Teacher Qi Baoligao with ma tau qin
The musical instruments of ethnic minorities in our country, I believe many people have seen it when they enjoy the concert. How did this mysterious and characteristic national instrument come about? What kind of national culture does it carry? In this issue of the online classical art lecture hall, we invite the national first-class player and the world horsehead piano master Qi Baoligao to tell you about the characteristics, history, performance method, reform and works of the horsehead piano. At the same time, Teacher Qi vividly narrated and played the work of the horse head piano for the audience through video. Let's listen to the sounds from the vast prairie!
Concert of horse-headed piano works
Hello friends of the National Centre for the Performing Arts Classical Art Lecture Hall! Today I would like to tell you about the history, development, playing method and reform of the horsehead. I have not done anything in my life, and I have revolved around one thing - the three words "horse head qin".
The horse head qin is a musical instrument that appeared before 2500 in the current Chifeng, the original Zhaowuda League Ao Han Banner Ao Han Mountain. 2500 years ago on the top of Ao Han Mountain, there was a tribe called the Kumuxi tribe, which belonged to the Donghu, and their language was altaic, and they were mainly grazing tribes. This tribe did not know who it was, but one day it was skinned on the milk spoon, and made strings and bows with a ponytail, and it made the Xiqin of the Kumuxi tribe, and since then, the ancestors of the horse-head qin have been born in the world.
Xi Qin
At that time, the head of the piano was engraved with the head of the tribe, and later developed into the era of Genghis Khan, and the upper part became a dragon head. But at that time, it was not called matouqin, but called Huer, Chaoer, this name is actually Mongolian, because it is the instrument of the Hu people, so it is called Huer. Later, during the Yuan Dynasty, the head of the dragon and the horse were installed on the head, which means "dragon horse spirit", and thus became the shape of the horse's head.
When did the name of the horsehead come about? In the 33rd year of Guangxu, that is, in 1907, a Japanese female terroir recorded the horse head qin into Chinese characters. In the 33rd year of Guangxu, she went to the yurt of the prince of Karaqin, and when she got up in the morning, she found that there was a qin hanging on the wall of the yurt, and the horse's head was on it, so she wrote the Chinese "horse head qin", and since then everyone has called this instrument "horse head qin", so it has been called to this day.
Mr. Chi Baoligao plays the horsehead
There are 4 kinds of string setting methods and 5 kinds of playing methods of the horse head piano. The horse head qin is also named differently from tribe to tribe (the characteristics and timbre of the different horse head qin are detailed in the video 5:10 to start The performance of Teacher Qi), and the horse head qin has three names: horse head qin, chaoer, and Yi Ko Kori (transliteration), the names are different, but they all belong to the horse head qin family.
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Since 1952, my teacher Sandu and Zhang Chunhua have still improved the horse head piano, changing the cowhide horse head piano to 100 cm long, and covering the resonance box with the skin of a timpani drum (see 08:30 Teacher Qi playing this piano, the song "Hymn"). In 1972, the leather horse head harp in Inner Mongolia was pulled up on the grassland, loud enough; but once it reached Guangzhou to catch the rain, it was over. I went back to Beijing this time, because it rained for a long time in Beijing, my leather-covered horsehead piano had no sound, and the timpani drum horsehead piano could still be insisted on, and it was no problem to play on the stage for 5 minutes. Later, in 1972, in order to pull the model play "The White-Haired Girl" and the "Prairie Hymn" (piano accompaniment) that I composed, I changed it to python skin, and it was no problem to pull on the python skin for 10 minutes. Later, Teacher Xin Huguang's concerto "Grassland Music Poem" was played by me and the Beijing Symphony Orchestra, and the python skin was still not OK. Finally, in 1982 I changed it to a sycamore wood-faced horsehead, and since then, the horsehead has become what it is today.
Python-skinned horse-headed harp
Sycamore wood-faced horsehead harp
It is worth mentioning that in 1975, when I was filming the film "Yellow Flowers on the Battlefield" in Beijing, I changed the bow of the horse's head to the pine wood that everyone uses today, and the bow is too important for the bow string instrument. In addition, I also composed a lot of songs, because of the development of an instrument, no pieces can't be done. Before 1968, there were about three pieces of music in Inner and Outer Mongolia, one called "Cheers" and one song called "Window Fly"; inner Mongolia, there was "Mongolian Minor" adapted by my teacher. I later founded the world's first horse-headed piano band, the Mustang, in 1986. Today's sol do string of the horse head qin was also set by me when I was shooting the movie "Yellow Flowers on the Battlefield" in Beijing in 1975, and it turned out that there was a problem with the way the horse head qin could be set at will, so I changed it to the sol do string.
Mr. Qi Baoligao and the Beijing Symphony Orchestra
As a horse-head violin player, I am also an old man who has been cultivated by the party and the state for many years, and I want to do a good job in this matter. I am a person who "lived for the horse's head and died for the horse's head." Loyal to my nation, loyal to my country. I have national self-esteem, I have national self-esteem, and with these two self-esteems supported, I will dedicate everything I have to the cause of the horsehead.
Biographies of the keynote speakers
Qi Baoligao, master of horse-head piano art, heir of the national intangible cultural heritage, the fifth living Buddha of the Moli Temple in the Horqin Grassland, outstanding performer, composer and educator. In his career of more than 60 years in the art of the horsehead, Qi Baoligao has made an unestimished contribution to the reform, renewal and development of the horsehead and the ability of the horsehead to stand in the forest of world art.
He has improved the production process and performance skills of the horsehead qin several times in a row; he has created more than 100 classic horsehead piano solos and concertos; he created the world's first horsehead piano orchestra, unified the horsehead piano playing method, ended the history that the horsehead piano could only be played solo in the past, and since then the Inner Mongolian horsehead piano has developed from solo to ensemble and concerto, from the Inner Mongolia steppe to the domestic and international broad stage; he has traveled to Asia, Africa, Europe, the United States and other countries and regions with his favorite horsehead. Let the melodious sound of the piano cross the boundaries of nations and regions, and spread to the corners of the world with the call of peace.
Qi Baoligao
Ministry of Education/Planning for the Popularization of Arts at the National Centre for the Performing Arts
ChitPoligao/Narrator
Zhao Yifei/Finishing