In 1921, in the West Village of Luzeyuan in Huazhou Township, Hua County, Weinan City, a horrific incident occurred, when Shi Binzhi, the old principal of the local Qili Temple, was tortured to death and thrown to death the corpse on the street because he wrote an article criticizing the domineering behavior of Liu Zhenhua, the head of the local warlord, and the local people did not dare to collect the body for Shi Jianzhi because of his obscene power.
After Wen Jihou, who was only 18 years old, knew about it, he risked a huge risk to lead the students to collect the body of the old man. The scene of the old man falling in a pool of blood did not frighten Wen Jihou, but made his faith more firm. The protagonist of our story today is Wen Jihou, who is only 18 years old, let us take it slowly.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" >: A weird family portrait</h1>
Among the materials preserved at the Weihua Uprising Memorial Hall, there is a black-and-white photograph that has been yellowed that has attracted the attention of the vast majority of visitors, and the narrator tells the story behind the photo to the visitors. This is a family portrait taken in the 1920s, and in the minds of ordinary people, words such as reunion, happiness, and happiness come to mind. And this family portrait is also a family, the same husband, wife and children, but it is not happy to reveal it.
Special "Family Portrait"
The picture goes like this: There are four people in the picture, and the man in the front of the middle wears a melon fur hat, a silk coat, and a pair of white socks and a pair of leather boots on his feet. At that time, this dress looked like a rich family, but on closer inspection, it seemed a little strange. The man's body seemed to be somewhat stiff, his eyes were closed, and his facial features were somewhat distorted.
Beside him was a woman holding a child, her expression full of sadness, holding the man with one arm and holding the child in her arms, and the child's face was full of panic. The man behind the woman wears a straw hat and the corners of his mouth are down, but the sadness can no longer be concealed. Looking at the man in the chair again, it seemed as if he was about to slip off the chair.
Elderly people know that men clearly wear a birthday coat. This man is wen jihou mentioned at the beginning, and when this family portrait was taken, Wen Jihou had already died, so this is a family portrait separated by yin and yang. The women and children in the photo are Wen Jihou's wife Wen Caoshi and child Wen Nianchi, respectively, and the man behind them is Wen Zhide from the same village. Behind the photo is a great story of the Red Revolution.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="34" > two: born large, heart to revolution</h1>
In 1903, Wen Jihou was born in a large family in Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province, and after his birth, he had no worries about food and clothing, and did not have to run all day for food like most revolutionary martyrs. Good family conditions have enabled Wen Jihou to receive a good education from an early age, and his parents have done their best to hope that Wen Jihou can honor his ancestors when he grows up. However, Wen Jihou was not valued in this large family, mainly because Wen Jihou's father had inherited from a relative's family, and since the Wen family had his own children, Wen's father had gradually been marginalized.
When Wen Jihou got a little older, his parents sent Wen Ji to Qili temple primary school, where Wen Jihou gained the first enlightenment of life. At that time, the principal of Qilisi Elementary School was Shi Binzhi mentioned at the beginning of the article, and as his name suggested, Shi Jianzhi was upright and upright, which had an important impact on the formation of Wen Jihou's personality.
After graduating from elementary school, Wen Jihou was admitted to Huaxian Middle School, and during his secondary school studies, he began to be exposed to revolutionary ideas, after which Wen Jihou became a staunch communist fighter. Looking at the weak-looking students, they have an indestructible iron will.
After graduating from HuaXian Middle School, Wen Jihou returned to Qilisi Primary School to teach, hoping to change the fate of the children in his hometown through education, and due to his outstanding work ability, he succeeded the old principal Shi Binzhi and became the new principal of Qilisi Primary School.
After becoming the principal of Qilisi Primary School, Wen Jihou felt that the burden on his shoulders was heavier, and he was afraid that he would not be able to do well. Less than a year after Wen Jihou had been in office, something happened that made him angry. It is the scene mentioned at the beginning of the article, Wen Jihou collects the old principal's body and buries it. From this moment on, Wen Jihou began to declare war on this dark old society until he died.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="37" > three: leading the peasant movement, unfortunately arrested</h1>
In 1926, Wen Jihou joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of Shi Zhuosheng and others, and in 1927 Wen Jihou began to assist Communist Party member Du Songshou and others in preparing for the Huaxian National Convention.
After that, Wen Jihou, Shi Zhuosheng and others organized the establishment of the Qilisi District Farmers Association to unite the local poor peasants. For a long time, Yang Baohe, director of the Grain And Straw Agency Office, has been squeezing the people in the vicinity for a long time, and corruption is particularly serious. After the establishment of the Qilisi District Peasants' Association, it led hundreds of poor people in Zhengcun, Qilisi, and other places to rush into Chishui Town together, punished Yang Baohe, who had committed wrongdoing, and distributed Yang Baohe and embezzled stolen funds to the poor people.
This incident greatly shocked the reactionary authorities in Huaxian County, who, in order to safeguard their own interests, repeatedly instigated the dispatched servants to go to the countryside and frequently extorted the poor people. Wen Jihou, together with other peasant associations, proposed to Ye Zhenben, the then county magistrate of Hua County, to punish those who violated the law and discipline. Ye Zhenben superficially agreed, but behind the scenes he ignored it. Wen Jihou once again led the peasants to ask for explanations, but Ye Zhenben still prevaricated, and finally aroused the people's indignation, and after only 43 days in office, he stepped down amid the people's spit.
Peasant movement
After the establishment of the peasants' association, under the leadership of Wen Jihou, Shi Zhuosheng, and other advanced elements, the peasant association that had been occupied by local evil gentry was dissolved, a number of bullies who undermined the peasant association were punished, and the development of the peasant movement in Huaxian County was greatly promoted, and Huaxian County took on a new look.
Ye Zhenben, the former county magistrate who was driven away, became the county magistrate of Hua County again after moving around, and Wen Jihou was extremely angry when he learned of this news. Uniting with progressive forces in various localities to jointly expel the reactionary county magistrate Ye Zhenben, although it was not successful, it was also a powerful deterrent to the reactionary forces.
After Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution, Feng Yuxiang cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek in checking out the Communists in Shaanxi, and the local reactionary forces in Huaxian County became more and more rampant, and in order to deter the reactionary forces, the Xuanhua Incident broke out. After the outbreak of the incident, the white terror in the Weinan area became more and more serious.
Xuanhua events
Song Zheyuan, chairman of the Shaanxi provincial government, issued a strict order to strictly inspect schools in Weihua and Hua, arrest progressives, and in response to the persecution of villains, the Huaxian party organization launched a tit-for-tat battle. The local squires watched the situation change, and at the behest of the reactionary forces, repeatedly falsely accused Wen Jihou of the Kuomintang government, saying that his evil words were a disaster for the township.
White was afraid that white had enveloped the whole of Hua County, and Wen Jihou had a premonition that the situation would deteriorate further, so on May 5, 1928, a branch meeting was held at the Qili temple primary school, at which Wen Jihou clarified the current focus of work. Wen Jihou said at the meeting: "Our identity has been exposed, the enemy is searching for us, we cannot stay here for long, and we should immediately transfer to northern Shaanxi." The meeting lasted until the middle of the night. Suddenly a whistle sounded, followed by a group of military police rushing into the school and immediately occupying the exits. Wen Jihou and the others simply did not have the time and opportunity to escape, and in the end, Xiao Chengdong and Shi Zhuosheng were unfortunately arrested and imprisoned in the Huaxian Detention Center.
After the three were imprisoned, Wen Jihou felt quite remorseful in his heart, believing that he had done things improperly and involved relevant comrades. Wen Jihou finally said to the other comrades: "My identity has been exposed, and I am the headmaster, and this matter is borne by me alone, you must not expose it, you must go out alive and see for me what it will look like after the victory of the revolution."
Fourth: Tortured and heroically sacrificed
Because of Wen Jihou's important status, the county magistrate Duan Ziguang and the police chief Wang Shuofu personally interrogated Wen Jihou, thinking that they could make a big achievement, and the two of them struggled with their tongues, but Wen Jihou did not say a word. The two finally ran out of patience and began to use various torture devices, burning every inch of Wen Jihou's skin with a red soldering iron. Wen Jihou passed out many times, but he never said a single word related to the party organization.
The Hua County authorities, who had nothing to do, planned to send Wen Jihou to Xi'an for trial, and Liu Zhidan, a comrade-in-arms who fought alongside Wen Jihou, received the information and arranged for 11 people to rescue Wen Jihou on the road. Because of the betrayal of the villain, the enemy is ready to execute Wen Jihou on the spot. However, the Hua County authorities knew that the Wen family had money and planned to use Wen Jihou to make a sum of money, but after the news was sent to the Wen family, only the parents and their wives and children were anxious. Others were eager to quickly execute this "evil seed" that caused trouble.
Seeing that nothing had been found, the reactionary forces in Huaxian county were ashamed and angry and ordered Wen Jihou's immediate execution. On May 28, 1928, Wen Jihou was taken to the execution ground, and although he had been tortured to the point of inhumanity, he was still upright and awe-inspiring, and before leaving, Wen Jihou shouted: "The Communists will not kill!" Long live the Communist Party. "Finally, he died heroically, only 25 years old, and under the harsh sun, the earth was solemn.
At the scene of the execution, Wen Zhide, a villager in the same village, witnessed the whole process, and his heart was extremely painful, and after the execution was over, after the people dispersed, Wen Zhide endured the grief and transported the body back to the village. When Wen Caoshi saw her husband's unbearable body, he immediately fainted, which woke up the young child, and Wen Zhide quickly covered Wen Jihou's body. After a few hours, the fainting Wen Caoshi also woke up, and he did not expect to wake up and the first sentence was to take a family portrait and let the child remember this brave father.
That night, Wen Caoshi entrusted the child to the care of the neighbors, and he and Wen Zhide scrubbed the body for their husband, looking at her husband's full of scars, Wen Caoshi's tears blurred his eyes. Warm water mixed with tears, Wen Cao wiped her husband's body inch by inch, and changed into a delicate birthday dress. Early the next morning, Wen Zhi went to the city to invite a photo master. In front of the village's large temple, Zhide was supported in the back, and Wen Caoshi picked up the six-year-old child and leaned on Wen Jihou tightly, leaving this special family portrait.
After the founding of New China, Wen Jihou was posthumously recognized as a martyr. On December 18, 1958, the Central People's Government issued Wen Jihou's family with the "Honorable Commemorative Certificate for the Families of Revolutionary Martyrs" issued by Chairman Mao himself. ”
Just like the slogan of 319 green bricks in the Weihua Uprising Memorial Hall, "Comrades hurry up and step on the blood of martyrs!" ”