces and enlightens; and after Balzac, the macro gives way to the micro, in Flaubert's words, it is to express "a certain cross-section of life", the author must hide behind the characters, do not move, do not be biased, keep a distance, do not show expressions, do not judge, so as to give life to the characters, which can also make the author and the reader in the same position. "The absence of the author ensures the presence of the characters." So at the end of Madame Bovary, Flaubert cried bitterly, "My Madame Bovary is dead!" Llosa, the winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature, once said that Madame Bovary was the first modern novel. Flaubert ended the writer's position as God in the novel and created the "New Code of Art" (Zola). The modernist novel inherits Flaubert's art of the novel: the reader "does not really need to be told", and the author does not have to point out the way, because there is no ready-made road, and the reader should be left to find it himself. Flaubert pointed out directly: "Whoever wants a conclusion is stupid." Flaubert once confided in a letter to Ruis: "Tomorrow, december 12, your unworthy slave will be fifty or eight." I wish it was youth twenty-five. Anyway, my heart is young. "A century and a half later, Flaubert's legacy of the art of fiction that Flaubert has left us still seems to be alive and well. The famous critic Harold Bloom said that Flaubert, together with Stendhal and Balzac, outlined the history of the development of realist literature in France. Flaubert not only predicted the trajectory of society, but also predicted the development path of modern fiction. When the novel itself encounters a crisis, Flaubert is always the source, able to conjure up the form and concept of the novel, which is probably the legacy of a great writer. "Flaubert's Parrot" [English] Julian Barnes by Dan Hansong Translation and Translation Forest Publishing House September 2021 edition of the book is the masterpiece of the famous British writer Barnes, with which he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize finals, and has since become one of the outstanding writers in the British literary world. In this book, Barnes explores in a very peculiar way the French writer Flaubert, whom he regards as a spiritual teacher. Flaubert's two former residences have a parrot specimen, which one was the one that Flaubert used? With this question in mind, the retired physician Jeffrey Braswaite began a quest for Flaubert's parrots. Stories abound in the intermittent journeys, but Flaubert's shadow becomes more and more blurred in the old things... window. HLBath=1; window. HLBath=1;