Qin II died, Liu Bang took his place, how to complete the transformation from rogue to emperor status, is his top priority, to rule the world or a set of theories and laws that can establish their supreme authority, at this time the Confucian appearance of the master of the legal theory Shusun Tong came to the stage of history.
As the founder of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, achieved the ultimate leap in identity status for the first time in Chinese history. Liu Bang's rival Xiang Yu was a descendant of the Chu general Xiang Yan, and it goes without saying that the other six kingdoms that were destroyed, including the princely states of the Zhou Dynasty and the Xia Shang, all of these rulers belonged to the aristocratic class that had been passed down from generation to generation.
The Liu Bang clique, which arose with the Chen rebellion, opened an era of dynastic change in which everyone took turns to sit in the throne and everyone had a share.
As a grassroots Liu Bang and his friends, Fan Duo, Xiahou Baby, Zhou Bo, etc. are not from humble origins, Fan Duo is a butcher who sells dog meat, Xiahou Baby is a coachman, Zhou Bo is a trumpet blower at a funeral, Liu Bang himself is from a peasant family, often drinks alcohol and does not give money to fool around with friends, and later became a petty official Surabaya Pavilion Chief.
These people, if they had lived in the Chengping era, would not have been enthroned as marquises and worshipped, or even become emperors. The break of the aristocratic hereditary system can be traced back to the Shang martingale, with the intensification of the war between the princely states, only relying on the nobles to fight the war is far from meeting the needs of the war, then the civilians are absorbed into the army in large quantities, as long as they make military achievements, they can naturally achieve class leaps.
However, there is a problem with the commoners becoming aristocrats and occupying high positions, that is, they have not heard of the etiquette norms taught by the noble families, and they do not know how to establish their authority as a minister and a monarch, and how to pay attention to their words and deeds.
After Liu Bang unified the world, he once held a banquet with the heroes, everyone was drunk with red ears, some people also took swords and armed themselves, yelled and shouted in their voices, and when they were interested, they split the pillars of the palace a few times, and from time to time let Liu Bang watch. When Liu Bang saw this scene, he naturally remembered the simple and happy time in Pei County before, but looking at the clothes on his body, he felt that it was too unusual, which was completely different from the style of the First Emperor he had seen. Embarrassed to have a seizure, reprimanded them, and could only sulk on their own.
At this time, a key figure appeared, he was Shusun Tong.
Shusun Tong prides himself on being a Confucian, and his resume is as follows:
1. At the beginning of the Qin State as an official, after the Chen Shi uprising, Qin II was very afraid to ask the ministers what to do, the ministers said that the situation was very critical, hoping to send troops quickly, Hu Hai listened to it and was even more annoyed and afraid. Shusun Tong said that the world was peaceful, no one dared to rebel, a few small thieves, the magistrate can take it. Hu Hai was very happy to hear it. After the fall of the dynasty, many people accused him of speaking in the vernacular, and Shusun Tong retorted: If I don't say this, my life will be gone. As a booster of the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Shusun Tong was indispensable.
2. Later, when he returned to his hometown, he found that the Chu army led by Xiang Liang had taken it, so he naturally defected to Xiang Liang.
3. Xiang Liang was defeated by Zhang Handan, and Shusun Tong was attached to Emperor Yi of Chuhuai.
4. Emperor Yi was sent to Changsha by Xiang Yu, the king of Chu, and Shusun Tong felt that Emperor Yi was an empty monarch, and immediately became Xiang Yu's subordinate minister.
5. Xiang Yu was busy going to quell the war in the State of Qi, Liu Bang stole his home and captured Pengcheng, and Uncle Sun Tong immediately turned his face and followed Liu Bang.
This time, five masters were changed, and if Lü Bu was a family slave with three surnames, then Uncle Sun Tong was a family slave with six surnames. However, in fact, it was far more than that, and he finally survived with Liu Bang and returned to Luguo to receive Confucian disciples to serve Liu Bang, and some people did not say to him: "Those who serve in the public office and the ten lords are all honored with their faces to gain favor." "It seems that Uncle Sun Tong has at least ten masters."
Of course, good birds fold trees and perch, and Uncle Sun Tong is at ease in the chaotic world, which is naturally his skill. However, his self-proclaimed successor and promoter of Confucianism had a very bad impact.
The Confucian school, founded by Confucius, is not a school dedicated to the service of rulers, they have their own ethics and principles, and they will not change their positions for the sake of rulers. Confucius traveled around the world, Mencius said "the king is light", XunZi said "from the Tao and not from the king", all represent the independence of the Confucians themselves.
Shusun Tong, on the other hand, was known as a generation of Confucian masters during the Han Dynasty. But what he did was not at all like a Confucian, and under what he did, there was a shadow of the Dharma, and everything was based on the authority and preferences of the monarch.
He has no principles to speak of, but instead laughs at others for not changing. In terms of dressing, "Uncle Sun Tong Confucian dress, the King of Han hates it; it is to change his clothes, to wear short clothes, Chu system, Han Wang Xi." "When you say that you will change, you don't hesitate to know that Liu Bang hates Confucians."
What is even worse is that as mentioned above, Liu Bang was distressed that the minister did not know the etiquette and did not know how to deal with it. Shusun Tong saw the opportunity and immediately returned to the country of Lu, found those former friends, disciples, and came to Liu Bang's hands with the instruments, clothes, and classics used in the ceremony, began to practice and teach the ministers how to perform rituals and go to the court.
Liu Bang looked at the Manchu Dynasty Wenwu at his feet and bowed to his feet, and sighed: "I am known today as the emperor's noble lord." “
In this way, Liu Bang successfully completed the transformation from a scoundrel to a holy king monarch, and this transformation was established through Shusun Tong's "lord respects the subject and humbles the subject" style of etiquette. It is not difficult to imagine that Uncle Sun Tong, who served in the Qin State, must have brought the so-called Confucian etiquette full of legal characteristics. The greatest core of the Dharma's thought is the supreme authority of the monarch.
After that, the model of "lords respecting subjects and inferiority" intensified, and who doesn't like the emperor? Who would like Mencius's set of "jun is light"?
After Liu Bang's death, Shusun Tong was Emperor Hui of Han, and once, Emperor Hui made a mistake, and Shusun Tong actually said: "The lord of man has no fault." Now that it has been done, the people know it, and now it is bad, and it shows that it has been done wrong. "The Lord of Man will not make mistakes, and even if he is wrong, he cannot let the people know, why?" Because this will lose the majesty of the monarch, in this way, we can really see the theoretical background of Shusun Tong.
Shusun Tong's actions were indeed in line with the times, and he was extremely intelligent, not only familiar with Confucian etiquette, but also an expert in legal theory, and he knew exactly what the monarch needed. The bad influence he himself contributed to had a profound impact on future generations.