Mr. Chen Duxiu is a qualified cultural person, not a qualified revolutionary.
Chen Duxiu single-handedly carried the banner of "new culture" in the early days of the new culture movement, flaunted and shouted under the banner of science and democracy, and gathered a number of backbone cadres of the new cultural movement, such as Li Dazhao and Hu Shi, to promote the people's ideological emancipation movement. When the magazine "New Youth" written by him was published and printed, it immediately caused a huge sensation, and was regarded by some young people as "the foot sound of the empty valley and the light of the dark room", giving great hope to people with lofty ideals who were looking for a way out of the countrymen in the confusion, and Chen Duxiu also became the leader of the new cultural movement.
During his studies in Japan, he was most acquainted with Zhang Shizhao and Su Manshu, and the three of them shared a house. He himself was an avid lover of Western literature and admired Hugo's Les Misérables. He said that all the masterpieces of European literature have been dabbled in, and none of them can be compared with "Les Misérables". At the same time, he considered himself to be most interested in the "elementary school" (i.e., the phonological precepts) and the "Shuowen" examination, and he studied them all his life.
A generation of merry-go-to-sumanshu
He said that Su Manshu was a monk of good manners, extremely intelligent, excellent in poetry, literature, calligraphy and painting, a great lover, a great ruthless person, a sentient person who also fell in love, and ruthlessly said that he was a monk. Su Manshu paints, teaching people to see as if they are thousands of miles away, which is fascinating, and his chants are specialized in sentences, which make people think, and there are holes in the sky between the lines. Su Manshu's translation of Byron and Shelley's poems are all written in ancient Chinese poetry, which is both original and re-created, which is quite wonderful. But he also loves to eat lard rice cakes, which is really a false monk.
Su Manshu's work: Panasonic Waterfall
Once the three of them broke the cooking, and asked Su Manshu to take some clothes to the pawnshop to buy some money to buy food, but when Su did not return, they slept because they were intolerant of hunger. Sue came back at midnight with a book in her hand. They asked him, "What about money?" What did you buy?" Su said: "I can't find this book, I flipped through it at the night market today." They said, "You crazy monk! Have you forgotten that we are hungry?" Sue said, "I'm not the same, you won't be hungry when you get up and read this book." They were so angry that they scolded a few times: "Dead monk, crazy monk", and they fell asleep, and Sue saw the book until dawn until he finished reading it.
He said that Zhang Shizhao, unlike the two of them, did not love literature and art but devoted himself to politics and law, and was a complete official fan. At that time, Zhang was in love with a lady of Daisa, and was detected by Daisa, who wrote a letter to duel with Zhang. The three of them discussed that Zhang had escaped to avoid a catastrophe, otherwise Zhang would have died under the knife of Na Dazuo, and he would not have been the minister of justice and the minister of education when Duan Qirui was in power. He said that although the three of them have their own personalities and interests, they are harmonious in friendship and have no mustard, and can be called close friends.
Zhang Shizhao, the elder of Xinhai who gambled, prostituted, smoked opium, and kept concubines
In addition to these two people, Chen Duxiu and Zhang Taiyan also often passed, he admired Zhang's "Park Xue" and considered him a "national treasure", and Zhang also appreciated Chen's "primary school" and regarded him as a "fearful friend". He said that Zhang Taiyan was stingy, and when his friends borrowed money from him to repay him, he had to pay interest, and he was not ashamed of it, he was a money-hungry person, and a typical example of a literati who had no deeds.
Zhang later wrote epitaphs and life orders for warlord bureaucrats, and the fact that an article cost 5,000 to 10,000 yuan was a manifestation of his vulgar personality. He said that although Zhang Taiyan had a deep knowledge of Chinese literature and history, he also had a ridiculous prejudice, and Zhang Taiyan believed that the oracle bone was a forgery of the Song Dynasty, which made people see Zhang's ignorance in this regard.
Shota flame works
Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, asked Chen Duxiu to be the head of literature at Peking University (equivalent to the later dean of literature), and he said that Cai Yuanpei was a loyal elder who advocated "inclusiveness" and academic freedom, as long as his words were reasonable and reasonable, no matter what the doctrine or what he advocated, he could come to Peking University to give a lecture. Therefore, at that time, he hired li dazhao, Hu Shi, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong and other so-called new professors, and also invited royalist professors such as Gu Hongming.
Gu Hongming, who has 13 doctoral degrees in Europe and the United States
Chen Duxiu said that Peking University at that time was very interesting, Gu Hongming took a child servant to class to fill him with cigarettes and pour tea, he sat on a chair, pigtails dragged, slowly lectured, one would smoke shisha, the other would drink tea.
Cai Yuanpei could tolerate him putting up a shelf like this, and he was not angry at all. As for Chen, Hu, Qian, Liu, and others, it doesn't matter what school they talk about, what doctrine they talk about, even if they blow the sky down, he doesn't care. A lecture that students are free to listen to and do not prevent. Chen admired Cai's style and said that academic freedom should be like this.
He said that he had great admiration and admiration for Li Dazhao (Shou Chang), who was a socialist fighter with great integrity. From the appearance of his appearance, he is a good gentleman, and in essence, his words and deeds in his life are like the passage of the sun and the moon, the travels of rivers and rivers, the light and the light, and the liver and gallbladder shine on people.
Duan Qirui had personally been to the front line in the "March 18" massacre, and Zhang Zuolin wanted to arrest him, and he had heard about it beforehand, but he insisted on his post and could not bear to put down his work. In the end, he regarded death as a homecoming, was generous and righteous, and his face did not change color, and the world called him the forerunner of Marxism and a model of revolutionaries, which is not at all too prestigious.
His study of Marxism was much more profound than that of the people at that time. His sincerity to comrades is not comparable to that of ordinary people. In the cold winter moon, he gave his newly made cotton jacket to his comrades, and the young comrades went to his house and did not come out hungry. Heroes and heroes should live with heaven and earth forever. And self-humbled South Chen has a false name, and North Li is indeed like the Beidou.
In the early days of the May Fourth Movement, Chen, along with Hu Shi, Liu Bannong, and Qian Xuan, was considered to be a literary acquaintance, and all published articles in the New Youth, which was called Chen, Hu, Qian, and Liu at that time. After Chen was imprisoned, Hu Shi visited the prison, and Chen said that Hu Shi was a really unpredictable person, had the courage to speak boldly and wildly in "New Youth", and also wrote some clarion-style articles. It also contributed to the New Culture Movement. But when he took a step forward, he had to stop and wait and see, and then he took one step and took two steps backwards, which was difficult to save.
I had pinned my hopes on him and talked to him about Marxism, and sometimes he got excited, and I said that Marx was a thinker, but I went back to Dewey. Hu said to Chen, "You believe in your Marx, I believe in my Dewey, each is not strong, each does not interfere with each other, why should everyone take one road? As a result, he went from Dewey to Chiang Kai-shek and to Washington as ambassador to China.
Chen felt sorry for him. Chen said, if you only do academic research, you may not be despised. Hu Shi said, I also feel sorry for you, if you are not the leader of a political party and concentrate on academic research, you will also achieve something in your mind and not be imprisoned. Hu Shi told Chen Duxiu that vernacular literature had been established, and That Lao She, Ba Jin, and Cao Yu were outstanding writers. Chen asked Lu Xun and Mao Dun what? Hu Da, without seeing their works, these two are afraid to devote themselves to literature in the service of the revolution. Hu's words are ironic.
Chen and Hu's personal friendship is relatively deep, Hu Shi said, without your "On Literary Revolution", vernacular literature, it is difficult to achieve today's achievements. Chen said that without your "Discussion on the Improvement of Literature", literature would still stop in the cage of the eight strands.
Chen talked about Liu Bannong, saying that he did not have any research on phonology, but he talked about phonology in front of the French, thinking that the French did not understand phonology, but the French phonologists refuted him to the point of exhaustion, making him red in the face and running away.
A person should do his studies in the spirit of knowing what he knows, not knowing what he does not know, not knowing is not ashamed, and if he does not know what he knows, he must throw his face away and get landless self-esteem. Liu Bannong is "the mother of the eight precepts of the pig floating in the sea and an ugly foreigner", which should be taken as a lesson.
Now that he is dead, Hu Shi wrote a letter of love: "Shou Chang died tragically, Duxiu Yu prisoner, new young and old friends, and now he is a weak one, playing oil funny, humorous feelings, the acquaintances of that year, no one does not cry and half a farmer." Chen said that this joint is not written very cleverly, but Yu has the same feeling.
Regarding Qian Xuantong, Chen Duxiu said that he was the most radical figure at that time, and every article was surprisingly "left", but later he was no longer "left" and not radical. Chen said that he wanted to seal all ancient books and abolish Chinese characters, do you think he can be "left" surprisingly?
Qian Xuantong, who shouted that "if a person lives to be 40 years old, he should be shot", the father of the famous scientist Qian Sanqiang
Speaking of Lu Xun, Chen Duxiu said that first of all, it must be admitted that he is the leading figure among modern Chinese writers. His novellas, in terms of content, form, structure, and expression, are superior, much deeper than other writers, and therefore much heavier. However, in my shallow opinion, compared with the world's first-class writers and Chinese classical writers, it seems that there is still a distance. On "New Youth", he is a famous warrior, but not a main general, we welcome him to write, and we also welcome his second brother Zhou Jianren to write, historical facts, this is the case.
Now some people say that he is the main general of "New Youth", and the rest of the people seem to be insignificant. I am extremely in favor of freedom of speech, but it is not a attitude of loyalty to history to the excessive reputation or ruin of a person. In short, I have a great admiration for Lu Xun, I regard him as a friend of fear, and I am ashamed of the sharpness and profundity of his writing. People say his essays are like daggers, and I say his essays are better than big knives. In his later years, he gave up literature to engage in political discourse, and it cannot be said that it was not - a loss, I was expecting him to have great works, and I hope that my expectations will not be disappointed.
Looking at the ups and downs of Mr. Chen Duxiu's life, it can be described by the words that Zhang Shizhao gave to Chen Duxiu in 1926: "The unruly horse, the galloping, the unruly Ban fushang, the grass that turns back is not gnawing, the gas is exhausted, and the same as the mortal horse is dark." This means that Chen Duxiu is like a wild horse that is free of reins and does not walk on a flat road, has to climb a steep slope full of bumps, never eats back grass, or rushes forward in one breath and walks to the end. So unusual, so unconventional, debauched, the last breath is gone, or will fall to the ground like an ordinary horse to die.
Resources
Pu Qingquan, "Chen Duxiu I Know", edited by the Literature and History Materials Research Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Selected Literature and History Materials, No. 71, 1963