In the previous lecture, we talked about the life of Bai Juyi, the poet of the Tang Dynasty, and his literati words. Bai Juyi was the first to fill in the words according to the tune of music in the Tang Dynasty
One of the literati, he and his good brother Liu Yuxi, created a precedent for the Literati of the Middle and Tang Dynasties.
Bai Juyi was known as the "poetry demon", the first half of his life was uneven, ming Jingang was angry, and professionally gave advice to the emperor; the second half of his life was a cloud whirlwind Shu, in the way of "hidden", living in seclusion in Luoyang, and the life was quite poetic. Bai Juyi originally wanted to be a "poetry immortal", but in front of Li Bai, who was an immortal who occupied the name of a poetry immortal, Bai Juyi could only do "poetry magic" in the end. Bai Juyi was deeply influenced by Confucianism, and he originally wanted to "reach the end and help the world" and make a three-immortal undertaking of "standing up for the sake of virtue and making meritorious contributions", but under the interweaving of the three major factors of the Niu and Li party struggles, the eunuch dictatorship, and the division of the feudal towns, the Tang Dynasty was no longer prosperous, the trend of decline and decline of the times was obvious, the ceiling above the heads of intellectuals was getting lower and lower, most intellectuals had no way to serve the country, and their ideals were disillusioned, so Bai Juyi simply "was poor and was alone", qinqi calligraphy and painting poetry and hops, and spent a kind of tea drinking in Luoyang. The leisurely life of singing small songs and filling in a few small words has also achieved his status as a Tang Dynasty literati lyricist.
Just like most literati, our lives can rarely go according to the route we designed, if life can be fulfilled, where in this world is there any sorrow and joy? The most important thing in life is your ability to make choices, when you have no way forward, what choice will you make? Is it to learn Yang Zhu to see the wrong way and shed tears? Or did Xue Nguyen cry back when there was no way? Will you live a life that is not very sunny? Or do you learn from Wang Wei to "walk to the end of the water, sit and watch the clouds rise", and when there is no way to go, change your way of life, and feel the lightness of the clouds and breezes in life?
Among the talents of Datang, Bai Juyi can be regarded as having a light and cloudy life, while Wen Tingjun, another talent of Datang, lived a miserable life, stumbled in the political arena, suffered criticism and even slander in the field of public opinion, and finally fell to his death, turning a brilliant life into a tragedy.
Wen Tingjun was an artistic all-rounder, leaving behind works on poetry, words, and novel legends, and he even compiled reference books such as dictionaries. However, Wen Tingjun's debauchery and freedom-loving personality, when his career failed, he broke the jar and broke it, and sang in the middle of the singers all day long, which was not tolerated in the more enlightened social atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty, and was considered to be the representative of the Tang Dynasty literati. Not only did it affect Wen Tingjun's personal career development, but even affected his descendants, so that his son was also affected by the political trial in the imperial examination, although in the end his brother and his son entered the high school, but he never had the opportunity to enter the army.
Wen Tingjun is an incense in the political arena, and the flowers inside the wall and the incense outside the wall are incense. Career is hopeless, then break into the red pink array, in addition to the dance of the song and dance with the singers, compose and fill in the lyrics for the singers, outside the poetry world, open up a new battlefield of words, he became the first person in the Tang Dynasty to fill in the words, and even let himself become the originator of the "Flower Sect", Wen Tingjun's words that write parting words, write beautiful women's appearance and emotions, are full of beautiful and feminine and magnificent taste, and later generations of lyricists mostly write lyrics according to the path provided by Wen Tingjun, and even determine the style of poetry Zhuang's charming, beautiful and feminine style. Become the grand master of the history of words.
Wen Tingjun was born in taiyuan, Shanxi, but that was already the glory of the past. Wen was a prominent nobleman of the early Tang Dynasty, and his ancestor Wen Yanbo served as prime minister during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang and Li Shimin. The Kaiyuan prosperity of the Sheng Tang Dynasty and the rule of Zhenguan were already "infinitely good sunsets, but near dusk" in the late Tang Dynasty. Synchronized with the decline of the times, the Wen family also gradually declined, and the Wen family at this time was already on the verge of ruin, and Wen Tingjun's vein seemed particularly cold.
Wen Tingjun once said that his family was "deep in the earth and has few new things, and the officials are scattered and the old are sparse." Dao Zhi is even more unmarried, and the family is poor only by books." A high-ranking family turned out to be a scattered family, and only a large number of books were left. Most of the children who slipped from the nobility to the cold door have the heart of the world, and they are eager to make a big cause, let their names be re-hung on the Ling Yan Pavilion, and revitalize the glory of the family. For example, Du Mu's family, which was one of the two great clans in Chang'an City at that time, was later destroyed, and Du Mu was also struggling in the official field; for example, Li Shangyin once claimed to be a fellow of the Tang imperial family, and later became a commoner, although he had the ambition of Ling Yun, he still spent a lot of youth in the Niu-Li party struggle. The glory of the ancestors and the embarrassment of reality forced these cold disciples to be angry and strong, eager to embark on the road of career, they often have the ambition of Lingyun, have the talent of the country and the state, but the ideal is very full, the reality is very bone, from the noble to the Cold, the gap between them is sensitive, inferior and even self-hatred, such as Li He and Li Shangyin, such as Wen Tingjun.
Wen Tingjun's father died early, the family fell into difficulties, and he grew up with his mother and sister. The difficult childhood experience of life and the lack of family feelings have made Wen Tingjun a fragile complex. On the one hand, he is more eager for the warmth of life and the desire to embark on a glorious career, on the other hand, he abandons himself after being frustrated, completely disregards the world's vision, is debauched, and even shocks the world. In Wen Tingjun's life, in his early years, he was "weak and ambitious", and in middle age, he ran into walls everywhere, and after his desperate career, he wandered in and out of the Red Chamber Chu Pavilion, and finally in his later years he was poor and sick. This is a typical tragic trajectory of a literati who has never met a talent.
Wen Tingjun's life is a tragedy of ups and downs. Wen Tingjun's tragedy is not only the imprint of the late Tang Dynasty, the result of the tide of the Late Tang Dynasty, but also the reason for his personality. But Wen Tingjun eventually achieved himself, he became one of the most important figures in the history of the development of the word world, he was the originator of the "Huajian School", he laid the style of Song Ci euphemisms, he was a glacier on the source of the development of Song Ci, and continued to nourish the development of Song Ci in later generations.