King Wen of Zhou, surnamed Ji (姬), courtesy name Chang, was known from 1152 BC to 1056 BC and was said to have lived for ninety-seven years and reigned for fifty years.
Fifty years of reign is credible, but as for living to be ninety-seven years old, there was no history of faith at that time, so just listen to it.
Others say he succeeded to the throne at the age of twelve and lived to be sixty-one years old.
In history, King Wen of Zhou, after his grandfather Gong Ji and father Gong Ji, was the chief of the Zhou Kingdom and an ally of the western princes, so he was known as Xi Bo and called Xi BoChang.
During Xi Bochang's reign, Mingde was cautious in punishment, diligent in government affairs, attached importance to agricultural production, Corporal Li Xian, Guangluo Talents, bai Lü Shang as a military teacher, formulated a military plan, subdued the Kingdom of Yu and the State of Rui, and attacked the States of Li (located in present-day Changzhi City, Shanxi Province) and the State of Qi (located in present-day Qinyang County, Hanoi), and other states.
After Xi Bochang's death, his son Zhongfa succeeded to the throne, and in 1046, he overthrew the Shang Kingdom, and the Zhou Kingdom was upgraded to the Zhou Kingdom and replaced it.
King Wen of Zhou
According to the custom of the time, as a chieftain, King Wen of Zhou, there were many women, so there were dozens of sons. According to the Mao Shi Zhengyi, quoted in the Book of Dai Li, King Wen of Zhou received his eldest son Bo Yi Kao at the age of thirteen and his second son Zhongfa at the age of fifteen, and later Boyikao was killed by Emperor Xin of Shang, so after King Wen of Zhou, the second son Zhongfa succeeded him as King Wu of Zhou. There is a legend that the youngest son of King Wen of Zhou was Lei Zhenzi.
"The Book of The Great Dai Li" is a ceremonial work compiled by Dai De in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty; "Mao Shi Zhengyi" is a research work on the "Book of Poetry", also known as "Kong Shu", which is one of the "Five Classics of Justice" composed by Kong Yingda and others during the Tang Zhenguan period, on the orders of Tang Taizong, and was an official book promulgated by the government at that time; "Mao Shi", referring to the ancient text "Poems" compiled and annotated by Mao Heng of the Lu State and Mao Chang of the Zhao State during the Western Han Dynasty, that is, the "Book of Poetry"; "The Book of Poetry", which is the beginning of ancient Chinese poetry, is the earliest collection of poetry in China. A collection of poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period is collected, with a total of 311 poems.
Ancient nobles, many women, early births, similar to the situation of King Wen of Zhou, Emperor Wen of Han, when he was a young king, he had the eldest son at the age of twelve, and the son of Emperor Jing of Han at the age of fifteen.
Regarding the life span of King Wu of Zhou, Yu Shi is also inconclusive, one theory is that he succeeded to the throne at the age of thirty-five, reigned for fifteen years, cut down merchants at the age of forty-seven, and died at the age of fifty, and it is also said that he lived for fifty-four years and reigned for nineteen years.
The historical merits of King Wu of Zhou, the destruction of the Shang Kingdom, the establishment of the Zhou Kingdom, he also built the Ho Jing, as the capital of zhou. Fengjing is located on the shore of Fengshui, and Hokyo is located on the shore of Shuishui. Pickaxe, 滈, both pronounced as hao, four sounds.
King Wen of Zhou had dozens of sons, among whom there were eighteen more famous sons: the eldest son Bo Yikao, the second son Zhou Wu Wang Zhongfa, the third son Guan Shuxian, the fourth son Zhou Gongdan, the fifth son Cai Shudu, the sixth son Wei Kangshu, the seventh son Wu Shuwu, the eighth son Huo Shufu, the ninth son Mao Shu Zheng, the tenth son Ran Jizai, the eleventh son Gao Uncle, the twelfth son Yong Bo, the thirteenth son Cao Shu Zhenduo, the fourteenth son Teng Shuxiu, the fifteenth son Bi Gonggao, the sixteenth son Yuan Bo, the seventeenth son Fenghou, and the eighteenth son Gao Bo.
Among them, the first ten sons, from Bo Yikao to Ran Jizai, were all born to his wife Tai ji. The ten sons born to Tai Ji are ranked according to the "Uncle Season of Bo Zhong", the eldest son is ranked as Uncle, the second son is ranked as Zhong, and the subsequent sons are all uncles, and the younger sons are ranked as seasons.
The eight sons after the tenth son are re-ranked, and all are ranked as uncles.
The ten sons born to Tai Ji are in the top rank, the most noble, and the older, while the sons born to other women are in the lower rank, and the eight uncles at the bottom are younger than Ran Jizai in age, and their rank uncles are calculated separately, and their status is lower than that of the ten sons of Tai Ji.
For example, Yu Da, the thirty-seven sons of King Wen of Zhou, that is, one of the younger brothers of King Wu of Zhou, who sealed this little brother in the State of Qi, which was the country of The Spring and Autumn Period that produced Lady Peach Blossom, lady of The State of Sorrow. Of course, Lady Xi was the daughter-in-law of Yu Da's descendants more than three hundred years later.
Let's talk about the famous Eighteen Sons.
The deeds of Bo Yikao and Wu Wangfa are familiar to everyone, and it is about other people other than them.
King Wu of Zhou destroyed the merchants and seized a large area of land, so his relatives and heroes were enfeoffed as princes and ruled over the newly acquired lands and people, among them, The third son of King Wen of Zhou, Guan Shuxian, the fifth son, Cai Shudu, and the eighth son Huo Shu, established the Guan Guo, Cai Guo, and Huo Guo, all located in present-day Henan, to block and monitor the merchant remnant Shao Guo north of the Yellow River.
The fourth son, Zhou Gongdan, established the Zhou Kingdom, which was a principality within the royal territory, and the title of Dan was Duke, so it was called Zhou Gongdan. The second and fourth sons had the best relationship, so Zhou Gongdan was king Wu's right-hand man and had the highest title.
After the death of King Wu of Zhou, Gongdan of Zhou was appointed as a minister of Gu Ming, and was appointed to assist the young King Cheng of Zhou, monopolizing power, and Uncle Guan, Uncle Cai, and Uncle Huo disobeyed, and joined forces with the merchant Wu Geng of the remaining Shaoguo to rebel. The Duke of Zhou decisively sent troops to kill Wu Geng and Guan Shu and imprison Uncle Cai, while Uncle Huo was moved to the area of present-day Shanxi.
The kingdom of Shao was destroyed and divided into two, establishing the Wei and Song states. The capital of the Wei Dynasty was enfeoffed to the sixth son, Uncle Wei Kang. At that time, Weiguo was a large country whose territory spanned both sides of the Yellow River.
The four capitals of the Wei Dynasty
King Wen used Shaanxi as his base and sent troops to capture Shanxi; King Wu captured Henan; and Zhou Gong went on an eastern expedition and captured Hebei and Shandong. The seventh son, Shuwu ,郕叔武, founded the state of Qi, with fiefs in the area of present-day Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, and in 1975, the Western Zhou cultural relic "Cheng BoSun Father Mane" was discovered in Dongjia Village, Qishan County. After the Zhou Gong's Eastern Expedition, he established the State of Shandong, with a fief located in the area of Wenshang County, Jining City, Shandong Province.
The Kingdom of Qi, also known as the Kingdom of Chengguo and the State of Prosperity. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Qi was annexed by the State of Lu, and the monarch of the State of Qi became the Grand Master of the State of Lu. Later, He became the head of the Mengsun clan's fiefdom.
The ninth son, Mao Uncle Zheng, founded the Mao State, located in the area of present-day Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, during the Light Years of the Qing Dynasty, in 1843, Qishan County unearthed Mao Gongding, causing a sensation, and is now treasured in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
King Ping of Zhou moved east to Luoyi, and Mao Guo moved east to the area of Yiyang County in present-day Luoyang, Henan Province.
Mao Gongding
The tenth son, Ran Jizai, was founded with the surname Shen Guo (沈国), an ancient Chinese language, homophonous with ran and Shen, located in the area of Pingyu County, Zhumadian City, Henan Province. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, in 506 BC, the State of Jin summoned the princes and allied with Zhaoling (郾陵, in present-day eastern Chencheng County, Henan), but the pro-Chu State of Shen refused to participate, and the State of Jin instructed the State of Cai to send troops to destroy the State of Shen and escort Shen Zijia back to the State of Cai to kill.
The above are the ten sons born to the wife Tai ji, who are ranked as Uncle Zhong, and the following are born to other women, re-ranked.
The eleventh son, Uncle Gao, founded the State of Gao, also known as the State of Confession. The Zhou Gongdong Expedition established the State of Gao in Shandong, located in present-day Chengwu County, Shandong Province. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Gao was destroyed by the State of Song. In 713 BC, Qi, Zheng, and Lu jointly rebelled against the Song state. Zheng Guo's army invaded Gaoyi and ceded the land of Gaoyi to the State of Lu. The cultural relics handed down from the Gao Kingdom include "Gao Shi Shuo Father Ding" and "Gao Zhongzun". The kingdom of Gao fell, and its descendants took Gao as their clan.
Location of Gao Guo
The twelve sons of Yongbo, who founded the Yong Kingdom, were located in the area of present-day Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, and the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang and established the Yong Kingdom of Hanoi, located in the area of present-day Jiaozuo City, Hanoi. The Shang Kingdom also had the Yong Kingdom, located in Hanoi, destroyed by the Zhou people, in its homeland, established the Yong Kingdom of Ji in Hanoi, which was annexed by the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period.
As for the Yongguo of Guanzhong, it was annexed by the Qin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, after which Yong was the capital of the Qin State for two or three hundred years, when the Yongcheng was surrounded by large rivers, called the water Qin capital, with the surrounding rivers as a barrier, and no city walls could be built.
During the Western Chu Kingdom, the State of Zhang Handan was established.
The thirteenth son, Cao Shu Zhenduo, established the state of Cao, with the capital of the state of Taoqiu (present-day Dingtao District, Heze, Shandong Province), which roughly governed the southwest of present-day Shandong Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period, when the Prince of Jin passed through the State of Cao when he was in distress, Cao Gonggong was rude to him. After Duke Wen of Jin ascended the throne, he rebelled against the state of Cao, and Cao Gonggong was captured. At the Battle of Pu of Jin and Chu (in present-day southwest of Juancheng, Shandong), the State of Chu was defeated and the State of Cao was annexed to the State of Jin. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Song state cut down Cao, Cao Civil Unrest, Cao Boyang succeeded to the throne, and attacked the Song State, in 487 BC, Song Jinggong destroyed Cao and killed Cao Boyang. After the fall of the Cao Kingdom, its descendants took Cao as their clan, Cao Zhenduo was the ancestor of the Cao clan, and Cao San was his descendant.
During the Yellow Emperor's Alliance period, there were Cao Guo, descendants of The Yellow Emperor. The Duke of Zhou went on a crusade to remove the Cao people and establish the State of Cao, establishing the State of Cao (曹国) in his homeland.
Part of the State of Cao, during the Northern and Southern Zhou Dynasties, established Cao Prefecture. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Cao Prefecture was renamed Cao County.
In the territory of present-day Cao County, in ancient times, there were the territories of the States of Xin, Guan, Cao, and Song.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the State of Cao included Dingtao County and Cao County in present-day Heze City, Shandong Province.
The fourteenth son, Teng Shuxiu, founded the State of Teng, which was established after the King of Wu, was located in Henan, and after the Zhou Gong's Eastern Expedition, he established the State of Teng, Shandong, located in the area of Teng County, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province. During the Warring States period, it was destroyed by the Duke of Song, and its descendants took Teng as their clan.
The fifteenth son, Bi Gonggao, founded the State of Bi, located in the area of present-day Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, so the present-day Xianyang Plain, also known as Biyuan. Bi Gonggao was an auxiliary chancellor after Zhou Gongdan, and his title was Duke, and among the sons of King Wen, there were "one king and two dukes", the highest status, higher than other sons, and Bi Gong was one of the two dukes. King Cheng of Zhou died, and he left Bi Gonggao as a minister to assist King Kang of Zhou. Bi Gonggao successively assisted King Chengwang and King Kang for two generations of kings, and with the assistance of Bi Gonggao, there was the "Rule of Chengkang".
Bi Gong
Bi Gonggao is the ancestor of many of the current surnames. One of the descendants of Duke Bi was the Wei clan, who established the State of Wei, one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and was the number one overlord in the early Spring and Autumn Period.
The sixteenth son, Yuan Bo, founded the original state, located in the area of present-day Jiyuan City, Hanoi. There were three original states, the original state during the Xia Alliance period, the original state with the surname Ji, and the original state of the Dafu fiefdom within the Jin state.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the former Boguan reigned, was destroyed by the Duke Wen of Jin, and was moved to the State of Ji (冀国, in present-day Hejin, Shanxi Province), where the Jin Dynasty's grand master Xianxun (先轸) was enfeoffed with the original state and established the original state of the Xian clan, one of its descendants, with the original as the clan.
Seventeen sons of Fenghou, founded Fengguo, located in the area of Fengshui in Guanzhong, not far from Fengjing. Fengjing and Fengguo are all along the Fengshui area. During the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, he strengthened the power of Zhuji of Hanyang, so he established a new Fengguo in the area of present-day Shiyan City, Hubei. In 777 BC, Qin Xiang publicly married his sister Mu Wei to Fengguo. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Kingdom of Feng was destroyed by the State of Yong.
Eighteen sons of Guo Bo (郇伯), also known as the State of Xun, were founded in the area of present-day Xindi County, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin was divided into two parts, attacking each other, the State of Xun once participated in the crusade against Quwo, and the "Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan Biography of the Ninth Year of the Duke huan" records that in 703 BC, five states, including the State of Yu, the State of Rui, the State of Liang, the State of Xun, and the State of Jia, formed a coalition army and defeated the Duke of Quwo. In the end, in the melee between the two parts of the Jin State, Qu Wo won, and Qu Wo Wu Duke became the Duke of Jin Wu, ruled all of the Jin State, and his strength soared, so he sent troops to take revenge, destroyed the Xun State, and gave its land to The Great Doctor Yuan, that is, the descendants of the Original State, changed to the Xun clan. In short, there were four Xun Kingdoms, including: Xun Guo, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, Xun Shi Xun Guo, a minister of the Yellow Emperor, Xun Bo Xun Guo, and the former Huang Xun Yi.
The descendants of the original Xun Yi, one of the Jin Dynasty Qing clan, passed to Xun Lin's father and Xun Shou brothers, among them, the famous general Xun Lin's father, was the ancestor of the Zhongxing clan, and Xun Lin's father's brother Xun Shou was the ancestor of the Zhi clan.
At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the four Qing clans were strong, with the Zhi clan being the most powerful, Zhi Boyao as the earl, higher than the viscounts of the other three families, the tree was a big move, the gun shot the head bird, the three families of Zhao Wei and Han joined forces to attack the Zhi clan, and then, the three families were divided into Jin, becoming three of the seven heroes of the Warring States.
There are many descendants of the Xun clan, including the Confucian thinker Xun Quan in the Warring States period, xun Yu, a strategist of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms, and so on.