The time that the Yuan Dynasty ruled China was only 98 years. If you count from Kublai Khan's destruction of the Southern Song Dynasty and the establishment of the great unified Yuan Dynasty, it is only 89 years.
But we have to know that the land area of the Yuan Dynasty is quite large. The headquarters of the Guangyuan Dynasty has 13.72 million square kilometers. In addition, the four khanates of Central and Western Asia: the Chincha Khanate, the Chagatai Khanate, the Wokoutai Khanate, and the Ilkhanate were nominally under the leadership of Kublai Khan.
Even if it later broke up with the Yuan Dynasty, after all, everyone is a relative, and they can still take the handle at the critical moment. Why did such a powerful Yuan Dynasty have a lifespan of less than 100 years? In fact, if you look at how chaotic their succession to the throne is, you can understand this matter.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="67" > Kublai Khan passed the throne directly to his grandson. </h1>
Kublai Khan was a long-lived and powerful emperor, but he did not dare to think of himself as the founding prince. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan did not regard the Central Plains territory as his own territory at all, but more like a colony.
In the army of the Yuan Dynasty, there are basically no Han people, and the Han people do not need to perform military service in the Yuan Dynasty, because people do not trust you at all. Kublai Khan himself did not like Han culture, and could not even speak a word of Chinese.
But to govern the country, it is necessary to appoint Han Chinese people, right? Those who read books are small masters of governing the country. Therefore, all the people gathered around Prince Zhenjin.
They pinned all their hopes on Prince Zhenjin, because Zhenjin himself was not only familiar with the books of Han culture, but also very interested in the han culture of governing the country.
But Kublai Khan, the old man, was able to live too well, and lived for 79 years in one breath. Does this still make real gold work? These readers were dying in a hurry, and if Zhenjin did not come to power again, they would all be killed by Kublai Khan.
So the gang began to unite with the courtiers, and jointly wrote a letter hoping that Kublai Khan would abdicate so that Zhenjin could rule the country. Good fellow, does the emperor's throne mean that he can retire if he retires?
Kublai Khan was furious, grabbed a batch, killed a batch, and cursed another batch. Among those who were scolded, there was the True Golden Prince. Zhenjin was frightened by Kublai Khan and was scared to death not long after.
Kublai Khan never dreamed that the prince he had worked so hard to cultivate would be killed, and his heart was full of resentment against Han culture. At the same time, he did not change his other sons to be crown princes, but supported Zhenjin's son Timur as the emperor's grandson and let him inherit the throne.
Timur's father was tragically harmed by Han culture, and almost caused Timur to have no chance to succeed to the throne, what do you think he can do about Han culture? Therefore, Timur did not like the Han set.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > second, drinking and drinking a bunch of emperors. </h1>
As soon as Prince Zhenjin died, Kublai Khan was even more sad, so he began to drink heavily. His health deteriorated, and it wasn't long before Kublai Khan drank himself to death.
We need to know that before the Yuan Dynasty, the degree of wine in China was relatively low, about 15 degrees. From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, a high degree of wine of more than 50 degrees began to appear, so a bunch of Yuan Emperors were drunk to death.
First, Emperor Yuanchengzong Timur, who reigned for 13 years.
The first to play was Yuan Chengzong Tiemu'er, whose level of governance was still very good, not only alleviating domestic contradictions, but also allowing the other four khanates to recognize the status of the yuan dynasty suzerainty.
However, Timur himself also liked to drink, and as a result, he only served as emperor for 13 years, and then he drank himself to death. It doesn't matter if he dies, the point is that he hasn't had time to give birth to a son yet! His only concubine, Crown Prince Deokshou, had died prematurely, so no descendant was eligible to inherit the throne.
Second, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan, who reigned for 4 years, haishan.
We must know that Timur is the third son of the Crown Prince of Zhenjin, and he also has two older brothers, namely Ganmala and Dala. Since Timur had no heir, he could only find someone from the descendants of his two brothers.
At that time, Timur drank himself to death, and the son of Ayuli Bali Bada immediately launched a coup d'état in Dadu, and originally everyone supported Theodore Bali Bada succeeded to the throne, but his brother Haishan was even stronger than him.
The army of Haishan came straight to Shangdu, and its strength was strong. Inevitably between the brothers, Aiyu Li Bali Bada chose to cede the throne to his powerful brother Haishan. Haishan is the Yuan Wu Sect.
Emperor Wuzong reigned for only 4 years, and when he died, he was only 31 years old. Apparently, the old man still drank himself to death.
Third, Emperor Yuanrenzong, who reigned for 9 years, loved Yu li Bali Bada.
When Emperor Yuanwuzong ascended the throne, he was very grateful to his brother Aiyu Li Bali Bada, so he forcibly made Ai Yu Li Bali Bada the emperor's brother in spite of his family's opposition.
They agreed: In the future, when Haishan dies, then the eldest position will be Aiyu Li Bali Bada, but after the death of Ai Yu Li Bali Bada, the throne will pass to Haishan's son.
After Emperor Yuanrenzong ai Yu Li Bali Bada ascended the throne, his heart was very unhappy, why should I pass the throne to your son in the future? So Emperor Yuanrenzong transferred several of Emperor Yuanwuzong's sons to other places:
The eldest son, Shi Yu, was given the title of King of Zhou and transferred to Yunnan as an official.
The second son, Tu Timu'er, was given the title of King of Huai and traveled to Jiankang and Jiangling.
Both men were important because they both later became emperors. Looking back at Yuan Renzong, after his uncle had taken the two nephews away, his heart was much more comfortable. He admired Han culture very much, not only vigorously promoted Han culture, but also reopened the imperial examination system. Yuan Renzong reigned for 9 years, and was only 35 years old when he died, and no one can deny whether it is related to liquor.
Fourth, Yuan Yingzong Shuode Bala, who reigned for 4 years.
In fact, after Emperor Yuanrenzong broke the agreement between his uncle and nephew, he laid the groundwork for his later brothers to compete for the throne. After Emperor Yuanrenzong's death, he did pass the throne to his son Shuode Bala, and this Shuode Bala was Yuan Yingzong.
Yuan Yingzong also liked Han culture very much, and he paid attention to ruling the country with Confucianism. Even began to carry out reforms, accidentally touching the interests of the Mongol nobles. Therefore, in the change of the southern slope, Yuan Yingzong was killed and reigned for 4 years, only 21 years old.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" > third, the real chaos began. </h1>
Yuan Yingzong was killed, which can be said to be pushed by the wall. Everyone believes that Yuan Yingzong himself has no right to inherit! Some people even pointed out that even the inheritance rights of Emperor Yuanrenzong were not legal. After all, Emperor Yuanrenzong did not follow the method of inheritance by his uncle and nephew.
In fact, the main problem was that both Emperor Yuanrenzong and Emperor Yuanyingzong admired Han culture, which seriously affected the interests of the Mongolian nobles. Therefore, the lineage of Yuan Renzong was basically abandoned by the Mongol nobles, so it was only possible to continue to re-select the heir.
First, emperor Taiding, who reigned for 4 years, also grandsonEdi Mu'er.
This elder brother was the grandson of Prince Zhenjin, and his father was Ganmala, the eldest brother of Emperor Yuanchengzong Tiemu'er. Previously, several emperors of the Yuan Dynasty were all descendants of Timur's second brother, Dala Ba Ma La, and this time the descendants of Gan Ma La also wanted to come out.
Emperor Yuanrenzong had no descendants in this line, and Emperor Yuanwuzong still had two sons alive. However, Timur also considered himself to be Kublai Khan's great-grandson and the most qualified to inherit the throne.
Therefore, with the support of his subordinates, Sun Timur succeeded to the throne in Mobei and issued the only vernacular succession edict of the Yuan Dynasty, known as Emperor Taiding.
Listening to this title, you know that this guy is not recognized by everyone, he has been working in Shangdu for a long time, and most people in The capital do not recognize him. So he died young after only 4 years on the throne, at the age of 36.
Second, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan, who reigned for 4 years.
After emperor Taiding's death, his son Asokil VIII was criticized before he ascended the throne. Moreover, he was only 8 years old, so it took a month for the minister to overthrow Rasha before he established Asokyo as the eighth emperor, that is, the Tianshun Emperor.
Therefore, most of the former vassals of Emperor Yuanwuzong began to plot the succession of Emperor Wuzong's sons King Zhou and Shi Yu and King Tu Timu'er of Huai. Between Shangdu and Dadu, a great war broke out.
As a result of the war, Most of the capitals were victorious, and Tu Timu'er succeeded to the throne smoothly (his brother succeeded to the throne first, but died before he reached Dadu), that is, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan. It is worth noting that after the end of the Battle of the Two Capitals, Zhu Yuanzhang, the gravedigger of the Yuan Dynasty, was also born.
Emperor Wenzong reigned for 4 years, and because Yan Timur was a major contributor to the coup, Emperor Yuanwenzong made him the Right Chancellor and the Prince of Taiping. In fact, the power of the DPRK and China was in the hands of Yan Timur.
Third, Emperor Yuanmingzong and Shi Shu, who reigned for 184 days.
Emperor Yuanwuzong Haishan had two sons, in addition to Emperor Yuanwenzong Tu Timu'er, he also had the eldest son and Shi Yu. During the reign of Emperor Yuanrenzong, He Shiyu was crowned King of Zhou and transferred to Yunnan.
After that, he was not willing to do so, so he once planned to raise an army to seize the throne, but it ended in failure and was forced into exile in the Chagatai Khanate. As I said, they are all relatives, and they can help at a critical moment.
After the coup d'état of his younger brother Emperor Wenzong, everyone discussed it and decided to get his eldest brother and Shi Yu back to succeed to the throne. At this time, Emperor Wenzong of Yuanwen could blow up, he had worked hard to fight on the front line, and he also had the right to inherit, so why should he give up the throne to his brother?
Of course, his fried hair did not work, and He Shiyu still successfully ascended the throne, that is, Yuan Mingzong. However, when Emperor Yuanmingzong was heading south to Dadu, he suddenly hung up, and there are sources that indicate that it was his brother Tu Timu'er who instigated Yan Timur to poison him. As soon as Emperor Yuanmingzong died, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan was eligible to succeed to the throne.
Fourth, during his 53-day reign, Emperor YuanMingzong was in the class of Yi Xuan.
Yuan Wenzong was very interesting, he poisoned his brother, and his heart was a little too unwilling to go, so he was very upset during his reign. Therefore, he left a will and testament, and in the future he would pass the throne to his brother's son Yi Xuanban.
Unfortunately, Yi Xuan died after only 53 days in power, at the age of 7. Whether it is related to Yan Timur, we can't figure it out.
Fifth, the Yuan Shun Emperor, who reigned for 28 years, tuomuer.
In fact, Emperor Yuanmingzong had two sons, the younger son was Yi Xuan's class, and the eldest son was called TuJu Timur. However, at the time of the succession, Tuoba Timur was in the field, so he cheapened the YiXuan class.
Later, looking at it later, Yuanning Zongyi Xuan's quality class did not take advantage of it at all, but suffered a big loss. After the death of Yi Xuanban, Tuoba Timur was made emperor by everyone.
This elder brother was the famous Yuan Shun Emperor, the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. He reigned for 30 years and ruled the Yuan Dynasty for 28 years.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > Summary: The internal struggle is too serious, and the building will fall from the inside. </h1>
The Yuan Dynasty lasted only 98 years, Kublai Khan was emperor for 31 years, Emperor Yuanshun was emperor of the Great Unification Yuan Dynasty for 28 years, and Timur was emperor for 13 years, and the three of them combined were emperors for 72 years. The remaining 16 years were divided equally among 8 emperors. How messy are you talking about?
The peasant rebel army may not be so strong, but the yuan dynasty is too chaotic, plus they have never regarded themselves as masters, and they will naturally be defeated.
Reference: History of the Yuan