Philosophical sharing: "Matter" and "objective existence" are two underlying concepts in philosophy, and they are also concepts with different opinions. The reason for the divergence of opinions is that there is no return to the original context of philosophy

Philosophical Sharing: "Matter" and "Objective Existence"

These are the two underlying concepts in philosophy, and they are also concepts of divergent opinions. The reason for the divergence of opinions is that they do not return to the original context of philosophy for discussion, but speak according to their own understanding

Speaking of these two concepts in the original context of philosophy, the discussion of philosophical issues must first clarify the concepts.

These two concepts can be said to write half a book, here is a brief description

1) Definition of the concept

To clarify a concept is to understand the definition, because the concept is determined by definition. The average person may not notice that there are two definitions:

One is the "scientific definition": the original proposition: A is B, the inverse proposition: B is A. Both of these propositions must be correct (friends who have studied physical chemistry can recall)

The second is the "philosophical definition": the original proposition: A is B, the inverse proposition: B is A. In philosophical propositions A is B correct, but, to draw the point ha: B is A is not necessarily correct

Example 1: Original Proposition: Philosophy is the Knowledge that Makes People Wise (Correct)

Inverse proposition: The knowledge that makes people smart is philosophy (wrong, doesn't mathematics also make people smart?). ）

Example 2: Original proposition: Matter is an objective existence that exists independently of people's consciousness and can be reflected by human consciousness (correct)

Inverse proposition: Is it true that objective existence is matter→?

2) Substances

It is both a physical term and a philosophical term, and the latter is a generalization and summary of the former, see the original proposition of Example 2 above (a philosophical definition), and we will talk about matter later

3) Objective existence

This "guest" word actually means "object" (the corresponding philosophical word for object is "subject", i.e., man). "Contemplation" means "observation". Thus, "objective existence" means the existence of an object (that can be observed through the subject).

Implicit here means:

For example, there is a star in the Milky Way, scientists are engaged in celestial research (practice), and the relationship between scientists and this planet due to "practice" is called a subject-object relationship: man is the subject, and the planet is the object.

There are three cases in which the practice of scientists is concerned with this planet:

First, for many years, scientists did not observe the existence of planets at all, although they were not observed by scientists in these years, but are planets "objectively exist"? Tiaoyou himself wants to ha [cover his face]

Second, after many years, scientists finally observed the existence of planets. Then of course this planet exists objectively. This is easy to understand

Third, many years later, the science dies, but the existence of the planet is still not discovered, so is the planet not objectively existing? Tiaoyou himself wants to ha [cover his face]

So "objective existence" is a concept in the context of knowability and practice.

Meaning: The object of human observation is the object, and the human being is the subject of this object→ and from the ultimate point of view (that is, from the point of view of ultimate knowability), the object is the existence that can be observed (practiced) through the subject (human). This is what objective existence means

One-by-one knowability: as long as it is matter, human beings can eventually observe, which is called knowability;

Agnostic icon: If it is thought that there is always something physical that is impossible for human beings to observe, this is called agnosticism, and the consequence is that mysticism → theism!

4) Philosophical proposition: Matter is "objective existence", but "objective existence" is matter?!

If matter is simply equated with "objective existence", the consequence is: Aren't sounds, forces, and my thoughts also objectively exist? Isn't it all material? This is wrong!

The proposition that "matter is objectively existing", like the proposition that "fire is hot", does not hold. "What is hot is fire" is obviously wrong. In the same way, it cannot be said that "objective existence" is matter

For example: People using computers:

The hardware of the computer is material, which is not difficult to understand, right? But in addition to the hardware, there is also system software in the computer, which is also an objective existence, right?

From the perspective of subject-object relationship:

Man is the subject, and computer systems are objects, i.e., objects that can be detected by the subject are objective beings (see section 3, paragraph 7). This objective existence is not matter, but the objective existence of information.

Only objective beings that can decompose into the smallest particles or wave fields are matter (e.g., light waves are matter, electromagnetic fields are matter, forces are not matter)

Emphasis: Ideas (objects) cannot be analyzed to the smallest particle through people (subjects), nor can they analyze waves or fields, so ideas and concepts exist objectively, but they are not matter, but an information! [Laughs]

The concepts of matter and objective existence are fully discussed in Lenin's Materialism and Empirical Criticism.