The 83-year-old Du Xiujing once recalled this scene:
When Wang Erzhu went to chase after his former subordinate Yuan Chongquan, I was present, and the two of them had always had a good relationship, that is, they were classmates and fellow countrymen. When Yuan Chongquan defected, Wang Erzhu was extremely unbelieving, believing that this fellow friend would never betray the revolution.
Saying that he was going to chase, Yuan Chongquan would definitely be able to change his mind, even if Lin Biao, as a subordinate, reminded him to use force to solve it, Wang Erzhu still firmly believed in his own views.
In the end, when he chased Yuan Chongquan, he was shot and killed by the other party by grabbing his neck.
Wang Erzhuo was only 25 years old when he died, and after learning of his sacrifice, thousands of Red Army soldiers lost their voices and wept bitterly, and Zhu De sighed with tears: Fold me a member can be!
Mao Zedong, Chen Yi and others were like fish in their throats, and their mood was extremely sad.
For Wang Erzhuo's sacrifice, not only Mao Zedong and Zhu De and others regretted it, but even later generations, and even more people said bluntly: If Wang Erzhuo did not die young, he was absolutely at the marshal level when he was awarded the title in 1955, of which Professor Jin Yinan once mentioned in the book that he would be a marshal if he did not die, and even Lin Biao would be difficult to ascend to the throne.
So what exactly did Wang Erzhuo experience? Can so many people feel sorry for him?
This issue will take you to understand the legendary deeds of the older generation of revolutionaries Wang Erzhuo, if you are a reader who likes to understand history, you may wish to calm down and read it, maybe you will gain something.
Wang Erzhuo's only photograph left
Wang Erzhuo, zi yunpu, born in 1903, is a native of Guanqiao Village, Shimen County, Hunan Province.
Wang Erzhuo's family is also a big family in the village, and the family is very well-off. Thanks to the good economic conditions provided by his family, Wang Erzhu received a solid cultural education and was quite knowledgeable.
Contrary to his parents' expectations, Wang Erzhu did not like to honestly return to his hometown or go out to the city to find a decent job, when the wave of the Great Revolution swept the country, Wang Erzhuo heard that Guangzhou had newly established the Whampoa Military Academy, so he came to vote.
The year he arrived in Guangzhou, he successfully passed the huangpu first admissions examination, and with excellent results, he became the captain of the first team of huangpu phase I.
At that time, the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek was the principal, and the director of the Political Department was our beloved Premier Zhou.
Zhou Enlai was very appreciative of Wang Erzhuo, and often summoned Wang Erzhuo to talk about ancient and modern China and foreign countries, about the revolutionary situation, and about China's future.
In one conversation after another, the two were impressed by each other, Zhou Enlai liked this ideologically progressive and capable student, while Wang Erzhuo longed for Marxism because of Director Zhou.
At the end of 1924, after the test of Zhou Enlai, Wang Erzhuo was absorbed into a glorious Communist Party member.
Since the Whampoa Military Academy was for the purpose of cultivating military talents for the great cause of the Northern Expedition, the revolutionary situation was urgent, so the training courses were all "fast-paced."Wang Erzhuo enrolled in June and officially completed the first phase in less than half a year.
Originally, those young people with lofty ideals applied for the Whampoa Military Academy in order to kill the enemy and make military merits. Most of them entered the army after graduation, starting from platoon commanders and company commanders, and grew up step by step. However, Wang Erzhuo was too good and was retained by Zhou Enlai.
Zhou Enlai
In today's parlance, it means that he "stayed in school to teach". Therefore, after Wang Erzhuo graduated, he continued to serve as a captain and party representative in the second and third phases of the Whampoa Military Academy.
Some people say that this optical theory cannot be done without actual combat, and Wang Erzhuo was left in school, when will there be a battle? Needless to say, the student army of the Whampoa Military Academy is not easy to fight! At the end of 1924, the warlord Chen Jiongming conspired with the head of the Guangzhou merchant group to jointly overthrow Sun Yat-sen's Guangzhou government, and the famous "Guangzhou Merchant Rebellion" occurred.
In the counterinsurgency, our party helped Sun Yat-sen mobilize the student army in Huangpu to participate in the counter-rebellion, of which Wang Erzhuo was responsible for commanding the student detachment and cooperating with other counterinsurgency forces to quell the people who committed this rebellion.
In early January of the following year, Chen Jiongming, who was entrenched in the Chaoshan region, prepared to directly attack Guangzhou with the assistance of the British and Duan Qirui.
Chen Jiongming was like a tumor on his body, if he didn't cut him first, anything he did would become a hidden danger, not to mention the Northern Expedition in the future. Therefore, the revolutionary government in Guangzhou, with the help of the Communist Party, with the Huangpu Student Army as the main force, launched a crusade against the land occupied by Chen Jiongming's rebels.
During this crusade, Wang Erzhuo served as a company party representative of the First Teaching Regiment of the Whampoa Student Army, and was promoted to battalion commander because of his bravery and command.
At the end of June, after Chen Jiongming was basically finished, Wang Erzhu returned to Guangzhou with his army and continued to counterattack the troops of the Dian and Gui armies.
Chen Jiongming
Everyone knows that Chen Geng, Jiang Xianyun, and He Zhihan enjoy a high reputation among Huangpu students, because the military and political qualities are very prominent, and both the Kuomintang and the Communists are fighting for their three talents. Among them, Chen Geng and Jiang Xianyun were communists with a clear stance, while He Zhihan gradually turned to the Kuomintang.
In March 1926, the Zhongshan ship, which was captained by Communist Party member Li Zhilong, was ordered to move, but was framed for acting without authorization and plotting misconduct.
In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's criticism, Wang Erzhuo, together with Chen Geng and Chiang Xianyun of the Huangpu Sanjie, fought Against Chiang Kai-shek three times, leaving Chiang Kai-shek speechless.
In the end, Chiang Kai-shek was angry and scolded Wang Erzhuo for being a disobedient student, but Wang Erzhu was not willing to show weakness, and for a time, the two sides were like a debate match, full of voices.
But even so, Chiang Kai-shek still could not bear to lose these generals, so he often privately invited Huangpu Sanjie and Wang Erzhuo to his office to talk, and the officials made wishes to win them over, frequently suggesting that there was meat to eat after the principal.
Chiang Kai-shek
However, Wang Erzhuo, Chen Geng and Jiang Xianyun always talked only about the revolution and the great cause of the Northern Expedition, only expressed their loyalty to the revolution, and kept a distance from Chiang Kai-shek's personal co-optation.
After chiang kai-shek's many talks, He Zhihan gradually changed his position and began to move closer to the Kuomintang, expressing his loyalty to the principal and drawing a clear line with the Communist Party.
Later, He Zhihan did indeed become an official as he wished, and became a high-ranking official of the Kuomintang, but his military achievements were far inferior to those of Wang Erzhuo, Chen Geng, and others.
In the summer of 1926, Wang Erzhuo was appointed by our party to lead more than forty outstanding Communist Party cadets of the Whampoa Military Academy into the advance team of the Eastern Road of the Northern Expeditionary Army, and Wang Erzhuo served as the party representative of this unit.
In September, the troops invaded Jiangxi, and in three battles to besiege Nanchang City, Wang Erzhuo led his troops to kill the enemy bravely, and the battle was outstanding. At a time when the rift between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is getting bigger and bigger, the two parties are about to part ways.
Such a talented soldier as Wang Erzhuo not only knows how to fight but is also very loyal to the revolution, and Chiang Kai-shek loves him in his heart, but still desperately wants to win him. In the early spring of 1927, when the troops advanced into Shanghai, two people suddenly came from the army, claiming to be from Principal Jiang, and wanted to "teach Wang Erzhuo face to face."
All the princes knew with their heels that these two people must be Chiang Kai-shek's confidants, and the so-called "face-to-face instruction" with Wang Erzhuo was to help Chiang Kai-shek bring words and persuade Wang Erzhu to defect to the Kuomintang.
Chiang Kai-shek's conditions were very generous, as long as Wang Erzhuo approved and made a few more military achievements, he would be directly promoted to commander!
Captains! It should be known that He Zhihan was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, and that he had just come out of Huangpu as a division-level director, and most of the other Huangpu cadets were squad leaders, and it was rare for a better company commander to become a battalion commander.
It is conceivable that Chiang Kai-shek's promise to promote Wang Erzhuo to become a military commander can also be regarded as a bloody cost.
However, in the face of Chiang Kai-shek's inducements, Wang Erzhuo was not moved, and said that he only wanted to complete the great cause of the Northern Expedition as soon as possible, and then disarm and return to the field. As long as you can do things for the revolution, you don't care about the level of official positions.
As soon as the two Chiang Kai-shek confidants heard this, they knew that this persuasion was no longer effective. Since Wang Erzhuo was determined to follow the Communist Party, then in the future, the two parties officially broke up, and Wang Erzhuo was used by the enemy, and Chiang Kai-shek naturally could not tolerate it. The two henchmen were instructed to carry out another plan - to get rid of Wang Erzhuo!
Soon, Wang Erzhuo noticed the abnormality of the troops, and just when they were preparing to sweep away the Communists in the advance team, Wang Erzhuo took the lead and broke away from the advance team with all the Communists and some ideologically progressive soldiers.
After arranging for the comrades to disperse and transfer, in April 1927, Wang Erzhu went to Shanghai to look for Zhou Enlai.
In Shanghai, Wang Erzhu found Zhou Enlai and told him what had happened to the advance team. At this time, the Kuomintang right wing on Chiang Kai-shek's side was excluding Communists from various posts and forcing comrades in the middle of the position to choose sides. Many people are not members of the Communist Party and have had to leave their posts because they are suspected of being Communists.
As the situation became more severe, Zhou Enlai came to Wuhan with Wang Erzhu in May.
Half a year ago, Wang Erzhu sent a letter to his family, asking his wife to bring her daughter to Wuhan to reunite with her. He secretly rented a house in Wuhan for his wife and daughter to live in when they came to briefly meet.
His wife Zheng Fengcui was Wang Erzhuo's playmate, the two had a very deep relationship, and their parents were happy to complete the lovers, so Wang Erzhu married Zheng Fengcui in 1923.
Shortly after the marriage, Zheng Fengcui was already pregnant for more than three months, at this time Wang Erzhu heard the news of the enrollment of the Huangpu Military Academy in Guangzhou, so he bid farewell to his parents and wife, and was admitted to the Huangpu Military Academy together with his compatriot Zheng Dongguo, who later became a famous general in the National Army.
Before leaving, Wang Er touched his wife's stomach and said that he did not know whether it would be a boy or a girl in the future. Zheng Fengcui proposed to give the future child a name, Wang Erzhu said: "Giving birth to a child is your dependence, giving birth to a daughter is your companion, giving birth to a child is named After Zuo, and giving birth to a daughter is named Guifang!" ”
A few months later, Zheng Fengcui gave birth to a baby girl, so she followed her husband's words and named her daughter Wang Guifang.
Wang Guifang grew up day by day, but she never saw her father. Zheng Fengcui and her husband could not meet for a long time, and could only hide their thoughts in their hearts every day, take care of their families more wholeheartedly, and secretly pray in their hearts that the revolution would be victorious as soon as possible and her husband would be safe and triumphant.
When he received a letter from Wang Erzhu asking him to take his daughter to Wuhan for a reunion, it had been three years since her husband had resigned from the army. After seeing the letter, Zheng Fengcui was eager to fly to Wuhan immediately. She quickly packed her bags, carried her daughter and set off.
From Hunan to Wuhan, the traffic in the Republic of China period was still very underdeveloped, and now we can get there in a few hours, and Zheng Fengcui has walked for many months.
One day in June 1927, zheng Fengcui, a dusty servant, finally took her daughter's hand and stood in front of the house agreed upon in her husband's letter, but several knocks on the door were not answered.
Zheng Fengcui took her daughter to find a hotel nearby, and would knock on the door every day, but she never waited for her husband to open the door to meet her. Zheng Fengcui asked people about Wang Erzhuo, but he didn't get half a word.
Seeing that the coil was about to end, and in the delay, I was afraid that the mother and daughter could only beg along the street and walk back to Hunan, Zheng Fengcui had to tearfully write a note, tucked it through the gap between the doors and windows, and told her husband that he could not wait for anyone and had to leave.
Why did Wang Erzhuo, who had to do what he said, renege on his word this time? And the pigeon that released his wife and daughter?
In fact, this is no wonder wang Erzhuo, because the situation in Wuhan is not optimistic, forced by the wind is getting tighter, Wang Erzhuo can not live here for a long time to wait for his wife and daughter, can only leave first.
When Wang Erzhuo took the risk of returning to Wuhan under a pseudonym in early July, he opened the house and saw the note written by his wife, sad from the heart, guilty.
"Why don't you think about the reunion of flesh and blood, why don't you love family intimacy... In order to let thousands of mothers and children live a good life, so that the white-haired elderly can enjoy their lives, the child has decided to promise the country with his body! The revolution did not succeed and vowed not to return home. Fengcui's parents are both dead, and I hope that the adults will treat their daughter-in-law kindly, and see Fengcui as if they were seeing children. ”
Under the lamp at night, Wang Erzhuo put thousands of thoughts and endless guilt in his heart into these few hundred words, and this "letter of entrustment" was sent to his hometown in Hunan to be personally enlightened by the old father, full of the wanderer's loyalty and filial piety to the homeland, full of the husband's deep guilt for his wife and children.
According to scholars' research, zheng fengcui arrived in Wuhan and Wang Erzhuo left urgently, a difference of only a few days.
A few days after Zheng Fengcui was in a hurry and had to leave, Wang Erzhuo secretly returned to Wuhan, and history made a merciless joke for the couple.
In the middle of summer, Wang Jingwei in Wuhan also began to clean up the party, and countless Communist Party members who had no time to flee died innocently and tragically under the knife of the Kuomintang reactionaries.
The atrocities of the Kuomintang made the Communists determined to resist armed resistance for survival, and Wang Erzhuo and Zhou Enlai secretly went to Nanchang together to plan the Nanchang Uprising.
After the Nanchang Uprising, Wang Erzhu followed the troops commanded by Zhu De south to Guangdong, and Zhou Enlai and Wang Erzhu were separated, but neither of them knew that this difference was permanent.
Wang Erzhuo's troops stayed behind at Sanheba and received the news that the main force of the rebel army had failed in Guangdong, so Zhu De and Wang Erzhuo and others had no choice but to go to the border of Fujian and Gansu.
Along the way, this remnant army was constantly surrounded and blocked and attacked by local armed forces, and more and more wounded and sick people were left behind and scattered. In order to boost morale, Wang Erzhuo took the initiative to help the wounded soldiers carry heavy loads, and along the way they sang military songs and told stories of foreign revolutionary struggles.
Always fighting around, Wang Erzhuo's beard was too late to clean up, getting longer and longer. Wang Erzhuo simply said that if the revolution is not successful, he will not shave!
Comrade He Changgong smiled and said to Wang Erzhuo: "You are more and more like Comrade Marx!" ”
The warriors liked to listen to Wang Erzhuo tell the story of the Three Kingdoms, and when they listened more, they simply called Wang Erzhuo "The Duke of Beautiful Hair".
Later, Zhu De, Chen Yi, and Wang Erzhu led a surprise attack on Yizhang County, captured more than a thousand guns with wisdom and victory, and developed the team to more than a thousand people. Soon Chiang Kai-shek mobilized tens of thousands of people to exterminate them, and when the situation was critical, they found that there was still a contingent of Comrade Mao Zedong in the Jinggangshan area!
At Jinggangshan, Zhu Mao served as the commander of the Red Army, Mao Zedong as the party representative, and Wang Erzhuo was appointed chief of staff and commander of the 28th Regiment.
Chiang Kai-shek would not sit idly by while the Red Army grew, and frequently mobilized heavy troops to encircle and suppress them. In the anti-encirclement and suppression operations, the Twenty-eighth Regiment commanded by Wang Erzhuo fought bravely and was known for its iron feet, often interspersed with rapid movements, hitting the enemy army and fleeing with the wind and noise.
Because the Twenty-eighth Regiment was as fast as the wind, it soon had the nickname of "Flying Corps", and Wang Erzhuo, as the leader of the regiment, was even more famous.
Just when the revolutionary cause of Jinggangshan was getting more and more prosperous, the superiors who practiced the theory of urban center came. They demanded that the Zhumao Red Army abandon Jinggangshan and instead develop towards the Hunan region and seize important cities. Although Zhu De and Mao Zedong and Wang Erzhu all believed that it was absolutely impossible, they could not be violated.
In the end, the Twenty-ninth Regiment was taken away to attack Hunan, and the Twenty-ninth Regiment was newly formed, most of them peasants in Hunan, who missed their hometown and naturally tended to favor returning to Hunan. Zhu De was worried that this army would suffer a great loss, so he and Wang Erzhuo took the twenty-eighth regiment to respond, and found an opportunity to persuade them to return.
As a result, the Red Army had poor weapons at hand, let alone rich experience in attacking tough battles, and the Twenty-ninth Regiment was not strong in combat effectiveness shortly after its establishment, and was quickly defeated by the enemy.
Although the Twenty-eighth Regiment tried its best to save each other, the soldiers of the Twenty-ninth Regiment who finally returned to the regiment were only more than a hundred people. At this time, the enemy laid down another net of heaven and earth, and Zhu De and Wang Erzhu discussed preparing to lead their troops back to Jinggangshan.
Yuan Chongquan, the battalion commander of the second battalion of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, was originally a rich young master, and he was also generous and enthusiastic at the beginning of his military service, but it was only three minutes of heat, and he had already had enough of the hard life in the Red Army, so he lured the soldiers of the six companies under his command and marched with him in the direction of the enemy - he wanted to surrender to the enemy Liu Shiyi's department.
At that time, Su Yu and Zhao Erlu, the commanders of the fourth company of the second battalion, discovered Yuan Chongquan's intention to defect and cleverly led the four companies to quietly break away. Soon, Zhu De and Wang Erzhu learned that Yuan Chongquan was wrapped up in two companies to surrender to the enemy.
Zhu De advocated that as long as yuan chongquan was captured, the other soldiers would change their minds. Lin Biao, as the commander of the battalion under Wang Erzhuo, even bluntly said that Yuan Chongquan had long been shaken and should be solved by force, but Wang Erzhu did not want the Red Army soldiers to bleed anymore, he believed that he was close to the soldiers, and Yuan Chongquan was his close confidant, even a fellow countryman, saying that he was sure that he could persuade them to return to the revolutionary ranks.
Even if Yuan Chongquan insists on going his own way, I can always bring back those warriors who have been blinded by traitors!
On August 25, 1928, Wang Erzhuo set out with his troops, and in the evening, the two companies that defected were on the hill. When Wang Erzhu approached, the soldiers who sent the sentry quickly recognized him, and without any resistance, returned to the team. In this way, Wang Erzhuo, who had great prestige among the warriors, came to a temple on the hillside.
At this time, Yuan Chongquan was playing mahjong, and Wang Erzhuo walked to the temple door and shouted into the house: "Old Yuan, Old Du, come out, I will take you back!" ”
After entering the door, Yuan Chongquan walked out with a gun, and Wang Erquan asked him to return to the revolutionary ranks, but Yuan Chongquan always disagreed, so the two had a dispute, who knew that Yuan Chongquan suddenly grabbed Wang Erzhuo's collar and fired several shots at his neck.
The soldiers saw that Wang Erzhu had been shot, and without making any sound, he collapsed on the ground and did not move.
Wang Erzhu may not have been able to understand from beginning to end that his original magnificent life would actually be killed by his subordinates who had always been optimistic when he recovered his former subordinates, and he did not have the slightest defense. It's like Xiao Heyue chasing Han Xin, but Han Xin suddenly came back to the carbine, (as a reader and author, I really can't accept it.) ）
Fortunately, Wang Erzhu's move was not in vain, and the officers and men of two companies may have remembered their old kindness and finally chose to return to the revolutionary ranks. Mao Zedong spoke highly of this move: In the situation at that time, Wang Erzhuo's sacrifice was exchanged for two companies, stabilizing the Red Army and saving the revolution!
Only in the chaotic night, Yuan Chongquan still took away a platoon and turned to Liu Shiyi.
The fate of the traitor is naturally that everyone will be punished!
Half a month later, on September 13, 1928, the Red Army captured Suichuan County and captured Yuan Chongquan, a traitor. Yuan Chongquan was tried and shot in the midst of the soldiers' angry scolding, paying for his shameless act of brutally killing Wang Erzhuo's chief of staff.
In the golden autumn of October, the wind on the mountains swept the autumn leaves, and in the solemn venue, the soldiers of the Red Army held a memorial meeting for the unfortunate sacrifice of the chief of staff.
Mao Zedong's union expressed the endless sorrow of the Red Army for losing such an excellent commander and fighter:
"One cries Erzhuo, the second cries Erzhuo, Erzhu is now gone, but who bears the heavy responsibility?"
Born as a class, died as a class, how about after class? Get the winner' side! ”
The moment the news of Wang Erzhuo's murder reached Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong was like a fish in his throat, and he had always looked at Wang Erzhuo's talents, so he sighed in the bang, "Wang Erzhuo is now dead, who else can take on heavy responsibilities?" ”
Zhu De sighed with tears: "Fold me a member can be ah!" ”
Mao Zedong and Zhu De
After Wang Erzhuo's sacrifice, for a time, Mao Zedong really had difficulty finding a candidate to take on the big responsibility, and later Zhu Decai suggested that Lin Biao be brought up.
No one knows what the trajectory of the Red Army general, who was only 25 years old at the time of his death, would have been if he had not been brutally killed by traitors.
You must know that at the age of 25, one of the battalion commanders under his command is Lin Biao, the marshal of the republic, and one of the company commanders under his command is Su Yu, the general of the republic.
Kim Il Nam
When Major General Jin Yinan was compiling the book "Blood and Glory", he wrote: "If Wang Erzhuo does not sacrifice himself, he will be a marshal!" ”
Not only that, Major General Jin Yinan said that if Wang Erzhuo did not sacrifice, Lin Biao's promotion would not be so fast.
It should be known that after Wang Erzhuo's sacrifice, Mao Zedong could not find anyone to replace him for a while, and only Zhu De concurrently served as the leader of the regiment, and it is no wonder that Zhu De could not hide his sadness until the end of 1928, when he suggested that Lin Biao be brought up.
"On August 25, 1928, at the age of 25, he died under the gun of a traitor, still with a long hair and floating on his chest."
- "Blood Glory"
Wang Erzhu missed the reunion with his wife and daughter, missed the founding of New China, and lost the opportunity to repay his parents.
As Wang Erzhuo said in his letter to his father, he was a warrior who never feared or flinched, and he lay on the road to the happiness of millions of people.
In 1949, the people's government of Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province, spontaneously erected a monument for Wang Erzhuo, and Admiral Xiao Ke personally wrote an inscription for him.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, Premier Zhou came to inspect the recently completed Museum of Revolutionary History, and looked at the comrades-in-arms who fought together in the past, and Premier Zhou's eyes were moist.
However, when he found that under the column of his old comrade-in-arms Wang Erzhuo, there were no photos.
The staff explained that the martyr Wang Erzhu died early, leaving very few images, and the museum has not been able to find it at present. After Premier Zhou listened, he immediately instructed the staff to communicate with the archives and other aspects to request assistance, and be sure to "do everything possible to find Wang Erzhuo's photo!" ”
On September 14, 2009, Wang Erzhuo was named "100 Heroic And Exemplary Figures who made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China." ”
I would like to commemorate the martyr Wang Erzhuo with this article, where there are good years, but someone carries the weight for you to move forward, today's happiness is not easy to come by, do not forget the martyrs, forge ahead.
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