Author: Chen Erhu
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the first and third ministers were edicted</h1>
History always has many mysteries that cannot be deciphered.
After the death of Crown Prince Zhenjin, Kublai Khan did not appoint a crown prince until the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1293 AD) to Give the Crown Prince Treasure to Zhenjin's second son Timur. So, after the death of Prince Zhenjin, why did Kublai Khan no longer establish the crown prince? This seems to be related to the tradition of the nomadic peoples, and also shows that Kublai Khan did not follow Han law in terms of political power.
At that time, Kublai Khan's youngest son, Namukhan, sealed the northern side of the town of Bei'an, and promised to let him inherit the throne before Li Zhenjin became crown prince, because Mongolian customs also had the custom of keeping the throne for young sons. At the same time, the two concubines, Ganmara and Timur, both had great shortcomings, which made Kublai Khan very dissatisfied (Ganmara was cowardly, Andimole was drunk), and he still preferred to let his young son Namukhan inherit the throne.
Who knew that in the twenty-ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1292 AD), the youngest son Namukhan went before him, and he was old enough to choose only one of the emperor's grandsons Ganmara and Timur. Although Timur was an alcoholic, he was much stronger than his brother Ganmara in all aspects, but he was not officially crowned crown prince, but only awarded the crown prince treasure, expressing a tendency.
On the night of the twenty-second day of the first month of the 31st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1294 AD), the founder of the Yuan Empire, Yuan Shizu, died in the Rosewood Hall in Dadu (present-day Beijing), reigning for thirty-five years at the age of eighty.
Kublai Khan was seriously ill in the first year of the month, and Kublai Khan felt that there were not many days to go, so he summoned the imperial master Yuxi Timur, the Privy Council Secretary Boyan, and the Zhongshu Province Pingzhang Bu Kumu to the forbidden place, and received the will.
Yuxi Timur was a descendant of Genghis Khan's four great heroes, Borshu, who served as the Imperial Grand Master for a long time, and had great merit in quelling the rebellion of the kings of the eastern province, Naiyan, and also assisted the emperor's grandson Timur to guard the north with the Privy Councillor.
Boyan was the commander of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was recently recalled from Mobei by Kublai Khan to the Capital Division, and was a prominent hero.
Bu Kumu was a native of Kangli, and in his later years he was deeply trusted by Kublai Khan and served as a close attendant and a political servant of Pingzhang. During Kublai Khan's serious illness, he was able to break the custom of "non-National (Mongol) medals are not allowed to enter the bedchamber", and to treat medicine in the near future and accompany the attendants, which shows that this is a favor that almost no minister can reach.
According to common sense, the right chancellor of Zhongshu Province was Guanze, on the status of the official of the imperial court, Guanze had the highest rank, and when he learned that he was not included in the list of ministers who were ordered by the will, and even during Kublai Khan's serious illness, he visited the Rosewood Hall, and he was forbidden to enter, and his heart was naturally uneven. Therefore, Guanze once asked the three ministers who had been entrusted with the will: "My position is on the wood, and the state has a big discussion but does not predict it, ho ya?" I am more qualified than this bukumu in every way, why did he become a minister of life?
Bo Yan replied, "If you don't have to worry about the wood, why make my genus work like this?!" If you have the ability not to ignore the wood, you will not be embarrassed for us. This remark made Wanze very embarrassed.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the Kuritai Conference</h1>
According to Mongol tradition, the heir to the Khan's throne was elected by the Kuritai Council of Nobles.
Nearly three months after Kublai Khan's death, Timur returned to Shangdu from the north of the desert, and held a Kuritai conference in Shangdu in April, attended by Kublai Khan's son Ningyuan Wang Kuokuo, Zhennan Wang Dehuan, Emperor Ganmala, Tiemu'er, the son of Busy Gela, The Son of Anxi Wang Ananda, the son of Xiping King Oruchi, Temuel Buhua, the three "testamentary" ministers Zhi Privy CouncilLor Boyan, Yushi Dafu Yuxi Timur, the close attendant and Pingzhang Political Affairs Bu Kumu, the Right Emperor Xiang Guanze, Tutuha, Yuechi Cha'er and others, Kublai Khan's Empress Nanbi, True Golden Concubine Kuo Kuo Zhen and so on.
Since Kublai Khan's concubines had already died, and the king of Ningyuan and the king of Zhennan, Tuhuan, had a low status, no qualifications, and lacked the strength to compete for the throne, Kublai Khan's two grandsons, that is, Zhenjin's two sons, Ganmala and Timur, had the strength to compete for the throne.
Ganmala was the first of the emperor's grandsons to be knighted as the First Rank of the Golden Seal Beast, and was then the King of Jin, who also commanded the four major ears of Genghis Khan. Timur guarded the northern part of the desert, was in charge of most of the army in the north of the desert, and held the crown prince treasure granted by Kublai Khan. However, before Kublai Khan's death, there were "edicts" to the three ministers, so the direction of the Khan's competition for the throne was controlled by the three ministers.
Through the historical data, we find that there was a fierce competition for the Khan's position between Ganmala and Timur, and they did not give in to each other, and the Crown Princess Kuo Kuozhen also sided with Timur.
According to Rashid's Collected Histories:
A dispute arose between Timur Hehan and Ganmara, who was a few years older than him, over the succession to the throne. The extremely intelligent and capable Kuoku-jin Hatun said to them: "XueChan Hehan, that is, Kublai Khan Hehan once commanded that those who are proficient in Genghis Khan Bilik (Sermon) ascend to the throne, and now let each of you speak of his Bilik, and let the high-ranking officials and nobles present see who is more proficient in Bilik." Because Timur hehan was extremely eloquent and a narrator, he spoke well of Birik in a beautiful voice, while Ganmara, because of his slight stuttering and imperfect mastery of the lexicon, was unable to argue with him. The unanimous declaration that Timur hehan was proficient in Brik, and he said more beautifully that he should take the crown and the throne.
On the surface, it seems fair to run for the heir with a mastery of Genghis Khan's sermon. But thinking about it carefully, this in itself was a conspiracy manipulated by people, and in advance, the Crown Princess Kuo Kuozhen colluded with the so-called three ministers who took care of the edicts, knowing that the most qualified people to compete for the throne (khan's throne) were Ganma la and Tie Mu'er, who were able to speak eloquently and threw out this trick of "reciting" the sermon to determine the advantages and disadvantages at the Kuritai Assembly, obviously to protect Tie Mu'er and reject Gan Ma La.
It is also a mystery as to whether Ganmara was born to Kuo Kuozhen, and it is clearly recorded in the "Biography of the Later Concubines" in the "History of Yuan": Kuo kuozhen only gave birth to the second son of Ganmara and Tiemu'er, and there was no Ganmala, that is to say, Ganmara was not the son of Kuokuozhen. In the relevant historical records, it is recorded that Ganmala was raised by Kublai Khan and his wife since childhood, so the relationship between these two people and Kuo Kuozhen is obvious.
It is said that during the dispute between Ganmala and Timur, Boyan, Yuxi Timur and other "guzhi" ministers suppressed Ganmala. Because of the "back" sermon thrown out at the meeting, Ganmala was not mentally prepared (it is conceivable that Timur was prepared, and the election process was carried out according to schedule), and he was very dissatisfied, and there was a "secret speech" objection, Boyan stood on the palace steps with a sword in his hand, and as a minister of order, he also expounded that Kublai Khan had a "testament" to tie Mullah, and threatened Ganmala, causing Ganmara to panic, his legs trembling, and forced to bow down.
Yuxi Timur stood up and said to Ganmara, "It has been more than three months since the palace car was far away, and the artifact must not be empty for a long time, and the ancestral shrine must not lack the Lord." The former Chu Fu Seal, since there is a return, the king is the head of the clan alliance, Xi Qian and Fu Yan? This clearly tells Ganmala that there is a lord on the throne, and it is useless to fight.
GanMala, knowing full well that these people had already made a plan and that the general trend had gone, had no choice but to say: "The emperor is practicing zuo, and he is willing to do things in the north."
This was to force Ganma to obey and had to submit, so, according to the custom of Kuritai, he supported Timur and succeeded to the throne.
According to normal logic, at the Kuritai Congress, if Kublai Khan really had a "testament" and took it out to show people, it would be more convincing, only "Gu Feng" did not see the "testament", Boyan and others relied on their high position of power, using the edict to control the situation, playing a deterrent role, colluding with Kuo Kuozhen in advance, and doing their best to support Timur, which is a lot of cats!
It is said that as soon as Kublai Khan died, people were panicked, the situation was complicated, accidents and turmoil could occur at any time, and after Timur passed the Kuritai Conference, "the precariousness of the world was the security of Mount Tai." ”
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, the national jade seal suddenly appeared</h1>
Let's look back, what happened during the three months before Kublai Khan's death and Timur's succession?
When Kublai Khan died, Bo Yan held real power because he did not have to serve in kumu, and Yuxi Timur had assisted Timur and was in charge of the imperial history, so these three became the "Gu Order" ministers who followed the edict, but refused to publish the edict. Panicking for a while, even Zhenjin's wife and crown princess Kuo Kuozhen were very uneasy, and hurriedly summoned the three Bo Yan people to inquire about the direction of the Khan's position.
Tamerlane did not reveal any information, only that "the subject was ordered to be gu, the empress dowager (at this time Kublai Khan's empress Dowager Nambi was still alive) but the courtiers and others did it." If the subject misleads the country, that is, Ganfu Jie, the major affairs of the clan society, and it is not known in the palace. It seems that at the beginning, the "Gu Ming" ministers did not want Kuo Kuozhen to participate in who would become the emperor, and "Gu Ming" had an arrangement to inform.
According to historical records, by the second day of the first lunar month in the thirty-first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1294), that is, on the eve of Kublai Khan's death, Yushi Zhongzhong's Cui Yu was timidly defending Xue Suwei, and the Yushitai Tongshi Kuoshu, who was in charge of the translation, went to Suwei to report to Cui Yu: After the death of Mu Huali, one of Genghis Khan's four courtiers, The former Tongzheng Yuan's tongzhi Shuode died, the family wealth was lost, the livelihood was embarrassing, Shuode's wife got rid of the real chronic disease, and the son was young, and in order to live, he took out a piece of jade collected by the family and entrusted him to sell it to meet daily needs. Kuo Kuoshu was a Mongol who only knew that this piece of jade was a seal, and did not know the text on it, so he came to report to Cui Yu.
Doubts: First, how did an extraordinary "seal" appear at this time? Second, Kuo Kuoshu is the official in charge of translation, and it is impossible not to know "Chinese characters", but it can only be said that it is impossible to be sure what this script is.
This Cui Yu was surprised and confused, so he took this "seal" home and carefully observed it when he arrived home: he saw that the color of this jade "seal" was green and mixed with a little bit of black, and the brilliance was radiant. He measured it with an ancient ruler, about four inches square and about twelve inches thick. The indument is a plate of mites that cover the square edges of the back of the seal. A two-point diameter through hole in the center of the upper end of the button. There are eight seal books engraved on the printing surface, the strokes are smooth, the position is symmetrical, and they are all in the shape of insects, birds, fish and dragons. Carefully discern the words "life" and "shou".
This Cui Yu was horrified, Mom, this is the Chuanguo Jade Seal, and hastily summoned the inspector Yushi Yang Huan to identify it in detail.
This Yang Huan has been enlightened since childhood, read a lot of books, and is good at the art of long seals (experts).
When Yang Huan looked at it, those eight words were "ordered by heaven, both Shou Yongchang", which was clearly the heirloom jade seal handed down from the Qin Dynasty in the "legend"! Good omens, good omens.
Cui Yu was even more excited, this was a sign of prosperity, so he carefully wiped this chuanguo jade seal and wrapped it in a white paw.
On the eighth day after Kublai Khan's death, Cui Yu and his supervisor Yang Huan (御史杨桓) and Tongshi Kuokushu went straight to the Eastern Palace. After being led by the guards and pro-army commanders, Crown Prince Zhan Shi Wang Qingduan, Crown Prince Ling Ashanhan and others, he paid homage to Crown Princess Kuo Kuozhen.
Cui Yu and others told Kuo Kuozhen: This is the ancient national jade seal, which was created by the Qin Dynasty with heshibi. According to those who have the world, they will take this seal as a treasure, and the king will come to all the nations and command the world. This seal has been lost for a long time in the previous generation, and now it is the time of the Great Khan Yan, and the ministers are discussing and inviting the Emperor's grandson TieMu'er Dragon Fly, and this seal is now and now, it is a Ruiying that the heavens have revealed, and it should be delivered to the Emperor's grandson's hall as soon as possible to serve the Spirit of the Emperor.
Crown Princess Kuo Kuozhen gladly accepted the suggestions of Cui Yu and others, and ordered a reward of 2,500 copies of the Shuode family treasure that collected the jade seal, and Cui Yu and three others were also rewarded.
On the same day, the Right Chancellor of Zhongshu Province, Guanze, led the attendants of the Xianyuan and Hanlin Courtyard to the Eastern Palace to congratulate them, and Kuo Kuozhen took out the jade seal for the courtiers to see.
Dong Wenyong, a scholar of Hanlin, said: This is a divine object, if it is not the Imperial Princess and the Imperial Princess Shenggan, why did it suddenly appear here. Therefore, both inside and outside the praise and celebration, they all believe that it is the destiny of heaven.
The next day, Kuo Kuozhen sent someone to summon Timur Nangui, who was guarding the town of Mobei.
Suspicious point: Why did Cui Yu and Yang Huan think that this "seal" was the Chuanguo Jade Seal, and why did they not immediately report it to the imperial court, but kublai Khan saw the Crown Princess Kuo Kuozhen eight days after his death (and whether this Chuanguo Jade Seal was real or a fake, there is no way to know)?
All these indications show that all this seems to have been arranged in advance, just imagine: Kuo Kuo was really just a princess concubine, and Kublai Khan's empress Nan Bi was still alive at that time, and Kuo Kuo really could not justifiably control the imperial court, and must come up with some mysteries.
Yang Huan, who "offered the jade seal", also wrote a special article praising the Taizu Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan, and then touting the True Golden Prince and Kuo Kuozhen, and then saying that the Emperor's grandson Timur Ying was decisive, the Great Xiao Ancestor, the Emperor was ordained by the Emperor, and the Birth of the Dragon Fly was born to take the position of the Ninth Five. Tracing back to the beginning and end of this national jade seal, etc., this is clearly a carefully arranged political public opinion created for Timur to inherit the throne. Moreover, the so-called will and testament of the three ministers did not clearly indicate the direction of the throne, and the emperor's grandson Timur was only a possible heir.
Therefore, The succession of Timur was premeditated by Crown Princess Kuo Kuozhen and others, and Kuo Kuozhen can be said to be an extraordinary woman, using her ingenuity to create a momentum for Timur's ascension to the throne, and reaching an agreement with the three ministers who took care of the edicts, and the Kuritai Assembly was just a form to completely take down the competitive Ganmara.
Wandering in the historical materials, although the desire to explore is surging in my heart, the wind on the plug cannot recall the ancient times. Many truths are buried by time, and only the sun is sincere.
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