Narrator: Yuan Zhixue, deputy director of the Party History Office of the Lanzhou Municipal Cpc Committee, a well-known party history expert
In 1920, Liu Bocheng (right in the circle) and Jiao Tongqin (left in the circle) took a group photo
Liu Bocheng, then head of the Guard Regiment of the Overseer's Bureau
Jiao Tongqin epitaph (Liu Junmingzhao or Liu Bocheng)
A story that has gradually faded away still sounds exciting to this day. In the early winter of 1917, in Lintao, Gansu, a crisp gunshot shattered the silence of the winter night. Garrisoned in the newly built right army barracks in Lintao, people shouted horses and made a mess.
A long-planned uprising of the Protectors of Gansu began. This uprising was known as the "Lintao Uprising", and the person who fired the shot was Jiao Tongqin.
In July 1917, the Beiyang government controlled by Duan Qirui abandoned the Provisional Law of the Republic of China in an attempt to completely negate the Republic of China. In order to defend the achievements of the Xinhai Revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen led the revolutionary volunteers to start the Dharma Protection Movement, proposing to "overthrow the fake republic and establish a real republic." This movement is known as the "Dharma Protector Movement". In the Dharma Protection Movement, the revolutionaries in Gansu were not far behind. In the spring of that year, at the behest of Cai Dayu, a revolutionary and principal of the Gansu Law and Politics College, Shi Shichang, a revolutionary and a member of the Gansu Law and Politics College, traveled back and forth between Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou and the Gansu revolutionaries to pass on messages. Under the instructions of Sun Yat-sen, Cai Dayu, Zhao Xuepu, Shi Shichang, and others contacted Jiao Tongqin, deputy commander of the newly built Right Army stationed in Lintao, and coach Zheng Ruiqing, to prepare for the uprising of the Protector of the Fa.
This winter night by the Tao River is destined to be unpeaceful. After learning that the secrets were leaked, Jiao Tongqin could only launch an uprising in advance, and the helpless responders were outnumbered and the enemy was strong and weak, so he had to flee to Gannan and go to Sichuan, which actively responded to the Dharma Protection Movement at that time. In Chengdu, he formed a friendship with Liu Bocheng, who was then the head of the sichuan governor's guard regiment.
Today, let us listen to the famous party history expert Yuan Zhixue tell about this past.
Shi Shichang went to Guangzhou to plan the Uprising of the Protectors
The Gansu Protector Uprising that took place in Lintao was a short-lived uprising, which can also be said to be a stifled uprising. This uprising was planned for a long time, well organized, and all aspects were contacted, but unfortunately, in the end, it failed due to leaks.
The Gansu Protector Uprising is related to one person. This is Shi Shichang. Shi Shichang is a native of Shijiawan Village, Xintian Town, Lintao. In 1911, Shi Shichang was admitted to the Gansu Law and Politics College, became acquainted with Cai Dayu, Yang Xiyao, Zhao Xuepu and others, and participated in the "Chinese League Association". In March 1914, after the Beiyang warlord Zhang Guangjian was appointed governor of Gansu, Shi Shichang and others, under the leadership of Cai Dayu, propagated democratic ideas and opposed feudal autocracy.
In the spring of 1917, the Gansu revolutionaries elected Shi Shichang as a representative to visit Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou. At that time, Mr. Zhongshan asked him how to carry out revolutionary activities in Gansu. Shi Shichang replied, starting from the lower levels, contacting the soldiers, organizing reliable armed forces, and launching an armed uprising. For this plan, Mr. Nakayama is more agreeable. Immediately, he gave the division road fee, secret electricity book, etc., and promised to fund funds and ordnance if necessary. In May, Shi Shichang returned to Lanzhou and conveyed Mr. Zhongshan's opinions to Cai Dayu, Zhao Xuepu and others. Confidence was high and a preliminary plan of action was discussed. He also made contact with Zheng Ruiqing, the new right army coach stationed in Lintao, and others.
At that time, they planned to divide into two parts, on the one hand, Shi Shichang, Zheng Ruiqing and others would carry out activities in lintao to build a new right army and prepare for the establishment of the "Gansu Protector Army". In addition, some comrades contacted local warlords to respond. At this time, through Zhao Xuepu's introduction, Cai Dayu and Shi Shichang contacted Jiao Tongqin. Jiao Tongqin was a native of Nianbo County, Xining Province, Gansu (present-day Ledu County, Qinghai), at that time, Ganningqing had not yet been divided into provinces, and Xining Province was still under the jurisdiction of Gansu.
Jiao Tongqin was born into a peasant family in Wantang Village, Mazhuo Township, Ledu County. Since childhood, he has loved martial arts and practiced hard in fists and feet. It is said that at the age of 13, he can climb over an earthen wall more than 3 meters high, and the locals call it "Jiao Xiake". Later, because his family could not afford to provide him with schooling, Jiao Tongqin traveled to Lanzhou, Pingliang, Hanzhong and other places, and also entered the Gansu Army Academy to study, under the influence of Wang Zhizuo and other revolutionaries who taught Chinese at the school. Wang Zhizuo graduated from the Baoding Army Officer School and was an early member of the Gansu League. After that, Jiao Tongqin went to Sichuan to join the party armed forces of the League. In 1909, he was sent to the Baoding Army Academy to study in the second phase of the Engineering Department. After graduating in 1912 and returning to Sichuan, he and his classmates Wang Fa, Fan Zheng, Hu Dengyun and others returned to Lanzhou to plan in response to the Second Revolution and plot to blow up the Gansu Governor's Palace. Unfortunately, he was arrested and imprisoned for a year.
When Shi Shichang and Cai Dayu saw Jiao Tongqin put forward the plan of the Protector Rebellion, the two sides immediately hit it off. Therefore, Jiao Tongqin, Zheng Ruiqing and others made contacts in the new right army. Shi Shichang went to Guangzhou again, reported the situation to Sun Yat-sen, and asked for funds and ordnance, and then Shi Shichang brought a letter of appointment issued by Mr. Zhongshan.
Finally, it was decided to launch an uprising on the winter solstice of the lunar calendar in 1917. The uprising was based on the firing of the five battalions of the newly built Right Army where Jiao Tongqin was located, and when the Jiao uprising was successful, he led his troops to attack Lanzhou. Jiao's troops, together with the comrades of the Protector Army in Lanzhou City, could basically create a situation and then expel Zhang Guangjian, the governor of Gansu.
With the sound of gunfire in the winter night, he began the Lintao Uprising alone
Just two days before the uprising, an unexpected thing happened. After the two squad leaders of the newly built Right Army stationed in Lintao, Yin and Hong, were drunk, they talked gibberish and leaked the secrets of the uprising. After receiving the report, Wu Tongren, the commander of the Right Army, immediately took action, ordering the collection of bullets from each battalion, sending his cronies to guard the main roads, and heavily defending the crossing to Hezhou. After Jiao Tongqin received the news, he had to act in advance and shot and killed the sub-commander Liu Xingzhong in the military camp, and a company commander resisted with a gun and was also killed by him. Immediately, he went to the companies to mobilize soldiers to revolt, but no one responded. In desperation, Jiao Tongqin had to escape from Lintao City alone, and later moved to Sichuan.
At this time, the situation of the other revolutionaries was also very bad. On the night of the planned uprising, Zhao Xuepu and Bian Yongfu went to the Tao River to wait for the local warlords who had received them, and who knew that the warlord troops promised in advance were gone. Hu Dengyun in Agan Town and Zheng Ruiqing in Wudu launched an uprising in Agan Town and Wudu as planned. In August 1917, mutinies occurred in Agan Town and Wudu on the outskirts of Lanzhou, and Hu Dengyun, Zheng Ruiqing, and other backbones who had planned to participate in the Lintao Uprising were transferred to Gaolan Agan Town and Wudu garrison. Hu Dengyun led his troops to attack Lintao Zhongbao and fled after the defeat, and was later arrested and killed. Other revolutionaries were either killed or imprisoned.
Let's talk about Jiao Tongqin. Not to lose the name of Jiao Xiake, he fled all the way from Lintao to Gannan in the overwhelming pursuit, and after staying in Gannan for a while, he fled to Chengdu, Sichuan. At that time, Xiong Kewu, the overseer of Sichuan, actively responded to Sun Yat-sen's Dharma Protection Movement and was the most active area of the Dharma Protection Movement. After Jiao Tongqin reported the uprising to Xiong Kewu, Xiong Kewu was amazed by Jiao Tongqin's extraordinary boldness. It was immediately decided to give him the rank of major general. However, Jiao Tongqin insisted that he should be gradually promoted in accordance with military merit, not directly. As a result, Jiao Tongqin was appointed deputy battalion commander of the third battalion of the guard regiment of the Sichuan Governor's Office.
Bloody battlefield, volunteers sacrificed their lives, an unforgettable war friendship
At this time, the person who served as the head of the guard regiment of the Sichuan Overseer Bureau was Liu Bocheng, who later became the marshal of the republic. Liu Bocheng, formerly known as Ming Zhao, was born into a poor peasant family in Zhangjiaba, Kai County, Sichuan. When the Xinhai Revolution broke out, 19-year-old Liu Bocheng joined the student army. At this time, Liu Bo served as the chief of staff of the 9th Brigade of the 5th Division of the Sichuan Army and the head of the Guard Regiment of the Overseer's Bureau.
Jiao Tongqin, as the deputy battalion commander, participated in a series of battles under the leadership of the regimental commander Liu Bocheng. In early 1920, he was promoted to colonel battalion commander. Two major battles fought in Sichuan that year. Especially on June 25, the battle in Huanghu Town was extremely fierce, and Jiao Tongqin was unfortunately killed.
After Jiao Tongqin's death, he was buried in the Chengdu Army Park; Jiao Tongqin's epitaph records that the regimental commander Liu Bocheng sealed the tomb for Jiao Tongqin, and collected and sorted out his life, and asked the famous general of the Sichuan Army, Dan Maoxin, to write an inscription. The inscription laments that "the state government is not organized, the good talents are broken, and the people who show (turn) turn to cannibalism, I don't know how many, but they are also very sad." "We can see a change in their mindset. The inscription concludes: "Yue next year's compatriot friend Liu Junmingzhao sealed the tomb for him, in order to remember its outline." ”
In 1922, Liu Bocheng (Ming Zhao) sent a photo of Jiao Tongqin's tombstone and 2,000 silver dollars to Jiao Tongqin's eldest brother Jiao Fachang. At the same time, he also arranged for Jiao Fachang to take up a post in Sichuan, and also took one of Jiao Tongqin's sons to Sichuan to study. The envelope reads: "Sending a photo inscription inside, the post office of Nianbo County, Gansu Province, forwarded to Datang, Jiao Fa Changjun received, and Liu Bocheng sent it from the Zhonghua Bookstore in Chengdu." "This is a photo of the inscription on the tomb of Fachang's brother Youyong, who was once the director of the Sichuan Provincial Taxation Bureau, and his family lived in Datang, Nianbo County, to send the post office to explore the lotus."
After the failure of the uprising, Shi Shichang came to Guangzhou again. When Mr. Zhongshan learned of the sacrifice of Zhao Xuepu, Bian Yongfu, Hu Dengyun and others, he deeply regretted it, and personally wrote a "sacrifice for the country" Bai Aya, and allocated a pension of 5,000 yuan to comfort the loyal soul. In the early 1930s, Shi Shichang went to Xinjiang to serve first as a staff member of Jin Shuren and then as lieutenant general of the Sheng Shicai Border Defense Supervision Office. He once served as the chairman of the Xinjiang Design Commission (director of the Construction Department) and the director of the Education Department. In 1942, he was killed by Sheng Shicai. After Cai Dayu arrived in Chengdu, he first served in the Sichuan Governor's Palace, and then went to Guangzhou to follow Sun Yat-sen, and in his later years he was poor and destitute, often drinking tea cakes in tea houses around Chengdu's Huangchengba area, and died around the end of the War of Resistance.
People say that Gansu is closed and backward, but they do not know that Gansu has also been full of enthusiastic people and unremitting struggle for democracy, prosperity and strength. (Wang Wenyuan)
(The picture of this article was remade by the reporter)