From the Two Han Dynasties to the Two Jin Dynasties, the Tan family has become a famous and prestigious family in the Jialing River Basin. The reason why it has become a famous and prestigious family is not only that it has the bloodline of the Western Zhou Royal Ji, but also that a number of representative figures with a certain influence in Chinese history have emerged, such as Tan Long, Tan Xuan, Tan Zhou, Tan Xiu, and Tan Zhong.
One
In 201 AD, Tan Zhou was born in the Western ChongGuo (present-day Southern Prefecture) of Bashi County (established during the Eastern Han Dynasty and ruled Langzhong). Shangzu Tanlong (上祖谯隆), during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, made the Shanglin Order. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ancestor Xuan Xuan was once in Zhou County, and later worshiped Lang and Moved Zhongshan. Yu Zhou's father, Yu Zi Rong, studied in the Book of Shang, also studied the zhujing and tu, wei and other techniques, and was very famous in Yizhou, but did not want to be an official, and the state government asked him to teach in the name of a teacher and friend. It can be seen that Tan Zhou was born in a family environment with a good cultural atmosphere.
However, Tan Zhou lost his father at an early age and his family fell in the middle of the road. Because his family was poor, he lived with his uncle. Since childhood, Tan Zhou has loved to read, although he is embarrassed, he refuses to devote himself to the industry, and he reads the classics tirelessly all day. After years of hard reading, Tan Zhou became a great Confucian of the Bogu Tongjing and wrote a handwritten and well-written letter. In adulthood, he is eight feet long, simple in shape, not trimmed, and has a somewhat wooden personality, but his thinking is quick and he is quite knowledgeable. When Pei Songzhi wrote a note on his biography, he quoted Wang Yin's "Book of Shu" and said: "When zhou saw the light at the beginning of the week, everyone laughed left and right. Having come out, there is a priest who asks the laughter, And Liang Yue: 'Loneliness cannot be tolerated, the situation is left and right!' ’”
Zhou Zhou met with Zhuge Liang in the second year of Shu Jianxing (223), when he was twenty-three years old. Because of his talent, Zhuge Liang was appointed to Yizhou to persuade him to engage in learning, and later promoted to Yizhou classic. Later, he served as the Prince's Family Order. During the Shu Kingdom, the last official of the Zhou Dynasty was Guanglu Dafu and so on. Entering the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Yu Zhou was awarded the title of Knight Lieutenant, Scattered Rider Chang Shi, and Marquis of Fengyang Chengting, all of whom were ill and died in Luoyang. After his death, the eldest son, Tan Xi, followed his father's instructions and transported the coffin back to his native An Han City for burial. In the thirty-eighth year (1559) of Ming Jiajing, he was buried in the west of the city; in the forty-third year of Jiajing (1564), he was buried after the county office; and at the beginning of the Wanli Calendar, he was buried in the northwest corner of the county office (that is, inside the gate of the Workers' Cultural Palace in present-day Nanchong City). On October 2, 2007, after the tomb of Tan Zhou was moved from the Workers' Cultural Palace in Nanchong City to the Ancestral Hall in Yuping Park, together with the Chen Shou Wanjuan Building, it formed an important base and characteristic attraction for the study of the culture of the Three Kingdoms.
He wrote as many as 100 works, especially historical works, which were noticed by historians from the Two Jin Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties. His major works include "The Teachings of the Prophet", "Commentary on the Analects", "TheOry of the Five Classics of Denial", "Ancient Shi Kao", "Chronicle of Foreign Objects in Bashu", "Later Han Dynasty", "Shu Benji", "Chronicle of Foreign Objects", "Chronicle of Yizhou", "Chronicle of Three Bazhi" and more than 100 kinds. Among them, the huge "Later Han Record" was not as taboo as Cao Wei, and could write the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty more truthfully, which became an important reference material for fan Ye's "Book of Later Han"; the "Biography of Sima Biao of the Book of Jin" commented: "In the beginning, Zhou Zhou used Sima Qian's "History of History" book, Zhou Qin above, or the sayings of a hundred schools of colloquialism, not specifically based on the canon, So Zhou wrote 25 "Ancient History Examinations", all based on old classics, in order to correct the fallacies." Therefore, as early as the Tang Dynasty, the "Ancient History" was hailed as a history book that could be paralleled with the "History".
The Shu Benji, the Book of Three Babas, and the Chronicle of Foreign Objects of Bashu written by Tan Zhou can be listed as Fang Zhi's works. The Huayang Guozhi Preface says: "Sima Xiangru, Yan Junping, Yang Ziyun, Yang Chengzixuan, Zheng Boyi, Yin Pengcheng, Tan Changshi, Ren Zhishi, and other biographies are used as "Benji". Among them: "谯常侍" is 谯周, the early Jin Dynasty granted the scattered riding changshi, and the "Benji" composed by the "Benji" is "Shu Benji", which belongs to the local history mainly based on people. The Book of Sampa is a collection of information that is not found in the history, geography, history, customs, folklore, and word-of-mouth legends of the country written by Brazilians. In Xiao Tong's "Selected Writings", in Zuo Si's "Shu DuFu", Liu Kui once quoted Zhou's "Chronicle of Foreign Objects of Bashu", and the cited entries were basically the same as those of "Huayang Guozhi", which shows that Chang Xuan also referred to The Chronicle of Foreign Objects of Bashu zhou when writing "Huayang Guozhi". Although these three local chronicles have been extinct, from the texts that can be seen, it can be found that the historical materials have been prepared to record the characteristics of the local history of people, places, and objects, which have a major impact on the comprehensive local chronicles that appeared later.
Another contribution of Tan Zhou is in education. In the second year of Shu Jianxing (223), "Xiang Liang led Yizhou Pastor and ordered Zhou to engage in persuasion." "Overseeing Education in Yizhou." After Jiang Huan came to power, he moved to the canonical school and was in charge of the education administration of Yizhou. In 238 AD, well-known scholars such as Tan Zhou and Li Zhen were given the title of Prince Servant of the Imperial Household Order. At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, Liang and Yi Erzhou Xianjun were mostly disciples of Tan Zhou. For example, Wen Li, who ruled the "Mao Poems" and "Three Rites", was loyal and honest, and was a famous courtier of the Jin Dynasty; Li Mi, who specialized in the "Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan Biography" and the Five Classics of Botong, was also the author of the famous "Chen Qing Table"; Luo Xian, who was both literate and martial, was known to the world for his military merits, and Chen Shou, the author of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". As the Huayang Guozhi commented, "The Marquis of Qihou (i.e., The Zhou Dynasty) revised the text in the front, and Chen Jun (i.e., Chen Shou) huan Bing, and moved to Shuanggu, and the Yingshi of the Qiqun Dynasty" were adopted. This passage gave a high evaluation to Tan Zhou and Chen Shou's master and apprentice. According to the "Old Biography of Yibu Qi", after the death of Yi Zhou, Yizhou Assassin Shi Dongyun personally painted the image of Yu Zhou and enshrined it in the State School, and Li Tong, who was engaged in the State School, also wrote a hymn and asked the students to recite it.
It is unavoidable that for two thousand years after Tan Zhou's death, he has been carrying a curse. From Sun Zhuo and Sun Sheng in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty all accused Zhou of betraying the country and having no integrity. In particular, Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a typical example of the surrender faction. In the biography of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Zhou Zhou", the author Chen Shou used objective facts to cite two articles and a song to prove that Chen Zhou was a man who understood the trend of history, hoped for the reunification of the country, and let the people live and work in peace and contentment as soon as possible.
The two articles are the "Emperor Hou Hou Shu" and the "Theory of The Enemy of the Country"; one is when the Wei general Deng Ai led more than 30,000 people from Yinping Trail to Fucheng (present-day Mianyang East), and Ma Mi, who was guarding the River Youguan, surrendered without a fight, Zhuge Zhan's father and son stationed at Fucheng had already been killed, and Wei soldiers drove straight into the siege of Chengdu. Some people suggested that Liu Chan retreat to Jiangzhong, and some people suggested defecting to Eastern Wu, at which time Tan Zhou stepped forward, vigorously defied the public opinion, analyzed the situation, Chen said what was at stake, and persuaded Liu Chan to surrender to the State of Wei, and Liu Chan adopted Yu Zhou's suggestion of surrendering to Wei, so that the Shu state could end the war early and save more people from the scourge of war.
After the later lord Liu Chan made him crown prince, he took Tan Zhou as his servant and later became a family order. At this time, Liu Chan liked to play and "increase vocal music". To this end, When Zhou Zhou wrote the "Emperor Shu Hou Hou Shu", he repeatedly stated the stakes and stakes, and finally with the phrase "those who are worried and responsible for their lives, do not have time to enjoy themselves, the aspirations of the former emperors, the church is not formed, and the time when they are sincerely not happy", they bitterly speak bitterly and vigorously discourage them; the background for writing "The Theory of The Enemy of the Country" is that "when the army traveled in the time, the people were carved, and Zhou and Shangshu ordered Chen To discuss its interests and risks, and retreated to the book, which is called the theory of national hatred."
As Sima Guang said in the Zizhi Tongjian: "It is shi (Jiang) who sends troops in the dimension, the Shu people are sad, and the Zhongsan Dafu Zhou wrote the "Theory of The Enemy of the Country" to satirize it." Hu San Province's Note: "Jiang Weishu died in battle against Shu, and died as Zhou Zhou said." As a courtier of the Shu state, Yu Zhou did his best to dissuade the emperor from loving the people and being diligent, staying away from vocal music, calming down the war, and allowing the people to cultivate and live. When all persuasion and advice were in vain, the national strength was exhausted, the Shu people were miserable, and the soldiers were oppressive, all resistance was useless except to increase death. Judging the hour and sizing up the situation, he tried his best to overcome the public opinion, and did not fear the insult of surrender, and persuaded Liu Chan to surrender to Wei to speed up the process of reunification, reduce the disasters of war, and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. Whether it was at that time or now, it is completely in line with the trend of historical development, and it also reflects the humanistic idea of the rebirth of The Noble People of Zhou.
Two
According to the 2010 edition of the Genealogy of the Tan Clan, the surname yu comes from the royal family of Tianzi Ji of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The fiefdom of Zhao Gong ji yi, who shared the name of Zhou Gongdan, was in present-day Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, and was called Zhao Di in ancient times. Ji Yi had a son, Sheng, who was enfeoffed at Yu (谯, in present-day Bo County, Anhui), and was called the State of Tan .. Later, the descendants took the country as their surname and called it The Tan Clan . During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the sons were annexed, and the state of Yu bore the brunt of it. As a result, the people of the Yu clan migrated around in order to stay away from the war, and some of them returned to the birthplace of the ancestor Ji Sheng, that is, the summoning place. After several years, some of the People of the Yu clan passed through Weishui, crossed the Qinling Mountains, and moved from Shaanxi to Bashu. To this day, Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, is still one of the Wang ethnic groups.
It can be seen from the history books and the "Genealogy of the Tan Clan" that the Tan family descended from the upper reaches of the Jialing River, settled in Langzhong, Nanfang, Xichong, Shunqing, Gaoping (such as the Tomb of the Tan Family in Longmen Town) in the Jialing River Basin, and Bazhong, Qu County, Guang'an, Huaying and other places in the Qujiang River Basin, and later spread throughout the country, a process that lasted for more than 2,700 years. According to the "Huayang Guozhi Bazhi", the Tanlong of the Western Han Dynasty and the Tan Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty who were good at teaching "Zhou Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" were both Langzhong people, and the Zhou people who appeared in the Book of Later Han, such as Tan Qing and Tan Ying (son of Tan Xuan), were also from Bashi County. In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Week of the Three Kingdoms", its protégé and author Chen Shou clearly wrote about "the people of the Western Chongguo of Brazil" when recording the Zhou Dynasty. The Huayang Guozhi also records that "The Western Chongguo County, so the Chongguo and the Emperor Shizhi." There are salt wells. The fact that the surname Hou (侯) and the surname of Hou (谯氏) is the same. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the emperor who had served as the monarch of the Later Shu dynasty was a native of Nanchong (present-day southern) in Brazil. It is obvious that there is a trend of going down the river from the upper reaches of the Jialing River, and it can also be seen that in the Two Han Dynasties and the Two Jin Dynasties, the surname in the Jialing River Basin was already one of the major clans, and there were many talents.
In the Qujiang River basin of the tributary of the Jialing River, there are also many Yu clans living together. One source is the descendants of Tan Xuan, who was good at speaking about "Zhou Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" during the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power and Xuan Xuan abandoned his official position and sneaked back to his hometown. Later, Gongsun Shu also claimed the title of emperor of Shu several times and sent people to invite him out of the mountains, but Xuan Xuan should not. Gongsun Shu was angry and forced to die, and Xuan Ziying donated his family funds to save his father's life, and the family hid in the foothills of the Guang'an Army, and later formed the Huaying, Guang'an, and Yuechi clans. There is another branch in the Qujiang River Basin, which was developed by the descendants of Tan Xiu, the grandson of Tan Zhou. In order to escape the chaos of war, Tan Xiu led his descendants to live in seclusion in Qu County and Bazhong. "Jin Yang Qiu" said: "Showy and quiet, do not make friends with the world, know that there will be chaos, and refuse to ,...... and Xiao Jing rebelled, took refuge in the canal river, and the number of feng yi of the township clan was in the hundreds. "Tangqu" is now Qu County, and "Chuanzhong" is the Qujiang River Basin. "Gongqu" was once a settlement area of cuban national sellers, and even some experts believe that the Tan clan is a branch of the ancient People, and it is the most culturally developed branch. Therefore, most of the ancestors and descendants of the Tan clan were proficient in astronomical geography, primitive Taoism, and weft numbers.
In the study of the family history of the Tan family and its representative figures, there is a very interesting phenomenon: they are all related to the Zhou Yi and the number of The Shu Wei.
The reason why "Zhou Yi" is surnamed Zhou is because "King Wen acted Zhou Yi". The surname is from the Royal Family of Zhou Tianzi's Ji surname, which naturally inherits the ancestral inheritance of the ancestors. Although ji was changed to a rumor, the cultural core of "Zhou Yi" was passed down from generation to generation. In the second year of the reign of Emperor Yong of Hancheng (15 BC), Yizhou prevaricated Xuan to go to the Han court to respond to the edict, and was awarded the title of Yilang by Emperor Cheng. Xuanzi Yuying was also long in the Zhou Yi, and served as an official in the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern Palace Guard Order. The father of Zhou Zhou was well versed in the sutras and techniques of diagrams and latitudes, and there was no doubt about the study of Zhou Yi. Yu Zhou is a master of Confucianism, and has considerable research on the Zhou Yi and even the number of Wei Wei, in the biography of the Three Kingdoms Zhi And Zhou Zhou, from the transmission and annotations, you can see the case of Zhou Zhou quoting the Zhou Yi (Zhou Yi) text to persuade Wei to surrender and to use the Zhou Yi technique to cut off people and their own lives and deaths. It can be seen that the ancestors and descendants of the Tan clan, because of the study of the Zhou Yi, were personally and family to avoid evil and live a long life. According to the "Jinyang Qiu", Tan Xiu lived for more than ninety years. And like Tan Zhou's use of the principle of "Zhou Yi", in the form of Wei Wei, insight into the yin and yang of life, nature, and society, the rise and fall of change, is difficult for ordinary people to hope.
When we talked about the integrity of the Tan Zhou earlier, we have to make a statement on the integrity of the Tan Zhou and even the Tan family.
Once, in xishan Yuping Park, a couplet was carved in the Wangjiang Tower, saying:
The head hanging beam cone pierced the bone and burned the heart and blood of ten thousand scrolls of Qing Shi cried Chen Shou
Turning over the hand cloud over the hand rain in vain pushed the heavenly fortune three lowering tables laughing at the week
Historically, some people have accused Yu Zhou of surrendering and betraying the country, without integrity, which is understandable. As some scholars in Zhou Zhou's hometown, they did not know the truth, and actually said the words of "three lowered tables and laughed at Zhou", which is really difficult for people to accept. In the biography of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou", the author Chen Shou proved that Chen Shou proved that Chen Zhou was a great brave man who had insight into historical development, knew the rise and fall of society, and did not hesitate to bear the name of a thousand years in order to reduce the harm of war and save the people from water and fire. After the unification of the State of Wei, Sima Zhao was given the title of Marquis of Jiaju for his "national" merits. As an old vassal of the Shu Kingdom, Yu Zhou was still ill. When he was dying, he also instructed his descendants to return all the clothes they had given. This is enough to prove that Yu Zhou is a person with integrity.
Not only that, but such people have also appeared frequently among the ancestors and descendants of the Yu family. According to the "Huayang Guozhi BaZhi", "Ba Junhuang, shicheng mourning world, is a counselor. Count into the advice. After violating Wang Mang. And not Shi Gongsun shu. Tell the anger and send the medicine and wine to be afraid. Jun Huang smiled, "I don't care about medicine?" His son Ying, who paid eight million yuan, was exempted. The Chinese people wrote a poem: "Purging the Qing dynasty, enforcing virtue and solidity." Disobey the orders of evil, and there is no will of the world." This poem was later compiled by Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty into the "Selected Works of Bashu Art". Tan Xiu, the grandson of Tan Zhou, is in the "Book of Jin, Alone", and there are several stories that do not lose their fame. Among them, in the second year of Jin Tai'an (303), Li Te and Li Xiong father and son led the revolt of the displaced people. Li Xiong claimed the title of empress dowager in Chengdu, and repeatedly sent people to use "Anche" to recruit, but Tan Xiu refused all of them. Later, the Jin general Huan Wen destroyed Chenghan and recommended it to the imperial court. Tan Xiu still refused to be called on the grounds of old age and illness. And his "cultivation of chastity, holding virtue and fat, Yang Qing is a wave", is widely spread in society. Shu Sheng Wang Xizhi once wrote about this matter: "Yunchen Zhou has grandchildren, noble and noble, and now that he is here, does his people have the intention of following this?" It's snubbing, and it's shown under your feet. This matter was of excellent quality and book quality, and it became one of the famous "Seventeen Theses" later. Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty admired his name and wrote a poem of seven poems entitled "Zi Tong Wang Changqing Mountain to Brazil Fu Huai Shu Xiu": "Zi Tong does not see ma Xiang, but wants to go south to ask for wine." When you go to Brazil to find a show, Brazil only has a cold. ”
Another grandson (son of Tan Xian), Tan Deng, known for his righteousness and righteousness, was once made a general of Zhonglie and an official to Zi Tong Taishou. There is a legend in the "Huayang Guozhi": "Tan Deng, the word Shen Ming, the People of the Western Chongguo of Brazil, the Zhou Sun Ye." ...... Deng Shao heard with righteousness and righteousness. "The Mianyang Tongjian records that Tan Xian was killed by Li Xiong's exile army in An HanCheng. In order to avenge his father, After unsuccessfully asking for troops, Tan Deng recruited 2,000 volunteers to raid Tangqu County, captured and executed his father's enemy Ma Tuo, and then captured Bashi County and Fuzhou. Finally, he confronted the displaced people in Fuzhou for several months, and was captured because he was starving and starving. When the exiled soldiers carried him to Li Xiong to persuade him to surrender, Yu Deng vowed not to surrender, and was eventually killed by Li Xiong.
Opening the "Genealogy of the Tan Clan", there are many, many people like this who have moral character, integrity, talent, and creation.
Three
On February 23, 2006, The 61st generation descendant of Tan Zhou and retired teacher Chen Zhengchun showed the manuscript "Genealogy of the Tan Clan" to the outside world for the first time. Although some of the page numbers of this genealogy are missing, it can still be traced back to the inheritance of the Yu family from Tang to Qing. The genealogy records that the 50th generation descendant of the Zhou Dynasty and a Ming Dynasty scholar Yu Ruoqi compiled a genealogy in the year of Ming Jiajing (1552), and posterity has successively supplemented it.
During the period from the Kangxi Dynasty to jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the "Genealogy of the Tan Clan" was also repaired once, which is a woodcut movable type print, which is now stored in the Ancestral Hall of the Gonggong. The "Chronicle of Nanchong County" edited by Qing Jiaqing in the eighteenth year and the "Chronicle of Nanchong County" edited in the eighteenth year of the Republic of China both contain the "Genealogical Order of the Tan Clan" written by the local talent Luo Weigeng. From Luo Weigeng's preface, we can see the general pulse of the Tan family. "Former Han Dynasty Emperor Huang (Zi) Xuan, Shame Gongsun Shu. Father and son are first and foremost in loyalty and filial piety. Shu Han Jin Song Yuanming, generations of sages. His clan is great".
Another interesting phenomenon is that in the "Genealogy of the Hua Ying Clan" compiled by Ming Hongzhi in the eighteenth year, Chen Shou actually wrote the "Order of the Inner Genealogy of the Tan Clan" for the first time. The prologue is written entirely in the tone of a protégé, and the sentence is "Promoted to Ping Yuan Nian in Ding Wei Zhongchun Ji, and protégé Chen Shoumu wrote a continuation of the preface". If this preface is true, it is the only genealogical order of Chen Shou that we can see, which has extremely important historical and research value.
There are many descendants of The Zhou Dynasty living in and around Nanchong, there are many cultural sites and legends, there are still a large number of poems about the Zhou Dynasty in the Zhishu and other documents, and there are extremely rich resources and advantages for the study of the Zhou Dynasty, the Yu Family and even the Culture of the Three Kingdoms and the Jialing River, if we can study and excavate in depth, it will play an extremely important role in promoting the development of Nanchong's economic, social and cultural undertakings.