When it comes to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, most people will definitely think of General Yang Jingyu, but in fact, among the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, there is also a general with the same name as General Yang Jingyu, who is often referred to as "Southern Yang and Northern Zhao", and his life experience is even more tortuous and legendary, he is General Zhao Shangzhi, who was expelled from the party twice and was beheaded and thrown away by the Japanese Kou after his death. He joined the party at the age of seventeen and was imprisoned twice, unyielding.
In 1908, Zhao Shangzhi was born in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province, an ordinary peasant family, and his father had been admitted to Xiucai and opened a private school in the village, so Zhao Shangzhi received a good education. In 1917, Zhao Shangzhi's father, because of his righteous courage, participated in the killing of several officers and soldiers who robbed the people's women, in order to avoid being pursued, his father left his hometown and went to Harbin, two years later, 11-year-old Zhao Shangzhi and his mother went to Harbin to join his father.
In 1925, at the age of 17, Zhao Shangzhi joined the Communist Party of China, one of the earliest party members in the entire northeast, and was sent to study at the Whampoa Military Academy. In 1926, in order to strengthen his military and political status, Chiang Kai-shek directed himself to perform the Zhongshan Ship incident, trying to sabotage the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Zhao Shangzhi returned to the northeast to engage in revolution, first organized a student movement in Harbin, Heilongjiang, and then organized a party organization in Changchun, Jilin Province, and soon after his activities were discovered by Japanese agents, secret agents reported to local warlords that Led to Zhao Shangzhi's arrest, fortunately, Zhao Shangzhi was determined to be firm, insisting that he was not a communist party, and did not expose the party organization at all, so he was released not long after. Continue to work in the Northeast.
In 1930, Zhao Shangzhi was appointed as a member of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, and as a result, the next year he was betrayed by traitors and arrested and imprisoned, Zhao Shangzhi's identity was exposed, and the Kuomintang reactionaries were soft and him, but he still kept the party's secrets unyieldingly, sang revolutionary songs every time he was punished, turned the interrogation room into a pulpit to accuse the enemy, and questioned the enemy according to reason, what is the crime of young patriotism? He scolded his enemies and traitors so bloodily that he did not dare to interrogate him again, but simply sent him to prison. At that time, the reactionary prison had a policy of civilized education, and in order to reform the prisoners, it was actually a vain attempt to disintegrate the revolutionary thinking of the Communists through preaching, and the enemy forced Zhao Shangzhi to listen to the so-called teachings when he saw that zhao Shangzhi was soft and hard and did not eat
At the beginning, a teaching teacher surnamed Liu, specifically to Zhao Shangzhi and other political prisoners to teach the way of Confucius and Mencius, Zhao Shangzhi felt that this teacher Liu had a certain sense of justice, and those who were determined to fight for the reactionaries, so he often used the name of asking for advice to discuss problems with him, intentionally approaching and winning over Teacher Liu, and Teacher Liu dared to say and dare to do it, and the spirit of patriotism and love for the people was also admired. Teacher Liu realized that selling his life for the warlord was tantamount to aiding and abetting abuse, and clarified the path that a young man with lofty ideals should take, after which Teacher Liu used his identity to cover Zhao Shangzhi many times to help him carry out revolutionary activities in prison, and later under the recommendation of Zhao Shangzhi, this teacher Liu joined the Communist Party of China. Later, Zhao Shangzhi met a teaching teacher. This is a resolutely reactionary pastor, by preaching the Gospels to the prisoners to carry out reactionary propaganda, Zhao Shangzhi in order to use every opportunity to fight against the enemy, in class deliberately asked the pastor questions, let the pastor explain what is the crime? What is the line between guilt and innocence? Who is guilty of arresting innocent patriotic youth?
Zhao Shangzhi can speak eloquently in a wide range of books, ancient and modern China and abroad, Jesus Christ, the Three People's Principles, politics and law, he can speak the head, but the questions he raises pastors often can't answer, often made speechless, ridiculed by everyone, at this time Zhao Shangzhi will talk about it, and talk about the reason that the rise and fall of the country is responsible. Treating the enemy's classroom as a patriotic lecture hall, the priest was so ashamed and embarrassed that he grabbed the "Gospel" and withdrew from the podium, and from then on refused Zhao Shangzhi to listen to the lecture again, and the enemy also had no way to take Zhao Shangzhi, for fear that he would go to the classroom to make trouble again. It was not until after the September 18 Incident that Zhao Shangzhi was rescued from prison by the Party Central Committee and the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, and Zhao Shangzhi was arrested twice and always adhered to principles, was tortured in prison, and was still tenacious and unyielding, and his resourceful response was enough to see the firmness of his will and loyalty to the party and the people. Twenty-four-year-old leader, "Mr. Xiao Li" made a name for himself.
In 1932, Zhao Shangzhi was the director of the Manchurian Military Commission, at this time most of the northeast has been invaded by the Japanese, the Japanese Kou also established a puppet Manchukuo in the northeast, the implementation of cruel colonial rule in the northeast, the anti-Japanese salvation can not be delayed, Zhao Shangzhi decided to set up an anti-Japanese armed force as soon as possible, under his repeated requests, the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee agreed to let him leave Harbin and secretly go to Bayan County, he assumed the pseudonym Li Yucai, joined the Bayan anti-Japanese guerrilla group led by Zhang Jiazhou, serving as the director of the political department, the chief of staff and other positions, because he was only 24 years old. The generals affectionately called him "Mr. Little Li." ”
After Zhao Shangzhi came to the guerrilla group, he actively helped Zhang Jiazhou to rectify the contingent, and the first thing he did was to form an elite contingent, which was also the central model team of the guerrilla group, which was composed of young, good character, and excellent physique fighters selected by each team, and the requirements of the model team were also particularly strict, no dirty words and black words, no bureaucratic style, and still less harming the interests of the masses. The relationship between the troops and the masses was also improved, and Zhao Shangzhi and Zhang Jiazhou cooperated tacitly and took the opportunity to train a number of anti-Japanese backbones, leading the troops to go deep behind enemy lines, launch guerrilla warfare, carry out western expeditions, and sweep through the Northern Wilderness. Actively propagating the anti-Japanese mobilization of the masses, the contingent grew to 700 people, and at one point captured bayan county town, which was the first county town recaptured from the Japanese during the War of Resistance Against Japan by the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party of China. During the transfer to Bayan County, because of frequent battles, lack of ammunition, and even sometimes only a few bullets per soldier, the soldiers were worried about the lack of ammunition.
In a battle, Zhao Shangzhi and a small soldier lay down together to shoot at the enemy, the small soldier's bullets were very small, so they stopped fighting, but at that time the battle was fierce and could not save bullets, Zhao Shangzhi patted his bullet bag, encouraged the small soldier to say: "You fight hard, I still have a big bag of bullets," The small soldier listened to eliminate his concerns, increased the firepower to shoot at the enemy, and when the enemy was repelled, the small soldier asked Zhao Shangzhi for bullets, a mouthful of a small Mr. Li, Zhao Shangzhi helplessly opened the bullet bag, It turned out that there was not a single bullet in his bullet bag, and it was full of sorghum poles, and the little soldier was laughed at by Zhao Shangzhi.
Zhao Shangzhi used this bitter way to encourage the soldiers to persist in fighting, and finally captured the county seat of Bayan County, and the prestige of "Mr. Xiao Li" Li Yucai also spread throughout Harbin. However, due to the encirclement and combined attack of the Japanese Kwantung Army, the Bayan guerrillas were scattered by the enemy in early 1933, Zhao Shangzhi returned to Harbin and reported to the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee on the work and the reasons for the failure, the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee inappropriately blamed the failure on the main leaders of the guerrillas, accusing Zhang Shangzhi of committing the mistake of "right opportunism" in command decision-making, which led to the guerrillas being isolated and severely attacked, completely disregarding the heavy encirclement and suppression of the Japanese puppet army, and gave Zhao Shangzhi the punishment of expulsion from the party, at this time Zhao Shangzhi did not expect, This expulsion is only the first. Be loyal to the revolution and renew our efforts, and persist in resisting Japan and building miracles.
After Zhao Shangzhi was expelled from the party, he pondered for several days and nights, and he could not eat well and sleep well, but in the end he still figured it out that expulsion was an organizational matter, and whether he was revolutionary or not was a personal matter; although the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee expelled him from the party, considering his rich revolutionary experience and his outstanding performance in the struggle against the enemy for many years, most of the provincial party committee members still advocated letting him take on the mass work, and soon after he was appointed chairman of the trade union. Zhao Shangzhi's determination to dedicate himself to the anti-Japanese war has never changed.
In April 1933, Zhao Shangzhi was sent to the area of Bin County in the east of Harbin, where there was a former northeast army general Sun Chaoyang, organized the chaoyang team of the civilian anti-Japanese volunteer army, Zhao Shangzhi secretly broke into the chaoyang team and became a groom, Zhao Shangzhi first became acquainted with the subordinate soldiers, which soldier had a headache and brain fever, he went to serve tea and water, who had a big matter and a small matter, he was eager to help come up with ideas, when the rainy weather troops rested, he talked with the soldiers about the past and the present, for a while to talk about the soldiers, the country's major events, After a while, it was said that the people are the masters of the country, the people are like water, the country is like a boat, the water can carry a boat, and it can also overturn the boat, everyone thought at first that he was talking nonsense to make everyone happy, and then listened to him talk about a lot of truths that he had never heard, and then felt that this new groom was really remarkable. In a battle not long after, the Chaoyang team was surrounded by the Japanese on three sides, the situation was very dangerous, when the commander of the Volunteer Army, Sun Chaoyang, was helpless, Zhao Shangzhi stepped forward to give Sun Chaoyang an idea, let Sun Chaoyang command the team, take the bin county city garrison most of the transfer, the city defense is empty when the surprise attack on the county, so that the attack as a defense can be free to retreat, Sun Chaoyang listened to Zhao Shangzhi's advice, felt that Zhao Shangzhi had some talent
So he asked Zhao Shangzhi to elaborate, and Zhao Shangzhi spoke out about the deployment of troops, the course of the forward and rearguard operations, and so on, and spoke in an orderly manner, and the commanders and fighters present were stunned, and finally Sun Chaoyang decided to adopt Zhao Shangzhi's battle plan, Zhao Shangzhi volunteered to serve as the commander-in-chief of the operations, Sun Chaoyang immediately made a decision, did not doubt the use of personnel, agreed to Sun Chaoyang's request, that night Zhao Shangzhi led an elite force, avoided the enemy's main force and went straight to the county seat, Zhao Shangzhi ran to the county gate single-handedly. Shout to the puppet army stationed in the city, hurry up and tell the county magistrate, just say that Mr. Xiao Li Yucai wants to talk to him, Wen Tan will quickly open the door to welcome us in, if we go into the city, all of you will be punished as traitors, the enemy in the city will see the rebel army coming, and heard that It is Mr. Xiao Li who attacked bayan County, and rushed to open the city to greet him, the Chaoyang team was able to enter the county seat of Bin County, the Japanese army surrounding the main force of the Chaoyang team was also forced to retreat, and Zhao Shangzhi was appointed by Sun Chaoyang as the chief of staff. Zhao Shangzhi began to transform the Chaoyang team into the party's anti-Japanese armed forces.
In October 1933, Sun Chaoyang was deceived by the treacherous schemes of the Rikou, and the Rikou sent agents to infiltrate the troops, falsely claiming that the staff of the Guannei Volunteer Army Support Association, lured Sun Chaoyang into the pass to receive supplies, and asked him to kill Zhao Shangzhi and others, Zhao Shangzhi was forced to lead an uprising of seven party members to find the Zhuhe County Party Committee, and with the help of the Zhuhe County Party Committee, established the Zhuhe Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Group. The consequences of the Chaoyang team were not so good, Sun Chaoyang was lured by secret agents to go to Harbin by car, ready to transfer to Beiping for help, and as a result, he was arrested by the Japanese gendarmerie just after arriving in Harbin, Sun Chaoyang knew that he had been deceived, he refused to accept the persuasion, was imprisoned by the Japanese Kou, and carried out torture for half a year, Sun Chaoyang would rather die unyieldingly. Killed by the Japanese in April 1934, the Sunrise team soon broke up. Zhao Shangzhi summed up the lessons of the previous two failures, knowing that in order to enable the troops to gain a firm foothold and develop, it is necessary to establish base areas, so that the contingent has a mass base on which to survive and a rear that can rest and train
Therefore, Zhao Shangzhi planned to open up the situation from the three streams, Shihezi, and other places with a good mass base, open up guerrilla areas, and establish base areas, but because the land fell into social turmoil, so that the soldiers and bandits were everywhere, and the people regarded Zhao Shangzhi's team as bandits " bearded " , and felt very afraid, so they went door to door to buy tobacco, alcohol, fish and meat, and gave them to the guerrillas, hoping not to be infringed upon. It's the guerrillas who fight the Japanese devils, we don't want the people's stuff, it's discipline. He also instructed the hundred parents to distribute the gifts to the villagers, and then entrusted the hundred parents to buy a few pairs of straw shoes for the guerrilla fighters at their own expense, and the hundred parents bought the shoes back as promised, or they were worried about not accepting the money, Zhao Shangzhi resolutely said to the hundred parents: "If you don't want money, we can't collect these pairs of shoes, and if you want money, we will accept it." He repeatedly explained to the hundred parents that they were not bandits with beards but anti-Japanese troops
They knew that Zhao Shangzhi's team was not ordinary, but because the people did not understand what a guerrilla was for a while, they called Zhao Shangzhi "civilized beards.". After that, Zhao Shangzhi led a team to catch bandits in the nearby areas, kill traitors, fight puppets, and suppress devils, and seek justice for the people. Twenty-eight-year-old Commander Zhao was dismissed again after a series of twists and turns.
Until the beginning of 1935, this guerrilla group under the leadership of Zhao Shangzhi, developed into the Third Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army with nearly a thousand people, at this time the members of the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee organization changed, Zhao Shangzhi repeatedly requested to return to the party organization, the Manchurian Provincial Party Committee after careful investigation and consideration, believed that the previous punishment of him was inappropriate, so Zhao Shangzhi was restored to the party membership. In 1936, the Third Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army led by Zhao Shangzhi was expanded into the Third Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance, with a total of more than 6,000 people in 9 divisions under its jurisdiction, and Zhao Shangzhi, who was only 28 years old, was the commander, he was not tall, only a little more than 1 meter 6, but his courage was not small, he often led the charge as a soldier, when fighting, the guns on both sides rang, he could still ride on horseback, and shouted at the enemy without shooting, the comrades around him were worried about him, but Zhao Shangzhi completely ignored it, and someone asked him why he did not shoot. Zhao Shangzhi said triumphantly: "How many guns can be hit?" I shouted Chinese if you don't fight Chinese, you may run over to a group!" Zhao Shangzhi never put up a shelf
When he lived in his hometown, he worked with the soldiers to help the fellow villagers, helped to chop wood and sweep the floor to carry water and push the mill, so he was deeply loved by the people, he always had the soldiers in his heart, that is, there was an egg, and also let it be beaten in the soup, so that everyone could eat, the military uniform shoes were worn out, he was reluctant to change, and often took his new clothes and new shoes to change the soldiers' old clothes and broken shoes, he always wore the worst one, resulting in one time the people came to pick up Commander Zhao and took the neatly dressed lieutenant away. But he left him aside Whenever he arrived at the accommodation, he would always let the warriors with bad waist and legs go to sleep on the fire, and he would lay some grass on the ground and fall asleep
He also gave his favorite war horse to his soldiers, and he found a worse one to deal with, and this situation occurred many times; Zhao Shangzhi was resolute in resisting Japan, worried about the country and loved the people, and was very praised by the masses, and the three armies of the Anti-Japanese Coalition under his command galloped across the banks of the Songhua River and wiped out a large number of Japanese puppet armies. In December 1938, in order to seek contact with the CPC Central Committee and military assistance from the Soviet Union, the Provisional Province of North Manchuria sent Zhao Shangzhi as a representative to the Soviet Union, but unexpectedly due to untimely communication with the Soviet side, Zhao Shangzhi was detained as a Japanese agent and stayed in the Soviet Union for more than ten months, until the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, Zhao Shangzhi returned to China, and the Soviet side appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, with full authority to command the operation. After 1939, due to the continuous heavy attack of the Japanese puppet army, the anti-Japanese struggle in the northeast became extremely arduous, and the Japanese Kou once offered a reward of 10,000 yuan to arrest Zhao Shangzhi, and the bounty was later increased. "A dollar of bones and a dollar of gold, one or two pieces of meat get one or two pieces of silver." The Japanese also sent Japanese spies many times to infiltrate the anti-Japanese army in an attempt to assassinate him, but none of them succeeded, at this time, traitors within the Anti-Japanese League were frequent, and many Anti-Japanese generals were confused about the future of the Anti-Japanese Alliance and chose to defect to the enemy
Zhao Shangzhi lacked trust in his comrades, and General Qi Zhizhong, the deputy commander of the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, was mistakenly executed by Zhao Shangzhi as a capitulationist because of his negative attitude during the march. At the beginning of 1940, Zhao Shangzhi was holding a meeting in the Soviet Union, but suddenly received a letter of expulsion from the North Manchurian Provincial Party Committee, due to the false accusations of traitors and traitors, coupled with Zhao Shangzhi's temper, and some comrades had a misunderstanding, the party organization had a serious misunderstanding of Zhao Shangzhi, believing that Zhao Shangzhi was suspected of betraying the party, the North Manchurian Provincial Party Committee held a meeting and made a resolution to expel Zhao Shangzhi from the party forever, and two months later Zhao Shangzhi returned to the northeast from the Soviet Union and became the deputy commander-in-chief of the Second Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army. A year later, when Zhao Shangzhi went to the Soviet Union to attend the meeting, he was unexpectedly dismissed by some people in the North Manchuria Provincial Party Committee for "having made mistakes in speech", and he was once again dismissed from his post as deputy commander-in-chief, Zhao Shangzhi was forced to stay in the Soviet Union, and the Soviet side ate and drank well to feed him, but Zhao Shangzhi was uneasy about enjoying happiness in the golden wire cage, and he strongly demanded to return to Japan to resist Japan, even though he was no longer recognized, but his loyalty to the party remained unchanged. The general died without asking, and was loyal to the river and mountain.
In 1941, Zhao Shangzhi led a small detachment back to the northeast and carried out activities in the eastern foothills of Xiaoxing'anLing, the wise man must have a mistake, Zhao Shangzhi in the process of leading the guerrilla, accidentally absorbed a secret agent disguised as a mountain cargo old customer to join the team. On February 22, 1942, Zhao Shangzhi led a team to attack the puppet army police station in Wutong River, was secretly attacked from behind by secret agents, shot in the waist, fell to the ground, and Zhao Shangzhiqiang endured severe pain and shot back, and finally lost too much blood and was seriously injured and comatose, and was captured by the Japanese Kou. In order to understand the activities of the Anti-League
The Japanese army conducted a surprise interrogation of him, and Zhao Shangzhi had no fear and scolded the traitorous policemen on the side: "Aren't you also Chinese?" Now that you have betrayed the motherland, it doesn't matter if I die alone, I am going to die, what else is there to ask! He endured the severe pain and torture without a word, just stared at the enemy who interrogated him fiercely, and finally died heroically, the Japanese army cut off Zhao Shangzhi's head, threw the body into the Songhua River, and sent his head to Changchun for exhibition, an abbot of Changchun Banruo Temple, Master Yan Xuan came forward to get back the head of General Zhao Shangzhi and buried it in a pine forest inside the temple.
In 1982, the Heilongjiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee, reviewed zhao Shangzhi's permanent expulsion in 1940, and finally it was revealed to the world, the charges imposed on him were overturned, and General Zhao Shangzhi's party membership was restored. In 2004, the head of General Zhao Shangzhi was finally found, and he could finally rest in peace.
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