In the rivers and seas of the East, there is a kind of fish that is extremely delicious and strangely poisonous. Only the ashes-level gourmets who eat as home dare to taste their wonderful taste that may be fatal. The Song Dynasty's great writer Dongpo wrote a good sentence for these fish: "Artemisia annua is full of reed buds short, which is exactly when the puffer fish wants to go up". Mr. Wang Zengqi, a modern literary hero, issued a foodie-style sigh of "more than sixty years of hatred, and has not desperately eaten pufferfish".
So the question is, should the fish that Mr. Wang is ready to eat to the death be called "pufferfish" or "pufferfish"?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the origin of the name, is it "pufferfish" or "pufferfish"? </h1>
The character "yue" next to the word "moon" representing meat and the "豕" representing the pig make up the Chinese character for "dolphin". According to the explanation of the "Explanation of Words", the meaning of the dolphin is "Xiao Fengye." From the province of Yan, pictograms. From holding meat again, to the shrine", that is, piglets or sacrificial pork. Why is the fish that cannot be beaten with pigs and pigs called "pufferfish", which is now impossible to verify, perhaps the ancients felt that these chubby guys looked like piglets?
The qualifications of the word "鲀" are not as old as the word "dolphin", and the ancient dictionary compiled by Gu Yewang of the Southern Dynasty Liang simply records "pufferfish, fish name". Neither "dolphin" nor "pufferfish" initially referred to one or one type of animal. Probably around the Time of the Song Dynasty, "pufferfish" and "pufferfish" were used to refer to several species of pufferfish that migrated to the estuary of rivers in spring and summer. At that time, there was no college entrance examination, and there was no national standard answer, "puffer fish" and "pufferfish" were used casually, and the appearance rate of the word "pufferfish" was obviously higher.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > biologically different from "pufferfish"</h1>
Today, when the taxonomic science is becoming more and more mature, the meaning of "dolphin" and "pufferfish" has been more strictly distinguished. The word "dolphin" is generally used for the naming of mammals such as capybaras and guinea pigs, and many aquatic mammals of the order whale are also called "dolphins", which we are familiar with are finless porpoises, white-tipped dolphins, so-and-so dolphins and so on. Several cetaceans that mainly live in rivers naturally become "puffer fish", such as the pufferfish, the South Asian pufferfish, and the Amazon pufferfish.
In modern biology, the word "pufferfish" usually refers to the fish of the order Pufferfish, and the pufferfish is a collective term for some of the fish of the pufferfish family. Pufferfish are a large family, which includes sea trolls such as the sunfish, as well as cute creatures such as pufferfish, stingrays, and box pufferfish. Like pufferfish, many pufferfish use deadly toxins to defend themselves.
Many species of pufferfish, stingrays, also possess rapid swallowing of air and seawater, seconds into a true. Fun life-saving trick for fishskin balloons. Perhaps because the temperament is also fat and round, the glorious image of the box pufferfish and the stingray often appears in articles introducing pufferfish.
Speaking of this, the friends should understand it. What the ancients called "pufferfish" and "pufferfish" are actually the same thing, and there is no one right or wrong.
However, according to modern taxonomy, the "pufferfish" group of fish is very different from the "pufferfish" group of beasts. As a new generation of foodies with knowledge and pursuits, we fight to the death to eat drops of delicious food, of course, it must be pufferfish and not puffer fish
To sum up, from a biological point of view, the term "pufferfish" is more accurate than "pufferfish"; but when it comes to food, "pufferfish" and "pufferfish" can be used, and there is no question of who is right and who is wrong.
1. Pufferfish: Blowfish is a general term for mammals of the animal kingdom, chordate phylum, vertebrate subphylum, mammals, euphrasidae, cetaceans, and toothed whales.
2, pufferfish: pufferfish for the animal kingdom chordate phylum, vertebrate subphylum, rayfin fish, pufferfish, pufferfish, oriental pufferfish fish (why is it called oriental pufferfish?). Because most of them are active in the western coast of the Pacific Ocean such as the Coastal Area of China and the Sea of Japan)
Animal kingdom - Chordate Phylum - Vertebrate subphylum - Rayfin fishes - Sturgeons - Sturgeon suborders - Pufferidae (Tetraodontyceae) - Oriental pufferfish genus
There are 191 species in 28 genera and 57 species in 10 genera in China. (Several genera are too many versions, Atugo really can't verify)
Common genera in the pufferfish family are rabbit pufferfish, ventral stingray, oriental pufferfish, bottlenose puffer, concave-nosed pufferfish, fork-nosed pufferfish and flat-backed pufferfish
Oriental pufferfish: Takifugu is a genus of pufferfish in the family Pufferfish. There are about 21 species (16 in China, and 5 new species have been discovered later). Commonly known as pufferfish, also known as blowing spit fish, boat mackerel, bubble fish.
Distribution: China, Japan and North Korea, the Soviet Far East Pacific, the Philippines and Indonesia.
Lifestyle: Puffer fish are warm temperate and tropical offshore demersal fish that inhabit offshore fish. A few enter the freshwater rivers. Staples are shellfish, shrimp, crabs and small fish. When killed by an enemy, it can inflate the abdomen, making the whole body spherical, and the small thorns on the skin are erected for self-defense.
Pufferfish are extremely rich in resources in China, with an annual output of about 3 million to 4 million tons, and can be caught almost all year round in the coastal area. In the Yangtze River and pearl river, there is a flood season between spring and summer, which is one of the main fishing objects along the coast and in the middle and lower reaches of the river. In China, there are more than 21 kinds of pufferfish living along the coast from Liaoning to Guangdong, of which the dark oriental pufferfish enter the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, pearl river and other river systems.
There are 21 species of oriental pufferfish in China, which are distributed in the north and south of the coast. There are more species in the Yellow Bohai Sea and the East China Sea, with 14 species each, and fewer in the South China Sea, with only 7 species. Of the 21 species native to China, 5 are endemic species found only in China. Common species such as the redfin oriental pufferfish, which is the most valuable species in this genus; the insect-striped oriental pufferfish; and the striped oriental pufferfish. Puffer fish meat is delicious, but the internal organs contain a highly toxic toxin called tetrodotoxin. Tetrodotoxin is used to treat neurological disorders and to stop bleeding and relieve pain. Pickled and dried products are available for consumption; Fresh fish can also be eaten after the skin, internal organs and blood have been removed. [Note: The above data is not completely 100% correct, and the Oriental pufferfish has been discovered one after another. 】
Geographical distribution map of Chinese oriental pufferfish:
Map of the geographical distribution of pufferfish
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the whole class of oriental pufferfish</h1>
1. Leopard-print oriental pufferfish
Leopard-print oriental pufferfish have a brownish-green body, with many small black-brown round spots scattered on the back and sides of the body, with a spot diameter about equal to the enlarged pupil; the ventral surface is white; and the posterior edge of the caudal fin is orange-red. The body length is generally less than 200mm. It is distributed in Korea, Japan and China; china is produced in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It is an inshore carnivorous demersal fish. The number is small, the internal organs and other highly toxic, remove the internal organs, blood and skin and wash it can be eaten;
The sexiest pufferfish - leopard-print oriental pufferfish
2. Insect-patterned oriental pufferfish
The body is rounded and prismatic. The nostrils are located on both sides of the nasal sac protrusions, and the nasal sac protrusions do not split. The mouth is small, the body is scaleless, it is smooth, and it is full of insect-like spots. It is found in Korea, Japan and the coast of China, and is a tropical offshore demersal fish. It generally lives in temperate zones. The type of origin of this species is in Nagasaki.
Insect patterns
3. Star-dotted Oriental Pufferfish
Star point oriental pufferfish (scientific name: Takifugu niphobles) is also known as black dot multi-era pufferfish, star point multi-era pufferfish, commonly known as star point pufferfish, turtle fish, the fish's liver, intestine, egg are fiercely poisonous, liver is poisonous throughout the year, especially unlike other pufferfish is the sperm nest has strong poison. The virulence of the whole fish can reach 100,000 units. A single fish can poison a pig over 100 kilograms.
【Distribution】 South Japan, East China Sea, inhabiting the deep coastal waters
4. Bow-spotted oriental pufferfish
The bow-spotted oriental pufferfish is both a food fish and an ornamental fish of the puffer family, also known as a spectacled doll. The body is oval in shape with a slender tip at the tail. The kiss is blunt. Small mouth, terminal position. The jaws each have 2 beak-like tooth plates. The body is bare, with only small spines in the back and abdomen. The dorsal and fins are opposite; the pectoral fins are broad and short; there is no ventral fin; and the caudal fins are truncated. There is a saddle-like spot on the dorsal side and a large black spot at the base of the dorsal fin.
5. Dark green oriental pufferfish
Dorsal fin 14; fin 13; Pectoral fin 16. The body length is 3.8 times the body height and 3.9 times the head length; The head is 2.4 times the length of the snout and 6.0 times the diameter of the eye. The body is elongated, nearly subcylindrical. The head is medium and large, and the snout is blunt and round. Small mouth, anterior; The upper and lower jaws each have 2 beak-like tooth plates. The head, body back, and abdomen have small, weak spines, and the backstabbing area is separated from the abdominal spine area, and the body side is smooth and thornless. 1 dorsal fin, sickle-shaped, fin similar to the dorsal fin, pectoral fin wide and short, caudal fin truncated. The dorsal and upper parts of the body are consistently dark green, fading gray downwards, white on the abdomen, and slightly yellowish along the abdominal folds; There is a large black spot on the upper back of the pectoral fin, there is no light-colored edge ring around the rim, and most of it is not covered by the pectoral fin; There is also a large black spot at the base of the dorsal fin; The upper part of the pectoral fin is grayish-black and the lower part is grayish yellow. Body length up to 355mm. It is found in the northern Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea and is endemic.
Dark green oriental pufferfish
6. Reticulated Oriental Pufferfish
Body color markings vary with body length, with white spots scattered on the body at 100 mm in length; white spots gradually turn into reticulated spots when the body is up to 180 mm long; there are 3 dark transverse bands on the back of the body; and there is a large black spot with a white ring at the end of the pectoral fin, which is about 2/3 above the end of the pectoral fin. Body length up to 295mm. It is found in China and is found in the Yellow and East China Seas. It is a poisonous fish.
7. Purple Oriental Pufferfish
Purple oriental pufferfish, the individual is larger, generally 25 to 30 cm long, weighing about 300 grams. The body is smooth and spineless, the body surface markings change with the growth of the fish body, and the individual's body is densely covered with brown dots, which gradually disappear with the individual's growing spots and appear uniform purple-brown. The ventral surface is milky white. There are large dark brown round spots on the upper posterior part of the pectoral fin and at the base of the dorsal fin. Various pufferfish are found in the western Pacific Ocean. China's South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and Yalu River, Liaohe River, Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Pearl River and other major rivers have output.
= Red-brown oriental pufferfish = orthogonal pufferfish = Fine-spotted oriental pufferfish Fugu punctatus = Ashi oriental pufferfish F. abbotti
8. Redfin Oriental Pufferfish (farmed))
Redfin Oriental Pufferfish (scientific name: Takifugu rubripes): Is a large pufferfish, the body length is generally between 350-450 mm, the maximum can reach 800 mm, weighing more than 10 kg. Primary sexual maturity males 350 mm, females 360 mm. The body is subcylindrical , with small spines on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. The upper and lower jaws each have 2 beak-like tooth plates. The lateral skin folds of the body are well developed. The back is dark gray , and there are many black stripes behind the thorax. The hips are all white.
Wild populations are shrinking due to marine pollution, ship navigation and other factors. Due to the delicious meat quality, a large number of artificial breeding has been used to supply market demand. In October 2016, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China and the State Food and Drug Administration jointly issued the Notice on Conditionally Liberalizing the Processing and Operation of The Cultured Redfin Oriental Pufferfish and the Breeding of Dark-striped Oriental Pufferfish, proposing that the farmed pufferfish can only be sold after being processed by qualified agricultural product processing enterprises. The pufferfish of the processing enterprise should originate from the river pufferfish source base filed with the Ministry of Agriculture. This means that the first batch of 16 river pufferfish produced in the source base of the breeding river pufferfish officially has the qualification of circulating in the market after processing.
9. Dark-striped oriental pufferfish (farmed)
Takifugu obscurus ( scientific name : Takifugu obscurus ) is nearly rounded , gradually thinned at the posterior , and slightly flattened tail stalk. The head is moderately long, the snout is short, and the front end is rounded and blunt. The end of the mouth is located, transversely lobed, the lower lip is long and wrapped around the outer end of the upper lip, and there are 2 beak-like tooth plates on the upper and lower jaws. The eyes are small and lateral superior. 2 nostrils, located on the upper side of the eye. The gill foramen are medium-sized and are located in front of the base of the pectoral fin. The back is covered with small prickly scales on the skin from behind the nostrils to the front of the dorsal fin, from under the nostrils to the front of the anus, and from the gill holes. The skin at the snout, body side and tail stalk is bare, smooth, and without spiny scales. The dorsal fin is small and slightly rounded; the pectoral fin is short and broad. There are several light stripes on the back. On the upper body side behind the pectoral fin there is a large black round spot with a blurred white edge.
Mainly distributed in China's coastal waters (East, Yellow, Bohai Sea) and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is a marine freshwater migratory fish, broodstock spawn from the sea reverse river in spring, and juvenile fish are fattened in the Yangtze River and lakes, and enter the sea in the spring of the following year. It is a migratory fish that inhabits the middle and lower layers of the water, mainly distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the lower reaches of the tonghai rivers. From March each year, flocks of fish are spawned and bred in the Yangtze River, and the juveniles live in rivers or lakes through the river to fatten up, and return to the sea in the spring of the following year.
10. False-eyed Oriental Pufferfish
The false-eyed oriental pufferfish (scientific name: Takifugu pseudommus) is a fish in the genus Oriental pufferfish in the family Pufferfish. The body is cylindrical in shape, with small spines on the back and ventral surface. The kiss is small round mouth. The upper and lower jaws have two beak-like tooth plates. The back is grayish-black, scattered with small spots, blurred as it grows. The upper part of the body side pectoral fin has a large round black spot on the upper back, with white edges. There are no black markings on the back of the chest spots. It is found in Kyushu, North Korea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. The type origin of this species is in Suzhou.
11. Double-spotted oriental pufferfish
Takifugu bimaculatus is an offshore warm and temperate demersal fish with a body length of 2.8-3.6 times the body height and a head length of 2.7-3.0 times; The head length is 2.0-2.3 times the length of the snout and 5.1-7.3 times the diameter of the eye. The body is sub-cylindrical and tapers backwards. The head is medium long and the snout is rounded and blunt. The eyes are small and superior lateral. Small mouth, anterior; The upper and lower jaws each have 2 beak-like tooth plates. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the head are covered with strong small spines, the body side is smooth and spineless, and the backstabbing area is separated from the abdominal spine area. 1 dorsal fin, the fin is similar to the dorsal fin; The pectoral fins are broad and short; The caudal fin is truncated. The dorsal side of the body has more than ten gray-brown arc-shaped horizontal stripes; 1 large black spot on the upper posterior part of the pectoral fin; A dark spot on the base of the dorsal fin; There is 1 dark spot on the outer and inner sides of the basal of the pectoral fin. Body length up to 325mm. Distributed in the South China Sea, the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea, its flesh is tender and delicious, its nutritional value is high, the fat content is low, and the pufferfish toxin extracted from its gonads, liver and other internal organs has high medical value.
12. Yellowfin Oriental Pufferfish (Striped Oriental Pufferfish)
The yellowfin oriental pufferfish (scientific name: Takifugu xanthopterus, also known as the yellowfin multi-age pufferfish, commonly known as the yellowfin pufferfish, the flower pufferfish, the flower turtle fish, the good fish, the red-eyed fish, the card grass liu street, the qi gauge, the gauge) is a species of fish in the genus Oriental pufferfish in the family Quadrangleidae. Yellowfin Oriental Pufferfish is widely distributed, more common in various sea areas, and the yield is higher. Sharp teeth, often biting off fishing hook rope wire and net gear. It should not be consumed, the ovaries and liver are highly toxic, the large intestine is toxic, and the muscles, skin, and sperm nest are non-toxic
13. Lead point oriental pufferfish
Lead-spotted oriental pufferfish [1] (scientific name: Takifugu alboplumbeus), also known as lead-spotted multi-level pufferfish, is a fish in the genus Oriental pufferfish in the family Pufferfish. It is distributed along the northern coast of the Indian Ocean, east to Indonesia, North Korea and the South China Sea, The East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea and other seas, and is a warm and warm offshore demersal fish. The type origin of this species is in Guangdong. Lead-spot oriental pufferfish (Takifugu alboplumbeus) common name: boat bar, wax head, turtle fish and so on
14. Horizontal striped oriental pufferfish
Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) is a species of fish in the family Pufferidae, Oriental Pufferfish. The body is subcletonical and slightly flattened at the tail. The head is wide and rounded, with small nostrils, 2 on each side. The body is densely packed with small spines. It is a poisonous fish, and its ovaries, internal organs, blood, spinal cord and other parts contain highly toxic river fish toxin (tetrontoxin), which can be killed by accidental ingestion of humans and animals. Carnivorous, mainly eating shrimp and crabs, shellfish and juvenile fish, the anterior ventral side and posterior ventral side of the esophagus are enlarged into air sacs, which can inhale water or air when encountering enemies, so that the chest and abdomen are inflated like balls and float on the surface of the water
15. Chrysanthemum oriental pufferfish
Takifugu flavidus is a fish in the genus Oriental puffers in the family Pufferidae. It is found in the coastal waters of the Northwest Pacific Region. In China, it is distributed in the East China Sea, yellow sea, Bohai Sea and other seas, and belongs to the temperate offshore demersal fish. The type origin of this species is in Qingdao.
16. Secret point Oriental pufferfish
The dorsal and upper surfaces of the densely spotted oriental pufferfish are densely covered with many dark blue spots; the ventral side is light in color and has no chest spots; the pectoral and fins are yellow; and the caudal fins and dorsal fins are black and blue. Body length up to 350mm. It is found in Japan and China; it is produced in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. It is a poisonous fish.
Takifugu orbimaculatus, Takifugu coronoidus, of which the round-spotted oriental pufferfish and the halo-ring oriental pufferfish are new species Between 1980 and 1982, the Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences conducted a survey of fishery resources in the waters of the Pearl River, and later collected a number of small and medium-sized oriental pufferfish specimens. Among them, 50 of them are different from other species that have been recorded, and after anatomical comparative study, it is considered to be a new species, and it is named the round-spotted oriental pufferfish
From July 1979 to November 1981, 24 specimens of oriental pufferfish with a length of 32-214 mm were collected at the mouth of the Yangtze River, and after comparative study of morphological characteristics and anatomy, it was considered to be a new species, and was named Halo Oriental Pure Takifugu coronoidus Ni et Li nov. sp.。 The main and subtype specimens are stored in the East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Among them, there are three new species that have not yet been verified, T. bariomaculatus, T. guttulatus, T.guttulatus and T.plagiocellatus, with weak skin spines, separation of spines on the back and abdomen, and slightly smaller chest spots on the side of the body; mostly distinguished by the distribution of body dorsal markings.
Now on the two kinds of Atugo real shooting, look at what kind of pufferfish do you think it is?
Friends who guess right, reward two chicken legs.
PS: Friends who have real photos of various pufferfish, welcome to share in the comment area, or private message Atugo, Atugo is greatly appreciated.