Fang Zhimin wax figure
"The enemy can only cut off our heads, and must not shake our faith!" For the doctrine of our faith is the truth of the universe! Sacrificing for communism, shedding blood for the Soviets, that is what we are very willing to do! Fang Zhimin wrote in "Lovely China".
Fang Zhimin is an excellent member of the Communist Party of China and a soldier of the people, and deserves to be remembered by the people forever. He was arrested and killed in 1935 at the age of 36.
Fang Zhimin and his wife Miao Mei have a total of five children, four sons and one daughter. Miao Mei told others that Fang Zhimin liked a couplet the most and used the couplet to name the children.
The content of the couplet is "Four things planted in the garden, green pine and green bamboo white plum orchid." So he named his children "pine, cypress, bamboo, plum, and orchid."
Unfortunately, at that time, the war was raging, and the husband and wife were in important positions, unable to take care of their children personally, and were forced to leave the children to others to take care of.
Fang Zhimin and his wife Miao Mei
As a result, some children starve to death because of the harsh environment; some children die of malnutrition and illness; and some simply lose contact and cannot be found because of many years. In the end, only one daughter, Fang Mei, remained of the five children.
It was 1932, and Fang Mei was born. This year, the enemy organized 400,000 troops and opened the fourth encirclement and suppression of the Soviet zone.
At that time, the enemy had rushed to the edge of the village, and Miao Mei suddenly felt a stomachache, and Fang Mei was born at this urgent moment. But this does not mean that the two are safe, because Miao Mei's words with children are more conspicuous, and it is likely to attract the attention of the enemy.
After Miao Mei thought about it, he had to find a reliable villager and entrusted the newly born Fang Mei to this family.
Before leaving, Miao Mei said reluctantly: "I hope you can help me take care of her for the time being, as soon as I stabilize, I will come to you immediately." ”
But what Miao Mei didn't know was that she had been gone for 18 years.
After Fang Zhimin and Miao Mei were arrested, Fang Zhimin died without speaking, and the Kuomintang learned from other sources that Fang Zhimin's child was hiding in the countryside, so it wanted to find Fang Zhimin's child to threaten him with the child.
Fang Mei's adoptive parents had to change her surname, which allowed Fang Mei to escape the disaster.
Fang Mei
Later, the war was won and the situation was very good. Miao Mei was able to free her hand, and after inquiring from many sources, she learned fang Mei's whereabouts. At that time, Fang Mei was already 18 years old.
Because the adoptive parents are just ordinary farmers, no culture. Therefore, Fang Mei has never had the opportunity to go to school. After Miao Mei found Fang Mei, she immediately sent her to the school for the children of martyrs.
But Fang Mei was already an adult, her heart could not be quieted, and as soon as Miao Mei did not supervise her, she wanted to play.
Until one time, Miao Mei said to her daughter Fang Mei very bitterly: "You are like this, do not study seriously, your father is a person who is both literate and martial, he once told me to cultivate you into a person who can contribute to the country, but now we only have you as a child, you are still so disobedient, how do I face your father!" ”
After fang mei listened, she suddenly realized that her mother let herself study seriously, and there was such a deep meaning, which was actually her father's wish.
"Lovely China" is the first book that Fang Mei read independently after studying culture.
My mother wrote this passage on the title page of the book: "Mei'er, this book is the last words written by your father with blood and tears in prison, you must read it repeatedly, study hard, and use practical actions to inherit your father's unfinished career!" ”
Although Fang Mei's cultural level at that time was not enough to read the book, Fang Mei was touched by her mother's good intentions, or patience to read it, and when she encountered something that could not be read, she would look up the dictionary, and ask her mother or the people around her if she could not understand the sentences.
Gradually, Fang Mei became deeply interested in her father, Fang Zhimin. Since then, Fang Mei has embarked on a journey to understand this father, whom she had only met once when she was a child.
When Miao Mei was still alive, the original old comrades-in-arms would often come to visit her, talk about the heroic deeds of their youth, and inevitably talk about the story of Fang Zhimin, and Fang Mei listened with relish.
Later, her mother was gone, but Fang Mei did not terminate her contact with those old predecessors. On the contrary, as soon as Fang Mei had free time, she took the initiative to visit the comrades-in-arms of those parents and relatives, and learned a lot of father's stories from them.
In 1986, Fang Mei, who was in her 60s, retired honorably, and before leaving, Fang Mei wrote a letter to the leader of her unit.
Roughly speaking, it means that after he retires, he must seriously collect the deeds of his father Fang Zhimin, and when the materials are sufficient, he will write a book for his father, so he hopes that the unit can write a letter of introduction to himself.
When the leader learned of this, he did not say a word and immediately wrote a letter of introduction.
The content is: "Comrade Fang Mei, a member of the Communist Party of our unit, is the daughter of Fang Zhimin, and because of the need to interview her father's deeds, please cooperate with the interview."
Fang Mei's old leader said: "This is not just a matter for Fang Mei alone, Comrade Fang Zhimin is not just her father, Comrade Fang Zhimin deserves more people to learn." ”
In this way, Fang Mei successfully obtained a "pass", which solved a lot of trouble for her future work.
Because at the beginning, many people did not believe that Fang Zhimin and her daughter, but as soon as Fang Mei took out the introduction letter, these people had to believe it.
He couldn't help but sigh, "Although your father only has one daughter left, if he knows about your practices, he will be pleased." ”
Later, Fang Mei said in an interview: "I grew up in the countryside, I have suffered anything, and I am not afraid of any suffering. Not to mention that this is a book for my beloved father, and my heart is not only not bitter, but also very practical and happy. The more I do, the happier I am. ”。
It turns out that Fang Mei has also done this, and the second half of her life can be said to revolve around her father. Fang Mei later created a number of books about the heroic deeds of her father, Fang Zhimin, and fulfilled her wish to know her father.
Through visiting and investigating, Fang Mei finally found out the ins and outs of his father Fang Zhimin's sacrifice.
In November 1934, after the Red Tenth Army was combined with the Red Seventh Army, an anti-Japanese advance team that moved north from Ruijin, under the leadership of Fang Zhimin, it continued to move north.
The Kuomintang offered a huge reward of 80,000 yuan to seize Fang Zhimin's head.
However, Fang Zhimin did not think so, and the passion for combat was even higher. With the help of the masses, Fang Zhimin led the anti-Japanese advance team to repel the Kuomintang troops pursuing along the way, and in just over a month, they fought from Jiangxi to Taiping and Jing Counties in Anhui Province on the south bank of the Yangtze River.
During a march, Fang Zhimin followed Su Yu's advance team of 800 people into action, and had the opportunity to break out of the siege.
As a result, the main force led by the regimental commander Liu Yuxi was surrounded by more than a dozen regiments of Zhejiang Security Director Yu Jishi due to slow action, and Fang Zhimin, who could not wait for the news of the main force, resolutely decided to turn around and look for the main force, but only instructed Su Yu to lead the troops first.
Six days later, Fang Zhimin and the main force of the Red Tenth Army were surrounded by layers of 7 times the enemy's 14 regiments and 7 times their own strength, and they failed to break through at Huaiyu Mountain, ran out of ammunition, and had to disperse in the jungle to hide.
Fang Zhimin's troops were left with little, and they could only hide in the cave with wei changfa, a personal guard. Since the enemy was carrying out a large-scale arrest operation outside, neither of them dared to go out easily, and could only stay in the damp cave.
Before long, everything that could be eaten in the cave was finished, and it was necessary to go out and find something to eat, otherwise even if it was not discovered by the enemy, it would starve to death in the cave.
Guard Wei Changfa volunteered, "Let me go find food, one of my relatives lives nearby, and I will go to his house to ask for food." ”
Although Fang Zhimin was not at ease, he could only agree.
However, it was not surprising that Wei Changfa had just arrived at Fenglingtou Village when he was discovered by the enemy and captured by the enemy. The enemy first grabbed Wei's long hair and threatened to die if he did not reveal where Fang Zhimin was hiding, on the contrary, if he was honest, he could get 100 oceans and women.
In the end, the police officer did not resist the enemy's threats and inducements, and revealed the news, telling the enemy Fang Zhimin that he was still hiding on the mountain.
The Kuomintang let Wei Long Hair take the lead and look for a hiding place, and later when Fang Zhimin was escorted away by the enemy and passed by Wei Long Hair's side, Wei Long Hair did not dare to lift his head, and his face was full of red, and Fang Zhimin disdained to look at Wei Long Hair.
In fact, Fang Zhimin anticipated the danger after Wei Changfa left, and had already made preparations in advance and transferred his hiding place, but he was unfortunately arrested.
The enemy did not immediately return to his life after capturing Fang Zhimin, but carefully searched the cave where Fang Zhimin was hiding.
Fang Zhimin sneered and said, "You don't have to waste any more effort, if you want to find documents and information about the party, I will tell you directly, I have already ruined; if you want to find money, it is even more nothing." ”
Fang Zhimin was indeed a "poor" "high official," and when he was still the chairman of the workers' and peasants' government in the Fujian-Zhejiang-Gansu Border Region, on one occasion, his parents came to see him and wanted money.
Fang Zhimin said to them: "Although I am a big official in front of the chairman, I really have no money myself, and I am really filial piety as a son, and there is no way to give you a pension!" ”
But he did not spare the money necessary for the revolution.
For example, for an ordinary soldier, Qiao Xinming, who was injured in his leg at that time, and his leg was very swollen, and the doctor said that if the provincial party committee did not approve the fee, your leg would be sawn off, because if it continued to swell like this, it would affect your life.
A few days later, the report was finally approved, and it read:
"Comrade Qiao Xinming's leg was injured for the sake of the revolution, so the party and the people will be responsible, use whatever they need, and the party will provide it, please treat it with your heart."
Looking further down, it is Fang Zhimin's autograph.
In the afternoon of the same day, Fang Zhimin was imprisoned in the local Wang Clan Ancestral Hall and taken to The county seat of Yushan the next day. Also arrested along with Fang Zhimin was the regimental commander Liu Yuxi.
The enemy began various "soft and hard bubbles" against the two men. In January 1935, after the arrest of Fang Zhimin and the regimental commander Liu Yuxi, the enemy was immediately escorted to Nanchang, the military headquarters of the front line, if they received the most precious treasure, and at the same time publicized it.
In view of comrade Fang Zhimin's great prestige, and Liu Yuxi was a student of the Huangpu Phase I, Chiang Kai-shek sent his close associate Xiong Shihui and others to persuade him to surrender many times, and promised Fang Zhimin a high-ranking official Houlu, but they were all reprimanded by Fang Zhimin.
Wang Zhenhuan, then the governor of Yushan County, treated Fang Zhimin in the name of an old classmate and persuaded him to become an official in the National Government, but Fang Zhimin immediately turned over the table and sternly refused.
Fang Zhimin's wife, Miao Min, was also arrested in June of that year and imprisoned in nanchang Women's Prison, and the Kuomintang authorities tried to seduce Fang Zhimin with their husband and wife feelings, but they were still sternly refused.
Fang Zhimin knew that the enemy was now asking for him, so he took the opportunity to make a request—to ask for paper and pencil. The Kuomintang thought that Fang Zhimin had figured it out, or that it was better to write something casually than not to say a word now, so it actively provided paper and pencil.
Fang Zhimin used these papers and pencils to leave the last revolutionary fire in his life.
In the last days of his life, Fang Zhimin worked 16 hours a day and left behind about 140,000 words of revolutionary manuscripts. Fang Zhimin's famous essay "Lovely China" became a classic of revolutionary literature.
In his prison posthumous book "Poverty Alleviation", he wrote: "I have been engaged in revolutionary struggle for more than ten years. In this long struggle, I have always lived a simple life and never had luxury. ”
While Fang Zhimin was working hard in prison, the revolutionaries outside were also trying to find ways to do their best to rescue him.
At that time, the leaders of the Kuomintang saw that it was impossible to persuade them to surrender, so they initially scheduled to execute Fang Zhimin secretly on August 31, 1935. In order to stop the tragedy of Fang Zhimin's sacrifice, people from all walks of life rushed to hope that the Kuomintang would be forced to release Fang Zhimin under pressure.
But in the end, the Kuomintang decided to move forward the date of Fang Zhimin's execution due to pressure from all walks of life. In order to avoid long nights and dreams, the Kuomintang advanced the time of Fang Zhimin's execution to August 6, 1935.
On that day, Fang Zhimin had three pounds of shackles on his feet and a towel stuffed in his mouth, and his eyes were still so calm and firm.
Soon arrived at the execution ground, everything was quiet, even the enemy escorting Fang Zhimin did not dare to say anything more, only to see Fang Zhimin himself walk to the distance, with his back to the enemy, and stand quietly like this.
For a long time, Fang Zhimin turned back to the "executioner" and nodded, indicating that it was time for execution, and the bullet passed through the back of his head, so That Fang Zhimin could not say a word until the last moment of his life.
However, presumably it doesn't matter whether it is said or not to say that the other party Zhimin is, because he has done everything he can, without complaint or regret.
As for whether the details of The martyr Fang Zhimin's sacrifice are true, her daughter Fang Mei gave the answer. At that time, in order to publicize, the Kuomintang specifically found a recorder for the process of Fang Zhimin's execution- a photographer.
Fang Mei learned that there was also a witness to her father's sacrifice process, and immediately inquired from many sources and found the photographer of that year.
Fang Mei was a little disappointed when she saw him, because the photographer was now an old man who was nearly a flower armour, and Fang Mei thought in her heart that it was very likely that this photographer would most likely not remember what happened that year.
She still tried to inquire about it, and when the old man heard "Fang Zhimin", he suddenly became excited, and the scene of that year was vividly remembered.
When Fang Mei was about to leave, the old man said guiltily: "I'm sorry, but there was nothing I could do back then, I could only watch your father being killed by the Kuomintang." ”
Fang Mei was shocked by the old man's words, and quickly comforted: "It doesn't matter, I am already grateful that you can tell me this."
Statue of Fang Mei and father Fang Zhimin
Fang Mei has been searching for her father's revolutionary footprints since she retired, and in the process of writing "The Complete Biography of Fang Zhimin", she walked into the history of her fathers one by one to feel their revolutionary feelings.
Their generation has been struggling to build a lovely China, and now Fang Min can finally comfort his father: your "lovely China" is what I saw for you, and it is even better than you imagined.
During the epidemic last year, 89-year-old Fang Mei resolutely took 10,000 yuan from her small savings as a special party fee to help fight the "epidemic".
She said: "I am a Communist Party member, but also a descendant of martyrs, the country has difficulties, the responsibility of the husband, compared with the front-line personnel who risked their lives, I only did a small part." ”
The deeds of Fang Zhimin and his descendants Fang Mei have fulfilled the promises of Communist Party members, and their efforts deserve our respect and study.