Title XV, Chapter 30
Zi Yue: "Passing without changing is saying that it is too much." ”
No: There are three theories about the origin of the word no, one is that the oracle bone that says "no" is a special finger word derived from the "emperor" oracle bone glyph minus pen.
According to one theory, "Emperor" is the original word of "勷", that is, the meaning of "creation", the oracle bone "Emperor" refers to the word thing, the glyph is written with a horizontal finger symbol at the upper end of "wood" (tree), and the "cai" (house pillar room beam) at the upper end means to use the tree as a pillar and the tree as a beam, that is, to build a nest on the branch.
The invention of the nest dwelling enabled the ancestors to get rid of the dilemma of the cave dwelling with limited choices and inconvenient retreats, won an unprecedented and vast free space for survival, and made China's prehistoric civilization make a revolutionary leap forward; and the tribal leaders who first established branches as the nest were also honored by the ancestors as "emperors".
The idea of "no" in the oracle bones shows the negative attitude of the ancestors of the nest dwelling era to the unsafe way of living in the original tree dwelling.
There is also a word that says "no" "like the shape of a calyx, which is the original character of the calyx (the bottom of the calyx). "Poetry Xiaoya TangDi": "Tang Di Zhihua, Ebu Wei Wei (wěi). Among them, the "Ebu" is the calyx and the flower.
There is also a saying: the word is not like a small bird flying, such as "Saying Text": "No, the bird can't fly up and down." ”
The fourth statement is: "no" like a woman menstruating, which means not being able to have sex together. Later, it extends to the meaning of "can't", "can't", etc.
The now common "no" is borrowed as a negative adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, to indicate the opposite meaning. For example, "Poetry Wei Feng Va Tan": "No crops, no grain, three hundred hu taking he? ”
No can also mean prohibited, do not. For example, "Mencius Teng Wen Gongshang": "When the illness is cured, I will see you." Yizi is not coming! It can also mean no, no. "Book of Shangjun Changfa": "Governing the world is not the same. ”
Do not return the "Pi (pī)", the big meaning, such as the "Saying Of the Textual Training Dingsheng Yibu": "No, the borrowing is Pi. For example, "Poetry Zhou Song Qing Temple": "Not obvious and not inherited." "Mencius Teng Wen Gongxia" as "Pi Xian" and "Pi Cheng".
Not a word also means despicable. For example, in the Xunzi Fu Chapter: "What a gentleman respects and what a villain does not have? ”
No also means no, such as the "Book of Poetry - Wang Feng": "A gentleman is in service, not a day and a moon".
When "not" is borrowed as "no", read fǒu. "History of Lian Po Lin Xiang Xiang Biography": "The King of Qin asked Yi Widow bi with fifteen cities, can he give it or not?" ”
矣: shape sound character, small seal glyph, above is the word "to", below is "ya", from the arrow, to sound.
"To" can also be understood as the sound of the elephant arrow flying by, which is the tone of completion. Original meaning: tone word, equivalent to "up".
Indicates the completion tense, such as "Talking about the Three Rules of the Wolf": the bones are exhausted, and the two wolves are driven away.
Expressing resoluteness and affirmation, such as "Yi Zhi Zhixia": virtue is thin and dignified, knowing small and seeking big, small strength and heavy responsibility, rarely enough!
Indicates that it is true, such as: my old age. Express exclamations, such as: poison, big.
Yi is also a surname, belonging to the ethnic minority surname, most of which are distributed in Yunnan, Liaoning and other places.
The full text is understood to mean:
Confucius said, "If you have a mistake and do not correct it, this is really called a fault." ”
Everyone makes mistakes, and even a saint like Confucius said, "Qiu is also fortunate, and if you have had it, everyone will know it", which shows that he has also made mistakes. This is still the case for saints, and it is even more inevitable for the general public.
However, people cannot make the same mistake, and Confucius once praised Yan Hui and said: "Do not move anger, do not pass." This means that Yan Hui will not be angry with people, nor will he make the same mistake.
Confucius believed that people should have the courage to change, and in his "Analects of Language and Learning", Confucius said: "If you have passed, do not be afraid to change." ”
Confucius's disciples, such as Zigong and Zixia, have proposed what kind of attitude a person should have after "making a mistake."
Summarizing these remarks, we will find that Confucius particularly emphasized "correcting mistakes when they are wrong." That said, there is nothing scary about making mistakes, the key is how to deal with mistakes. This attitude is very important, and it is related to the question of whether we grow in mistakes or sink in mistakes.
Make mistakes, humbly correct them, and never make the same mistakes again, the mistakes made before are not mistakes, and even become experiences on the road of life.
However, if you know that you have made a mistake, but you have no intention of changing it, and if you do not repent, you can only go farther and farther down the wrong road and eventually slide into the abyss of failure.
Yi Yin put Tai Jia
Around 1600 BC, there was a crisis in the reign of The Xia King. The Xia Dynasty's vassal states in the east took the opportunity to first conquer the neighboring Xia vassal State of Ge (the feudal state of Gao Tao's grandson Dalian, north of present-day Ningling County, Henan Province) to ensure the safety of the Shang capital Nan bo (20 miles south of Cao County, Shandong).
Later, he sent the heavy minister Yi Yin to the capital of the Xia King to detect the virtual reality. Then, adopting the strategy of removing the wings of the Xia Dynasty separately, each broke through the Xia Dynasty vassal states of Fengwei (southeast of present-day Hua County, Henan Province), Gu Guo (present-day Juancheng County, Shandong Province), and Kunwu (present-day Xuchang), which were located between Xia and Shang, leaving Xia Wangjie isolated and helpless.
Then, Shang Tang led 70 chariots and 6,000 daredevil soldiers to attack the Capital of Xia. Xia Jie had no choice but to hastily lead Wang Shi to fight the Shang army in Mingtiao, and as a result, the Xia Dynasty army was defeated.
This war, known in history as the "Battle of Mingtiao", became a turning point in the demise of the Xia Dynasty. The result of the war led to the demise of the Xia Dynasty, and Shang Tang established the shang dynasty, the second dynasty in China.
At the beginning of the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, a hundred wastes were waiting to be revived, and Tang improved the various rules and regulations with the help of Yi Yin, so that the Shang quickly restored social order and put them on the right track.
Shang Tang reigned for thirty years, and on his deathbed, because of his special trust in Yi Yin, entrusted him with the heavy responsibility of assisting the successor emperor.
During the Shang Dynasty, the law of inheritance was that the brother died and the brother died, and there was no younger brother, and it was the son's turn to inherit. Shang Tang had no younger brother, so it should be the eldest son Taiding to succeed to the throne.
However, when Tang was still alive, Tai Ding died, so according to the etiquette, it should be succeeded by Tai Ding's younger brother Wai Bing. So Yi Yin supported Wai Bing to inherit the throne.
Wai C died after three years on the throne, and his younger brother Zhongren succeeded to the throne, zhongren was weak and sick, and died of illness after four years on the throne. At this time, the only people who could inherit the throne were Shang Tang's grandson and Tai Ding's son, Tai Jia.
At this time, Taijia was only ten years old, but Yi Yin did not hesitate to support the young Taijia to ascend to the throne of the Shang Dynasty monarch. He himself wielded great power, dutifully assisted from the side, taught Taijia how to distinguish between right and wrong and the way to govern the country, hoping to train Taijia into a generation of sages.
Taijia (year of birth and death unknown), son's surname, first name to. The eldest grandson of Shang Tang, the son of Tai Ding, the nephew of Wai Bing and Zhongren, the fourth monarch of the Shang Dynasty.
At the beginning of Taijia's succession, Yi Yin, the elder of the Four Dynasties, wrote several articles teaching Taijia to follow the legal system of his ancestors and strive to be a Ming Emperor. There is an article entitled "Wanton Life", which is specifically about how to distinguish between right and wrong, and what kind of things should not be done and what kind of things should be done.
There is also an article titled "The Queen of The Queen", which is about the legal system of the Shang Tang Dynasty, and the education of Taijia must act in accordance with the rules set by the ancestors, and cannot deviate from the ancestral precepts and love what they want.
Tai Jia read these articles, and at first he was able to act according to Yi Yin's teachings, carefully obeying the rules left by his ancestors. In the third year, he was oblivious, believing that everything should be decided by him, otherwise he would be the king of a country and could not be managed by the slave-born prime minister Yi Yin.
He began to act arbitrarily. By not listening to Yi Yin's advice, he undermined the legal system left by his ancestors. He actually learned from Xia Jie's appearance and used tyrannical means to deal with the common people, and the people complained bitterly.
Yi Yin naturally could not tolerate Taijia destroying the sheji left by King Tang. He first repeatedly advised Taijia to put more scrutiny on his behavior, and then when he saw that Taijia had repeatedly taught him, Yi Yin ousted him from power and exiled him to Tonggong, where Shangtang's grave was located (in present-day Tangling Community, Tancheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province, there is also a saying that in present-day Yucheng County, Shangqiu, Henan, "Tong palace" was borrowed to refer to the deposed emperor, or the place where the emperor was forbidden).
During Taijia's exile, Yi Yin saw that there was no lord in the dprk, so he took charge of the country himself, and was known in history as "Yi Yin Put Tai Jia".
After Taijia was banished to the Tong Palace, the tomb of his grandfather Shang Tang accompanied him day and night. Although Shang Tang was the founding monarch of the Shang Dynasty, the tomb was similar to the tomb of ordinary people, and there was only a low palace room on the cemetery for the annual ancestor worship.
When the old man who guarded the tomb heard that Taijia had been banished to the cemetery because he violated the ancestral system, he told Taijia the story of Shangtang's entrepreneurship and the various rules set by Shangtang every day, and taught Taijia that he should follow his grandfather's example and be a wise monarch.
The great deeds of grandfather Shang Tang made Taijia both fascinated and ashamed, reflecting on what he had done, and feeling more and more sorry for his grandfather's spirit in heaven, he was determined to correct his mistakes. Following his grandfather's example, he did his best to help the old, weak, and widows, and he became fierce in doing things, and Taijia would never do anything that violated the ancestral system and the laws of the imperial court.
During the three years that Taijia was released, Yi Yin always paid attention to what he was doing in Tong Palace, and his actions had already been reported to Yi Yin.
Taijia's repentance and self-repentance made Yi Yin very happy, so he personally took Taijia back to the capital city with the Minister of Culture and Military Affairs, and solemnly and solemnly returned the power to him.
TaiJia used to be a teacher, doing things according to the rules and regulations handed down from the Shang Tang Dynasty, listening to the good words and good policies of the ministers around him, and managing the affairs of the people from the major affairs of the country down to the lives of the people in an orderly manner, and the Shang Dynasty entered a period of stable development.
Taijia reigned for a total of 23 years, died of illness, and legend has it that he was buried in Licheng (present-day Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong).