On the evening of March 20, 1913, when the streets of Shanghai were no longer bustling during the day, Song Jiaoren, who was acting chairman of the Kuomintang at the time, accompanied by Huang Xing, Chen Yingshi (Chen Qimei), Yu Youren, Liao Zhongkai, and others, went to the Shanghai Railway Station to prepare to go to Beijing to attend the first official national assembly.
This year, Song Jiaoren was only 31 years old, but he was already a revolutionary leader, advocating the implementation of democracy in the party cabinet and parliament.
Three months earlier, the Kuomintang had won a resounding victory in the parliamentary race, and Yuan Shikai immediately invited Song Jiaoren to Beijing to "discuss state affairs." At this time, people generally believed that Song Jiaoren's visit to Beijing this time would definitely be the prime minister of the cabinet at that time, and even he himself was full of self-confidence.
Song Jiaoren
On the way to the Shanghai railway station, while everyone was talking and laughing, Chen Yingshi carefully observed the surrounding movements in case someone carried out the assassination operation.
At ten o'clock in the evening, the group arrived at the Shanghai Railway Station, and just as Song Jiaoren walked toward the ticket gate, there were suddenly several gunshots, and Song Jiaoren fell to the ground in response.
The bullet shot into Song Jiaoren's back, and the killer shot and fled. He was in excruciating pain, fell on a chair, and pulled Yu Youren's head to his chest with his hand with difficulty, saying, "I am in so much pain that I will not be able to afford it!" ”
Seeing this scene, Huang Xing, Yu Youren, Liao Zhongkai, Chen Yingshi, and others who sent Song Jiaoren off at the railway station immediately sent him to the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Hospital for treatment.
The next day, rumors spread from the outside world that "sending people to shoot Song Jiaoren was chen Yingshi's doing."
Huang xing
At this time, Chen Yingshi was immersed in grief and indignation, and although he had stepped down as the governor of the Shanghai military government and the Shanghai military governor for more than half a year, he still secretly found his former subordinates and brothers of the gang to quickly solve the case.
At 4:48 a.m. on March 22, after some rescue from the hospital, Song Jiaoren died of his injuries.
For a time, the news of Song Jiaoren's assassination shocked the whole country, and the people of the whole country demanded that "the murderer be arrested and the truth be found out" was higher than the wave.
According to Song Jiaoren's dictation before his death, Huang Xing called Yuan Shikai on his behalf, hoping that Yuan Shikai would "be open-minded, preach justice, and do his best to protect civil rights." ”
Shortly after Song Jiaoren's death, the case progressed when Jin Rong, the leader of the Shanghai Green Gang who was working in the concession patrolhouse, led people to capture the Assassin Wu Shiying.
Song Jiaoren died
Through the clue of Wu Shiying, Jin Jinrong conducted layers of investigations, and finally pointed the real culprit behind the scenes to Yuan Shikai.
On March 25, Sun Yat-sen, who was leading a large number of entourage to Japan at this time, learned of this news and immediately suspended his trip and hurried back to Shanghai.
That evening, Sun Yat-sen, Liao Zhongkai, Yu Youren, Chen Yingshi, and others held a meeting in Huang Xing's apartment to discuss the situation and countermeasures after the assassination of Song Jiaoren.
Although five days had passed since the assassination of Song Jiaoren, Sun Yat-sen was still immersed in great sorrow, and he angrily scolded Yuan Shikai and angrily said: "If there are two divisions of troops, I will personally lead the north to ask for the guilt." ”
Huang Xing persuaded: "After disarmament, the Kuomintang no longer has many troops, and since the Republic of China has been established, it should be resolved according to legal means." ”
Sun Yat-sen
Chen Yingshi was also well aware that the difference in strength between the enemy and ourselves at this time was very large, and he also expressed his agreement with Huang Xing's opinion.
In the face of this view, Sun Yat-sen did not think so, and he advocated that china should be transformed through the road of political power, and that Yuan Shikai should be armed against him.
In the case of disagreement between Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, the meeting reached an impasse. At this moment, Dai Jitao, Chen Yingshi's Huzhou compatriot, suddenly stood up and said, "We should still listen to Sun Yat-sen. ”
Chen Yingshi categorically rejected Dai Jitao's statement, arguing that although the revolutionaries now occupy a certain superiority in politics, they are at a disadvantage militarily, and they should not give up their own superiority and use their own inferiority.
The meeting finally accepted the propositions of Huang Xing and Chen Yingshi, and decided to pay attention to the solution of the law while stepping up the training of troops.
Chen Yingshi
At the same time, Yuan Shikai's suppression of the revolutionaries has also accelerated the pace, and whether Song Jiaoren was assassinated by Yuan Shikai or not is still questioned by many historians.
But one thing is certain, Yuan Shikai is very hostile to the parliamentary democracy advocated by Song Jiaoren, which may also be an important reason for him to get rid of Song Jiaoren.
It was at this time, without the consent of Parliament, Yuan Shikai took the initiative and borrowed 25 million pounds from the five countries. At this time, Yuan Shikai not only had heavy troops in his hands, but also had a huge amount of money, so he began to dispatch troops along the Jinpu Railway and the Beijing-Hankou Railway to the revolutionaries in the south.
Between June 9 and June 30, Yuan Shikai issued three consecutive orders, dismissing Li Liejun, the governor of Jiangxi, Hu Hanmin, the governor of Guangdong, and Bai Wenwei, the governor of Anhui, who were revolutionaries.
Until this time, Huang Xing and Chen Yingshi and others hoped to solve the problem through peaceful legal means, which became a bubble.
On July 8, on the orders of Sun Yat-sen, Li Liejun, who had been dismissed by Yuan Shikai, quietly came from Shanghai to Hukou, and on July 14 issued the "Declaration on The War with Yuan Jun", which also heralded the official outbreak of the second revolution.
On July 16, Chen Yingshi served as the commander-in-chief of the "Yuan Army" in Shanghai, leading the revolutionary army to revolt. He knew in his heart that the revolutionaries were now scattered within the revolutionaries, and that the constitutionalists, Such as Zhang Yi, did not approve of the use of force to solve the problem, and if they used their modest strength to resist the prepared Beiyang army, the result might have been doomed.
Despite this, Chen Yingshi still did not hesitate to put on his battle robe, like a sharp sword, and the sword pointed to the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau sent by Yuan Shikai to be heavily guarded.
The Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau had been captured by the revolutionary army once two years earlier, but at this time Yuan Shikai sent his confidant Zheng Rucheng to guard the place.
On 21 July, Chen Yingshi ordered his ally Chiang Kai-shek, his allies Wang Jinfa, and his fellow huzhou compatriot Niu Yongjian and Liu Fubiao, the leader of the Huihui Party, to lead their troops from four roads to attack separately, but after five attacks without success.
At this time, Zheng Rucheng claimed to "shell Nanshi", and in order to avoid the citizens being harmed, Chen Yingshi chose to retreat again and again, all the way to the Wusong area.
The Beiyang Army pursued them relentlessly in the rear, they advanced on land and water, the ship's guns were fired in unison, and the "Yuan Army" fought a bloody battle, and finally ran out of ammunition and food, and was forced to disband.
Yuan Shikai
With the successive failures of Chen Yingshi's anti-Yuan struggle in Shanghai and Huang Xing's anti-Yuan struggle in Nanjing, the anti-Yuan struggles across the country also failed. Therefore, Yuan Shikai ordered the Beiyang Army to take advantage of the victory to pursue, and issued a wanted order, determined to wipe out the revolutionaries.
On July 31, Yuan Shikai personally ordered the arrest of Huang Xing, Chen Yingshi, and other revolutionary party leaders, and also sent people to seize Chen Yingshi's family property in Huzhou, and all his family members were expelled.
In desperation, Chen Yingshi had to entrust his nephew Chen Guofu to take his family to live at No. 10 Haining Road in the Shanghai Concession, and the family was finally reunited in Shanghai.
The "second revolution" failed miserably in less than a month, and Chen Yingshi would often meditate in the dead of night and sum up the lessons of the failure of the revolution.
Beiyang Army
Three months later, at the invitation of Sun Yat-sen, Chen Yingshi once again left Shanghai for Tokyo, Japan.
By this time, there was already a serious disagreement between Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, who were also in Tokyo.
Sun Yat-sen believed that the reason why the second revolution failed miserably was because of the internal disintegration of the revolutionary party since the success of the Xinhai Revolution. Since the reorganization of the League into the Kuomintang, the revolutionaries have lost all discipline and must undergo a thorough transformation, proposing to form a "Chinese Revolutionary Party" and to elect a leader, and the people below must be loyal to this revolutionary leader.
This proposal of Sun Yat-sen was strongly opposed by Huang Xing, who believed that when we launched the revolution, we wanted to oppose dictatorship and dictatorship, and that our revolutionary contingent could not only listen to the orders of one person, but should listen to the voice of the collective.
Sun Yat-sen retorted: "I am not an authoritarian person, and you understand this, but to carry out revolution, we must unite tightly within ourselves, otherwise the revolution will not be victorious." ”
Seeing Huang Xing's resolute attitude, Sun Yat-sen said to him: "Can you give me a chance, with a two-year deadline, if I don't succeed, I will listen to you." ”
Chen Yingshi, who had just come to Japan from Shanghai, expressed his support for Sun Yat-sen's rebuilding of the Chinese Revolutionary Party after some deliberation.
At the same time, Chen Yingshi also tried his best to mediate between Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing to mediate their contradictions, but without success.
In June 1914, due to political discord, Huang Xing took his wife Xu Zonghan to the United States, and a large number of members of the Old League also left.
To Sun Yat-sen's relief, at this critical moment, there were still two Huzhou heavyweight revolutionaries who chose to stand by his side, one of them Chen Yingshi and the other was Zhang Jingjiang.
Zhang Jingjiang
Ever since Zhang Jingjiang met Sun Yat-sen on a sea ship in the spring of 1906, he devoted himself to the Republican Revolution and became Sun Yat-sen's most loyal follower.
In addition, Zhang Jingjiang often donated large sums of money to Sun Yat-sen, and in just a few years, he donated 1.1 million taels of silver to the needs of the revolution. At the same time, he also mobilized other Members of the Zhang clan to donate money and materials, and people praised him for "destroying the family and helping the revolution."
Although Zhang Jingjiang has a leg disability and has no way to personally go to the battlefield to participate in the battle, every time the revolution encounters difficulties, he will make accurate judgments with a calm gaze.
On July 8, 1914, the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Revolutionary Party was solemnly held in Tokyo.
Under the introduction of Chen Yingshi and Ju Zheng, another member of the Old League, Sun Yat-sen formally swore an oath to join the Chinese Revolutionary Party and assume the post of prime minister.
Inaugural Congress of the Chinese Revolutionary Party
At the inaugural meeting, Premier Sun Yat-sen issued the Appointment Order No. 1, appointing Chen Yingshi as Minister of General Affairs and Zhang Jingjiang as Minister of Finance.
The congress also unanimously elected Chen Yingshi as an associate, that is, second only to the premier, but was firmly opposed by Chen Yingshi. He believes that the position of associate should be left to Huang Xing, although Huang Xing is not in Tokyo at this time.
It was precisely because Huang Xing did not attend the inaugural meeting of the Chinese Revolutionary Party that Chen Yingshi actually became the second most important person after Sun Yat-sen.