Xiang Liu
Author: Zhibei Tour
I am Xiao Qi, a Sichuan girl who likes demons and ghosts, a cute girl who is addicted to nonsense, and today's manuscript comes from the author ZhibeiYou.
Mr. Lu Xun mentioned in the "A Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas" that some of the gods and monsters that were deeply impressed in the Classic of Mountains and Seas were "beasts with human faces, snakes with nine heads, birds with three legs, people with wings, monsters without heads and eyes with two breasts...", of which the "nine-headed snake" is the Minister of Common Labor, Xiang Liushi.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Overseas North Classic:
"The minister of the co-worker, xiang liushi, nine heads, to eat in the nine mountains." Where the willows arrive, it is Zexi. Yu kills Xiang Liu, its bloody, can not be tree five grain species. Yu Yuzhi (禹厥之), the Three Emperors and Three Frustrated, is thought to be the platform of the emperors. To the north of Kunlun and to the east of Rouli. The willow bearer, the nine heads of human faces, the snake body and the green body. ”
And the Great Wilderness Of the North Classic:
"The name of the co-worker is XiangXuan, and the nine-headed snake is self-ringed and eats in the nine soils." What it is the source of the source, not hard but bitter, a hundred beasts can not be placed. Yu annihilated the flood, killed XiangXuan, its bloody smell, can not grow valley, its land is full of water, can not live also. Yu Xiangzhi, Three Servants and Three Depressions, thought that the pool, the Emperor of the Group was because he thought of the platform. North of Kunlun. ”
First, do a word discrimination. "柳" and "繇" are the nearest sound of the kanka, which has been said before. The "xiang" of "xiangliu" and "xiangxuan" is a misprint of the word "栢", and in ancient books, "栢 (柏)" and "伯" are universal, so Xiangliu or Xiangxuan is Boliu or Boxuan. This kind of error is more than one in the "Shan Hai Jing", for example, there is a "Bo Shu Guo" in the "Hai Nei Nan Jing", and it is said that "Yi Yue Xiang" is also a mistake of the word "栢", "Bo" and "栢" are pronounced the same, so Bo Shu is also written 栢栢, one thing.
XiangLiu and the hydra monster Xudrahydra in Greek mythology, the Yaki great snake in Japanese mythology, etc. are all multi-headed giant serpent monsters, very famous, of course, some people think that the Japanese Yaki great snake is transformed from Xiangliu here, after all, many Japanese myths and legends are transformed from Chinese myths and legends, and the appearance of the Yaki great snake is very late, from a generation point of view, it can not be compared with the legend of Xiangliu.
This Hydra's Boliu clan was a courtier of the Co-Workers, and his eating in the Nine Mountains or Nine Soils showed that his ability was quite large and he had a large sphere of influence, but except for the Classic of Mountains and Seas, there was no more record of him in the book.
In fact, it is not that there is no record, but it has been transformed by posterity, transforming him from a strange god of hydra into a great sage - Xu You.
Xu You is a sage praised in Zhuangzi, and in many chapters it is mentioned that Yao should give the world to Xu You, Xu You, for example, "Yao let the world be given to Xu You" ("Getaway"), "Yao and Xu Yu Tianxia, Xu You fled" ("Foreign Objects"), "Yao let xu yu with the world, Xu Yu was not allowed" ("Let the King"), "Good scroll, Xu Yu won the emperor and not be affected" ("Thief"), and later the Jin Dynasty Emperor Fu Mi also wrote Xu You into the "Biography of Gao Shi", first saying "Yao let the world be xu you", and later saying "Yao again called the governor of Jiuzhou". However, the origin of this great sage is unknown, and the Biography of Gao Shi says that he is "Xu You, the character Wu Zhong, and the yangcheng Huaili people." Hidden in the aftermath", but the words of the appendix that came out later.
In ancient texts, "by" and "繇" are very common kanji, and BoYu is BoYu. And "Xu" is the name of the country. According to the records of the "Chinese Zhou Yuxia", Sun Siyue was the ancestor of the Jiang surname and sealed four kingdoms: Shen, Lü, Xu, and Qi, the so-called "Zuo Siyue Kingdom", of which Xu Guo was one. Mr. Yang Kuan clearly pointed out in the "Introduction to ancient Chinese History" that Xu You is Boyi, Taiyue, and Siyue.
He said: "Boyigu is Taiyue and Siyue, the four Yue have state affairs that are not allowed by Yao, xu you also have state affairs that are not allowed by Yao, and after Xu is Taiyue, 'by' and 'Yi' are close to each other, then Xu Yougu is Bo Yi." ”
Mr. Yang's view should be correct. Bo You was originally a minister of the common work, and after evolving into a common worker, he was sealed in Xu, so it was also called Xu You, and in the legend, "Bo You" was also pronounced as "Boyi".
Mr. Yang believes that Taiyue is the Fourth Yue, but according to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, there seems to be a problem, the Hai Nei Jing says: "Boyi Father gave birth to Xiyue, And Xiyue gave birth to a first dragon", and the Great Wilderness Western Classic also said: "There is a country of Shouma." Nanyue married a mountain girl of the prefecture, known as a goddess. Female piety born Ji Ge, Ji Ge sheng Shou Ma. ”
There is Boyi father, that is, Boyi, that is, Boyu, Bosu, he gave birth to Xiyue, and there is also a Nanyue, I don't know whose descendants, referring to the saying that the four yues are the same as the Surname of Jiang, probably also the son of Boyi's father, since there are Xiyue and Nanyue, then there should be Dongyue and Beiyue, that is, "Four Yues", it is likely that Xu Yu is Taiyue, and he has four sons, who are divided into four parties for the four Yues, all of which are surnamed Jiang.
Let's look at the ancient books that say "Gonggong Clan's Bo Jiuyou" ("Chinese Lu Yu Shang"), "Gonggong Clan Bajiuzhou" ("Li Ji · Sacrifice Law"), the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" says that Xiangliu "eats in the Nine Mountains" or "eats in the Nine Soils", "Gao Shi Biography" says that Yao let the world be xu you, and also summoned Xu You as the "governor of Kyushu", the two can be seen from the same myth when compared, and the prototype of the great sage Xu You is the nine-headed monster snake in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", which is only transformed by the Warring States people. Detached from the original appearance of mythology, I became another person.
The other is to differentiate The Boyi, not the Boyi of Shouyang Mountain and the Boyi of Shuqi, but the Boyi of the Yao Shun period, which is found in the Book of Shang, and the Shundian says, "Emperor Yue: 'Consultation! Four Mountains, can you perform three ceremonies? "Boyi! In the Lü Punishment, it is said: "Bo Yi descended the code, and the people were punished." "Shuyuan Xiuwen": "Bo Yi officiating ceremony, up and down." He also became a famous sage during the Tang Yu period. During the Warring States period, people could no longer figure out the relationship between Boyi and Taiyue and Siyue, so it was a bit ridiculous to say in the Shundian that Siyue raised Boyi and belonged to his son to promote Laozi. But the image of Bo Yi is even further away from the Hydra's Bo Miao.
The Story of the Imperial Floating Tour of The Kokusatsuka also records:
"Jinping Gong dreamed of seeing a red bear peeping at the screen, evil, and sick. Ask the child to produce, and the child to produce: 'The royal float of the former co-workers, having lost to the sun, has sunk into the abyss of Huai. Its color is red, its words are good and smiling, its deeds are good, and its shape is like a bear. It is often for the heavenly king, and when he sees the temple, the king dies; when he sees the hall, the people of the state are frightened; when he sees the door, the near subject is worried; when he sees the court, he is not hurt. The screen of the peeping king, sick and unharmed, sacrifice and co-work are fistful. 'Justice is what it says. ”
This "floating tour" is another modified version of "Bo Sui", "floating" and "Bo", "you" and "by (繇)" are also close to the sound of the word, a sound turn, but to the transformation of the appearance is "its shape like a bear", no longer the Hydra - it can be seen that the myths and legends in the circulation of the blackmail is very violent, if not carefully distinguished, can never figure out its source.
The ancients created the myth of Xiangliu, as if it was not just to record the story of Yu Zhishui, but also for another purpose.
The Great Wilderness Of the North Classics says that Xiang Xuan "is the source of what he has done, and he is not hard but bitter, and the hundred beasts cannot be treated." Yu annihilated the flood, killed XiangXuan, its bloody smell, can not grow valley, its land is full of water, can not live also. It also specifically states that this place is "north of Kunlun."
For these records, many people just look at the hilarity, and no one wants to think about whether the ancients created this myth of practical significance. In fact, the myths created by the ancients often have a realistic purpose, rather than casually talking about them, and the Xiangliu myth is an example.
Regarding the Kunlun Void in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas", there are too many people speculating, most of them are unreliable, Mr. He Youqi clearly pointed out in the article "New Exploration of the "Sea Classic" that the Kunlun Void in the "Sea Classic" is today's Taishan in Shandong, and later Mr. He Xin also held this view in "The Origin of the Gods", which is a chiseling of the Hongmeng of the "Sea Classic", providing the most reliable landmark for us to understand the region of the "Sea Classic".
Taishan has been a sacred mountain in the minds of the ancients since ancient times, so the "Guan Zi Feng Zen Chapter" says that the ancient emperors who have sealed Zen Taishan since ancient times have "seventy-two families", that is not casually said, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" says that Kunlun is "the capital under the emperor" and "where the hundred gods are", which is the main reason why the ancients sealed Mount Taishan.
Legend has it that the Japanese Yachi Great Snake evolved from Aiyanagi
According to the data in the "Lu Zhi New Edition", in the areas along Liaocheng, Pingyin, Qihe, and Yucheng in the northwest and north of Mount Taishan, the saline and alkali flooding has been very severe since ancient times, such as liaocheng and Pingyin along the yellow area, the salinity and alkali flooding is serious, and it is impossible to develop agriculture, so it can only be excavated into fish ponds to develop fish farming; of the 1.25 million mu of farmland in Qihe County, more than 500,000 mu are saline-alkali waterlogged depressions, and the local circulation of shunkou is "hills flying sand, saline-alkali waterlogging depressions."
"Drought can not be planted, waterlogging does not harvest anything"; Yucheng County's salt and alkali flooding is also quite serious, "Yucheng County Chronicle" records: "Yucheng is full of alkali brine, the heavy grain does not grow, the residents are poor all year round, so cook more salt for a living." ”
The characteristics of this saline-alkali waterlogged depression are waterlogging when it rains slightly, and the water is not easy to eliminate, forming a waterlogged depression, and its water is bitter and salty; it is dry on a slightly sunny day, the ground water evaporates rapidly, the land is compacted and hard, and the salinity is flooded on the surface, such as frost like snow, white and vast, no grass, the real thing is "not hard work, a hundred beasts can not be there", "can not tree five grain species".
Probably in the ancient times, the area along the yellow area north of Mount Taishan was this kind of "drought can not be planted, waterlogging does not harvest" situation, people really can not understand how this is going, they created the myth of Xiangliu to explain: it is Xiangliu who made this place low wet and waterlogged, the so-called "Zexi", "that is, the source of Zeze", the water and soil are not hard (saline), Yu killed Xiangliu, his blood increased pollution, salinity is more severe (blood is salty), can not grow five grains.
Therefore, the Xiangliu myth in the Classic of Mountains and Seas is a derived myth used by people at that time to explain the phenomenon of waterlogging salinity in the yellow area north of Kunlun Void (Taishan), indicating that in ancient times, people had already understood the land of waterlogged depression and were seeking reasonable explanations.
I am Xiao Qi, a Sichuan girl who is obsessed with studying the Classics of Mountains and Seas and demons and ghosts, and I like to pay attention to me.
Copyright statement: This article is an exclusive invitation manuscript of Shanhai Declassified Xiaoqi, which prohibits all forms of reprinting, misappropriation and washing, and unauthorized theft without consent will be investigated to the end.
【Reference】
The Classic of Mountains and Seas
Shang Shu
"Zhuangzi"
"Chinese"
"Kizuka Trivia"
(Jin) Emperor Fumian: The Biography of Gao Shi
Lu Xun: "Picking Up Flowers and Nights"
Yang Kuan: An Introduction to Ancient Chinese History
He Youqi, "A New Exploration of the Haijing", Historical Research, No. 2, 1985.
He Xin: The Origin of the Gods, Guangming Daily Press, 1996.
Dazhong Daily: Lu Zhixin, Dazhong Ribao, 1988.