Chinese historiography developed into the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty, and formed the Qianjia School of Examination Evidence, which specialized in sorting out and proofreading historical materials. During this period, there were many talents in the Examination School, and Zhao Yi was one of the representative figures.
Zhao Yi's historical status was established during his lifetime, but due to the background of the era at that time, his scholarship was not valued. After arriving in Jiaqing, the country was in many places, the world was in decline, scholars no longer focused on the study of evidence, and began to care about real social problems, and Zhao Yi's historiography was more and more valued by scholars. By the late Qing Dynasty, more historians paid attention to Zhao Yi's historiography.
Later scholars have rich research results on Zhao Yi and his scholarship, but they mainly focus on Zhao Yi's life experience, historical thoughts and methods, achievements in the study of evidence, compilation of historical books, and correction of historical materials. In Zhao Yi's research on Tang history, scholars do not pay much attention to it, so there is room for in-depth analysis and expansion.
This paper intends to explore the characteristics of Zhao Yi's research on Tang history through a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the achievements and contributions of Zhao Yizhi's Tang history, and comparison with the achievements of Qian Daxin and Wang Mingsheng in Tang history. Through Zhao Yi's analysis of the influence of some modern scholars on the history of the Tang Dynasty, the influence of Zhao Yi's historical ideas and methods on future generations is highlighted, and the historical status of Zhao Yi is more objectively and fairly evaluated.
Zhao Yi's perception of Tang Dynasty figures
The canonical system was an important tool for the ancient Chinese dynasty to govern the country, which embodied the basic structure of a country and also reflected the rise and fall of a generation of chaos. As one of the representatives of the Qianjia Examination School, Zhao Yi attached great importance to the study and examination of the canonical system of successive dynasties. He sorted out and examined the literature of the Tang Dynasty, deeply analyzed the canonical system of the Tang Dynasty, and summarized the development and changes of the Tang Dynasty system in order to learn from the actual society.
Zhao Yi's investigation of the origins of Officials in the Tang Dynasty had a certain guiding and enlightening effect on later scholars. Zhao Yi examined some of the titles derived from the Tang Dynasty imperial examinations, such as "Zhuangyuan Tanhua", "Sanyuan", "Lifting People", "Special Gifts", "Seat Lord's Protégé Ceremony", "Same Year", and so on.
Zhao Yi attaches great importance to the evaluation of historical figures, especially the evaluation of emperors. His evaluation of the emperors of the Tang Dynasty mainly focused on the evaluation of Tang Taizong and Wu Zetian.
Zhao Yi's comments on tang dynasty figures are not limited to traditional ethics and morality, but can jump out of this barrier and make a more objective and rational evaluation. Evaluating the deeds of the emperor is also to serve reality and reflect his ideas of practical application. Linking historical figures with the rise and fall of the country, believing that the individual abilities and conduct of the emperor are related to the rise and fall of the country, commending the figures who are beneficial to the country and martyrs, and reprimanding the figures who are harmful to the country.
Zhao Yi's research on the historical sources of the two "Books of Tang" and other aspects
The Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang are two canonical histories of the Tang Dynasty, both in the genre of Ji Chuan, which are the most basic historical materials and tools for studying the history of the Tang Dynasty. Both books are of high value for studying the history of the Tang Dynasty, but both have some disadvantages, and people have many inconveniences when using them. Zhao Yi's examination of the two "Books of Tang" is mainly concentrated in the "Examination of the Yu Cong" and the "Notes", mainly on the collation and analysis of their compilation style and text, which is more convenient for us to use the two "Books of Tang" to study the history of the Tang Dynasty.
Zhao Yi pointed out that the first half of the Old Book of Tang, that is, huichang before the original text of the national history and the actual record, and then because there was no original copy, it was taken from the "Chao Bao Mu". Zhao Yi proved through examples and penmanship analysis that the first half of the Old Book of Tang used the original text of the national history. Zhao Yi believes that this is due to the problem of historical sources, that is, it is based on the original text of the national history, so it is called.
"Historical style examples, referred to as historical examples, refer to the internal organizational structure and expression requirements of history books." Zhao Yi attached great importance to the investigation of the two "Books of Tang" and analyzed the gains and losses of the two "Books of Tang" styles.
Zhao Yi believes that the shortcomings of the style of the Old Book of Tang are that there is no "Bing Zhi" and it is impossible to record the Tang Dynasty's system of military uniforms and horseback riding; without the "Electoral History", it is impossible to examine the evolution of the Tang Dynasty's Jinshi and Ming Classics; there is no "Biography of princesses" in the biography, and it is impossible to record the deeds of Princess Anle and Princess Taiping; these examples are enough to prove the improper and sloppy compilation of the Old Book of Tang, which is exactly the shortcomings of the Old Book of Tang.
Zhao Yi also examined the gains and losses of the New Book of Tang style. The advantage of the New Book of Tang system is the addition of the missing examples of the Old Book of Tang.
Zhao Yi also examined the mistakes in the style of the New Book of Tang. Song Qi also set up two volumes in the New Book of Tang, "General of the Emperor" and "Patriarch and Prime Minister", and Zhao Yi believed that such an establishment was "also meaningless" and unnecessary. The establishment of the "Fan General" door is easy to confuse the reader's era.
The "calligraphy" of history books, that is, the brushwork, is the same way that historians use when compiling history books. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the ancient Literature Movement was revived again, and historians of the Northern Song Dynasty greatly respected the "Spring and Autumn Brushwork" and used the Spring and Autumn Brushwork to write the New Book of Tang. Zhao Yi disapproved of this calligraphy of the New Book of Tang, advocating straight writing and opposing curved pens. Zhao Yi pointed out that "Wen Zhi is a core, so it is called Liang Shiye". Emphasizing the importance of a straight book, he criticized the new Book of Tang's calligraphy.
Zhao Yi's methods and historical thought on Tang history
In the history of the development of Chinese historiography, Qian Jia's study of evidence is of great importance, and its representative figures include Zhao Yi, Qian Daxin, and Wang Mingsheng. All three were outstanding examiners, and their writings were highly regarded by later historians. Regarding the difference between the three examination histories, Mr. Zhang Shunhui Yun said: "Qian's detailed examination of the similarities and differences in the text, the interpretation of the system of famous objects, and the correction of the falsification of the facts of the original book; the Wang family focuses on the examination of the canonical system, and also corrects the interpretation of sentences; the Zhao family is partial to the comprehensive comparison of historical events, each with its own strengths, and uses each other." It can be seen that Qian and Wang mainly focus on examining interpretation, that is, examining history; while Zhao Yi focuses on history, that is, on the basis of examining historical events.
Zhao Yi used a variety of historical examination methods to sort out historical materials and make comments. His most commonly used methods of examining history include poetic evidence, inductive method, comparative method, dialectical analysis method, etc. In the process of examining the history of tang, Zhao Yi also embodied his historical ideas, such as the application of the classics, the general history view, and the orthodox view. These historical ideas and methods play an important role in the research of later generations of scholars.
The influence of Tang Dynasty historiography
Zhao Yi's historical status was established during his lifetime, but due to the background of the era at that time, his scholarship was not valued. Zhao Yi lived in the Qianjia era when examination evidence was popular, scholars advocated examination evidence, praise and criticism were denounced as virtual learning, Zhao Yizhi history was not limited to examination, but took the classics as the purpose, this style deviated from mainstream scholarship, so it was not valued by the academic circles at that time. However, Zhao Yi had a deep friendship with Wang Mingsheng and Qian Daxin at the same time. The three of them were all representatives of the Qianjia Kao School, similar in age, not far from each other, and all of them were knowledgeable, so they also influenced each other academically. Qian Daxin wrote the preface to the Notes and praised the book.
Li Baotai also said in the preface written for the Twenty-Second Chronicle that Zhao Yi had "the talent of the world and the knowledge of the crown and the ancients." After Jiaqing, the country has many deaths, the world has declined, and due to changes in current events, the study style has also changed. Scholars no longer focus on the study of evidence, began to care about real social problems, sought the way to strengthen the country and resist humiliation, and began to pay attention to the study of the classics, and Zhao Yi's historiography was more and more valued by scholars.
By the late Qing Dynasty, more historians paid attention to Zhao Yi's historiography. Modern scholars' research on Zhao Yi has become more and more in-depth, and the content of research has become more and more abundant, which shows the far-reaching influence of Zhao Yi's historiography. The influence of Tang historiography as part of Zhao Yi's historiography is also extremely far-reaching.
epilogue:
The study of Zhao Yi's history of the Tang Dynasty is an important aspect of understanding his historical achievements. Zhao Yi's research on Tang history is mainly concentrated in the "Twenty-two Historical Notes" and "Examination of the Yu Cong", and his research on Tang history is fruitful. He conducted detailed examinations of the canonical system, historical events and characters, and literature.
Zhao Yi combed and examined the documents of the Tang Dynasty, deeply analyzed the tang dynasty's canonical system, and summarized the development and changes of the Tang dynasty system in order to learn from the real society; he also paid great attention to the evaluation of historical figures, especially the evaluation of emperors; he also discussed historical events, mainly focusing on the reasons for the decline and fall of the Tang Dynasty and some specific historical events; in addition, Zhao Yi also made a meticulous study of the ancient literature movement and poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which has a reference effect on our study of Tang Dynasty literature.
Zhao Yizhi's historiography of the Tang Dynasty not only had an impact on the scholars of the time, but also had a considerable influence on modern scholars. Zhao Yi, Wang Mingsheng, and Qian Daxin were all representatives of qianjia's study of the study of the tang dynasty, and the three historians had their own characteristics in studying the history of Tang Dynasty; they were in the same period, they were very knowledgeable, and the fields of governance were also very similar, not only in close exchanges.
There is also mutual influence in academic terms. Zhao Yi's study of Tang history is also very influential on modern and contemporary scholars, especially those who study general history, such as Chen Yuan, Qian Mu, Lü Simian, Fan Wenlan, and so on. Therefore, systematically sorting out Zhao Yi's research on Tang history is not only meaningful for the study of Zhao Yi personally, but also very helpful for people to better sort out the context of modern Tang history research.
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