"Outside fear of the party, inside fear of the wife", this is the evaluation of Liu Shipei at that time.
Liu Shipei was a famous master of traditional Chinese studies during the Republic of China and a pioneer of the National Revolution. His academic status was comparable to that of Zhang Taiyan, and he was also a national revolutionary elder on a par with Cai Yuanpei and others. Unfortunately, he married his wife carelessly, was coerced by his wife, and kept going astray step by step. This led to his life being filled with negative evaluations and being spurned by the people of the time.
Liu Shipei was born into a family of scholars. At the age of twelve, he read all the four books and five classics, and at the age of eighteen, he supplemented the county student staff, and in the same year, he passed the examination. This was considered a juvenile fame at the time, and it was also a sensation in the local area, and it was considered a generation of talents.
Soon after he was lifted, the family arranged a marriage for him. The woman's name is He Ban, and she is the daughter of He Chenglin. He Chenglin's eldest son married the daughter of Uncle Liu Shipei. The two families of He Liu are also family friends, so they are more intimate and intimate.
He Chenglin had served as a teacher in Wujin County, and He Ban had also learned a lot from his father. She was not only very strict in her training, but also full of poetry and talent. What is even more valuable is that she is also very interested in Western studies. At the time, this was a proper and outstanding woman.
Moreover, He Ban has known Liu Shipei since he was a child, and the two can be said to be green plum bamboo horses. Therefore, the two have a deep affection and similar interests. Liu Shipei especially respected this wife, and later evolved into a feeling of fear. Liu Shi pei was afraid of the reputation of the inside, and then gradually became famous at that time.
Liu Shipei's life began to be influenced by his wife He Ban from this time.
He Ban later changed his name to He Zhen. The couple was also envied by everyone at the beginning, and the two also did many sensational events together, and were the pioneers of the National Revolution.
In 1903, Liu Shipei went to Beijing to participate in the examination on the same year of marriage. He thought that everything would go well on this trip, but unfortunately this time he had bad luck and fell behind Sun Shan. On his way back to his hometown, Liu Shipei passed through Shanghai and became acquainted with The Master of Traditional Chinese Studies, Zhang Taiyan. The two saw each other as they were, and became friends with each other. Under the influence of Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei's thinking changed drastically, and he gave up scientific research and threw himself into the democratic revolution.
In March of that year, Liu Shipei published articles such as "Book of People Leaving Yangzhou" and "Chinese People's Covenant Jingyi" in Su Bao, calling for the establishment of new-style schools and encouraging study abroad. Later, he returned to Yangzhou and founded the Normal Training Society to assist Yangzhou people to study abroad, and proposed to replace the feudal era with the Yellow Emperor Memorial. He also wrote the Book of The Book of Obstruction to express his determination to "eliminate the Qing court and restore the Han nationality."
In 1904, he became the editor-in-chief of the Alarm Bell Daily, founded by Cai Yuanpei, and an important contributor to the China Vernacular Newspaper, advocating vernacular literature. During his time in Shanghai, he also participated in the military and national education association and assassination group organized by Cai Yuanpei and other organizations, and became one of the first members of the Guangfu Society, changing his name to Guanghan in the same year.
In May and June, Liu Shipei took his wife He Zhen to Shanghai and entered the Patriotic Girls' School to study.
In March 1905, the Alarm Bell Daily was shut down by the authorities for exposing the German conspiracy to run Shandong. Liu Shipei was wanted as editor-in-chief and had to flee to Zhejiang. Later, he was invited to anhui to give lectures, and together with Chen Duxiu and Zhang Taiyan, founded the anti-Qing revolutionary group Yue Wanghui.
In 1907, Liu Shipei went to Japan at the invitation of Zhang Taiyan, accompanied by his wife He Zhen and his mother. There was also a very important figure in the company, He Zhen's cousin Wang Gongquan. He was important because he had a major impact on Liu Shipei's later life. Certainly not a good impact.
After arriving in Japan, through the introduction of Zhang Taiyan and others, Liu Shipei became acquainted with Sun Yat-sen, joined the League, and began to participate in some activities of the League's headquarters in Tokyo. Later, together with Zhang Taiyan, he organized the Asian Peace Association.
Before, it was only to influence Liu Shipei behind his back, after which He Zhen began to officially enter the stage of history.
He Zhen is also a strange woman, she has a deep knowledge of traditional poetry, but also a great interest in Western studies. Her writing is very sharp and her thinking is very active. In addition, this woman is cheerful, lively, beautiful in appearance, and dressed in a completely different way from traditional women, so at the beginning of her appearance, she was very popular with Liu Shipei's colleagues and friends.
She founded the Women's Restoration Association in Tokyo and published the journal "Tenyoshi Newspaper", which actively advocated equality between men and women. She is arguably a pioneer of the women's movement. Not only that, but she also promoted anarchism and socialist theory in this newspaper, advocating the abolition of hierarchy, the realization of human rights equality, and the implementation of anarchist policies.
Shortly after the establishment of this newspaper, she also gave a speech, introducing the origin and purpose of the founding: "I am very suspicious of all scholarship, but superstitious anarchism, so I founded the "Tianyi Bao", which on the one hand said that men and women were equal, and on the other hand, there was no government. The purpose of anarchy is the equality and non-privilege of human beings. If men and women are equal, it is also one of the ends of human equality, and women's struggle for equality is also the end of resistance to privilege, not the opposite of the two doctrines. ”
Linking different propositions together was very clever at the time, which showed He Zhen's talent. Moreover, at that time, the participation of women in the democratic revolution was still very small, and He Zhen was also a pioneer of women's participation in the democratic revolution. Therefore, He Zhen was very famous in the circle of democratic revolution at that time. Its name has spread widely from Japan to Japan.
Liu Shipei wrote the "Tianyi Bao Qi" for the "Tianyi Bao", which further introduced the original intention of founding this newspaper. He said that the newspaper was founded to supplement the shortcomings of the previous revolution, "in addition to advocating the revolution in the women's world, it also advocates racial, political, and economic revolutions." ”
Later, He Zhen further put forward the specific proposition of the "women's revolution":
(a) Monogamy;
2. After marriage, a woman does not follow her husband's surname, but is juxtaposed with her father's surname;
3. Equal emphasis is placed on both men and women, and parents should treat their sons and daughters equally;
(iv) Men and women are brought up in the same way, have the same education and have the same position, and women shall participate in all social activities;
5. If the husband and wife are not harmonious, they shall be separated, and before the separation, neither party shall be able to combine with a third party in any form, otherwise it shall be deemed to be a violation of Article 1;
(6) The first-married man is the daughter of the first marriage;
Seventh, abolish the prostitutes of the world, go to the prostitutes of the world, and purify the atmosphere.
These claims were very advanced and radical at the time, and many of them were reasonable. Worthy of her purpose of founding Tianyi Bao.
This year was the most glorious period in the couple's lives. It is also the period of time when the positive effects of couple cooperation are most obvious. However, the so-called things must be reversed. This truth is also fulfilled in the two of them.
Carefully analyzing the propositions of Liu Shipei and He Zhen, it can be seen that the two people's understanding of these doctrines is actually superficial, and they do not understand the deep connotations.
The doctrine of capitalism, socialism and anarchism are three fundamentally different political propositions. Connecting them to illustrate their own understanding can show the vitality of their thinking. But more importantly, it is easy to get lost and confused. Of course, at that time, many people did not know clearly, such as Zhang Taiyan.
If the concept is not clear, it is impossible to clearly guide action. Later, differences arose within the League, and Liu Shipei and his wife also participated. This confusion of ideas should be an important source of this.
At that time, Zhang Taiyan was confused about the democratic revolution because of this incident, and even had the idea of going to India to become a monk. To this end, he asked Liu Shipei and his wife to contact him and seek financial support from DuanFang, the governor of Liangjiang. Liu Shipei and He Zhen returned to China one after another and contacted Duan Fang. However, in the bargain, the two parties have never reached an agreement.
However, it can be seen from this incident that the two did not insist on the democratic revolution as they advocated. The fact that they are able to do so shows that they are not really doing what they see fit and what they are doing. They didn't genuinely want to change the social situation at that time.
What they did later proved this.
Although China has a tradition of secrecy for the elderly since ancient times, it has to be said that from all indications, the series of propositions put forward by Liu Shipei earlier are closely related to his dissatisfaction with the Qing court in his heart when he tries to fail the list. As for his wife He Zhen, it is more like trying to make a splash and attract the attention of others.
Some say it was the internal divisions of the League that led to the collapse of Liu Shipei's belief in the democratic revolution. This is not convincing. Liu Shipei and his wife probably did not have such a belief from the beginning.
At that time, Liu Shipei fell off the list, and once had an unobstructed insult to the emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi, and was also regarded as a dangerous person and wanted to arrest him. This is why Liu Shipei fled Beijing and arrived in Shanghai. Subsequently, he became acquainted with Zhang Taiyan and came into contact with the new doctrine. It's all causally related.
At the end of 1907, Liu Shipei, under the repeated encouragement of his wife He Zhen, composed the "Book of the Upper Duanfang", proposing the "Ten Strategies for Rebellion", betraying the revolution and taking the initiative to become a secret agent of the Duanfang.
At that time, it was supposed that He Zhen's cousin Wang Gongquan had a certain relationship with Duan Fang, which made Zhang Taiyan entrust them to negotiate from it. It is precisely because of this that Liu Shipei and He Zhen got acquainted with Duan Fang. After the end side learned about their status, it attached great importance to them, so it increased its money offensive. "Baited by the money of the end party", He Zhen first wavered, and then strongly asked Liu Shipei to do so. Liu Shipei himself was afraid of the inside and was obedient to his wife, so the matter was logical.
"I want to take chaos as my duty, serve the court a little, and reward the grace of the public." This is the sincerity expressed by Liu Shipei. Comparing Liu Shipei's propositions before and after, he is more like Song Jiang in "Water Margin", and he is still inclined to the Qing court in his bones.
In 1909, Liu Shipei and his wife trapped the revolutionary Tao Chengzhang in Shanghai, but things did not succeed. Subsequently, he betrayed the secrets of the Zhejiang uprising to Duanfang, resulting in the destruction of the revolutionary organ Tianbao Stack, and Zhang Gong, the leader of the Jinhua Longhua Society, was arrested and imprisoned.
This incident made many revolutionary volunteers very angry, and Wang Jinfa in Zhejiang could not bear it anymore and decided to personally hoe the rape. When he broke into Liu Shipei's residence with a gun, Liu mou fell to his knees without dignity and begged for forgiveness, promised to leave Shanghai, and promised to do his best to rescue Zhang Gong. Wang Blonde spared him.
In the summer of 1909, Wang Jinfa killed Wang Gongquan. Wang Gongquan colluded with He Zhen and was the main instigator of Liu Shipei's actions. Getting rid of Wang Gongquan is also a warning to Liu Shipei.
However, Liu Shipei ignored all this, or He Zhen ignored all this, and Liu Shipei became the guest of honor of DuanFang. He ordered the Golden Stone for Duanfang And concurrently taught at the Liangjiang Normal School. After Duan Fang was transferred to the viceroy of zhili, Liu Shipei closely followed, and successively served as a copywriter of the viceroy of direct subordination and a counselor of the faculty.
In 1911, Duan Fang went to Sichuan to serve as the minister of the Sichuan-Han Railway, and sent troops to suppress the Road Protection Movement. He was later killed by the mutinous new army in Zizhou, Sichuan. Liu Shipei was also imprisoned.
After the Wuchang Uprising, Cai Yuanpei served as the minister of education of the Nanjing Provisional Government, and together with Zhang Taiyan, he sent a newspaper to find Liu Shipei. Later, after finding out, he tried to protect Liu Shipei and called Sichuan and asked them to escort Liu Shipei to Nanjing.
Chen Duxiu was then serving as the secretary of the Governor's Office of Anhui Province, and he personally wrote to the Governor to intercede for Liu Shipei and ask him to write a book to atone for his sins.
Liu Shipei finally broke away from the cage under their rescue and spoke for a period of time in Sichuan. This is also an important reason why Cai Yuanpei tried their best to intercede for Liu Shipei. Liu Shipei's status as a master of traditional Chinese studies could not be denied no matter what he did.
Unfortunately, Liu Shipei has a wife named He Zhen.
From the moment she surrendered to Duanfang, she had already begun to dominate Liu Shipei. Of course, Liu Shipei also had that intention in his heart. But mainly, it is He Zhen who is behind all this.
Soon after Liu Shipei was released, he was introduced by his friend Nan Guixin to Yan Xishan as a senior adviser. Later, Yan Xishan recommended Liu Shipei to Yuan Shikai. When Yuan Shikai stole the fruits of the revolution and reversed the restoration of the imperial system, Liu Shipei became an advocate and vigorously promoted the imperial system. He was appointed by Yuan Shikai as a suffragan and later as a Shang dafu. At that time, he was proud of himself and stood out from the world together with He Zhen.
However, this matter was after all perverse, and soon Yuan Shikai collapsed. Liu Shipei was on the wanted list. After Li Jingxi's guarantee, he was removed from the list. However, Liu Shipei was also extremely sloppy, and could not stay in Beijing, so he had to come to Tianjin with He Zhen to live in seclusion.
He Zhen can be said to have personally destroyed Liu Shipei. Liu Shipei followed He Zhen's advice without a bottom line, and was also spurned by the people at that time. Zhang Taiyan was once very disgusted with him for this. Liu Shipei and Zhang Taiyan were like-minded confidants, and they also parted ways under the provocation of He Zhen.
During his time in Japan, Zhang Taiyan lived with Liu Shipei and his wife and Wang Gongquan, also to facilitate the development of revolutionary work. However, this time, Zhang Taiyan discovered a great secret.
According to Wang Dong, a man at the time, "Liu was a scholar who buried his head in writing all day and had lung disease", and his wife He Zhen "had both a good name and a lot of desire." On the one hand, she used Liu Neng to write articles, and ran a monthly magazine for her fame, advocating women's rights and having an anarchic color; on the other hand, she was dissatisfied with Liu and behaved debauchery. Wang (Gongquan) took advantage of this seduction and had a relationship with He. ”
Zhang Taiyan was anxious for his friend after discovering this matter, and he was also a little too irrational. He directly told Liu Shipei about this matter and reminded him to pay attention to their relationship, so as not to cause a scandal and affect Liu Shipei's reputation. Liu Shipei's head was even more unclear, and he told his mother about this matter again, and later told He Zhen. Of course, he said it with an attitude of distrusting Zhang Taiyan.
Liu Shipei's mother scolded Zhang Taiyan for provoking dissension and was uneasy and kind. He Zhen even threw himself in front of Liu Shipei like a shrew and angrily scolded Zhang Taiyan. Liu Shipei was also very dissatisfied with Zhang Taiyan. This incident directly led to the hatred of Liu Shipei's family against Zhang Taiyan to the bone.
In May 1908, Liu Shipei stole a private seal from Zhang Taiyan. Forged "Binglin Notice" and published it in the Shanghai "Shenzhou Daily". Zhang Taiyan's name is Binglin, and his name is Taiyan. Names are generally used to refer to themselves. Therefore, Liu Shipei drafted such a topic and forged Zhang Taiyan's tone to make remarks.
In the notice, Liu Shipei said in Zhang Taiyan's tone that he was tired of the revolution and was ready to leave the door behind closed doors, ask the senior monks to shave their heads, and spend the rest of his life studying Buddhist texts, beyond mortal dust. He also warned friends and family not to contact him, and even if they did, they would always refuse.
This matter was too vicious, and Zhang Taiyan was actually hidden. When he learned of this, he was furious. In June of the same year, he published a special advertisement in the "Minbao", accusing Liu Shipei and his wife of being spies in the Qing court, fabricating facts, and scolding them.
Later, Liu Shipei and his wife even created a "poisoned tea case" in an attempt to poison Zhang Taiyan's tea water and murder Zhang Taiyan.
After this kind of thing, the two families are completely broken. Zhang Taiyan's kindness was disappointed by Liu Shipei. Liu Shipei did not distinguish between good and evil, and blindly followed his wife's horse.
Later, Liu Shipei returned to China and sent the documents that Zhang Taiyan had entrusted him with consulting with Duanfang to Huang Xing, the leader of the League, slandering Zhang Taiyan for accepting Duanfang's money and abandoning the revolution.
He Zhen gave these documents to Wu Zhihui, who had a disagreement with Zhang Taiyan. Wu Zhihui is the founder and editor-in-chief of New Century Magazine. At that time, Zhang Taiyan once questioned him for betraying himself and a group of revolutionaries, so there was a contradiction. Of course, it was actually just a coincidence, and there was no such thing. Wu Zhihui actually did not worry too much about Zhang Taiyan.
However, He Zhen felt that there must be a lot of contradictions between them, so she wrote a thick letter and used various reasons to denigrate Zhang Taiyan. I hope that Wu Zhihui can be published in the "New Century". However, Wu Zhihui did not listen to her words and kept shelving.
This couple can be said to be extremely vicious, and will stop at nothing to make a stinky Zhang Taiyan's reputation.
However, Zhang Taiyan's heart is still broad-minded. As mentioned above, when Liu Shipei was imprisoned in Sichuan, he was rescued by Cai Yuanpei. It can be said that it is a representative of resenting with virtue.
In early 1917, Cai Yuanpei presided over Peking University and hired Chen Duxiu as the dean of liberal arts. Chen Duxiu then remembered Liu Shipei. When he came to Tianjin, he found that Liu Shipei had fallen to live in a broken temple, unclothed, and his life was difficult. Chen Duxiu then invited Liu Shipei to peking university to give a lecture. Liu Shipei naturally agreed.
I have to say that at that time, people like Cai Yuanpei, Chen Duxiu, Huang Kan, etc. were all broad-minded and tolerant. On the recommendation of these people, Liu Shipei became a professor of Chinese literature at Peking University.
In 1919, Liu Shipei, together with Huang Kan, Zhu Xizu, Ma Xulun and Liang Shuming, established the Guogu Monthly Magazine and became a nationalist faction.
On November 20 of that year, Liu Shipei died of tuberculosis. He Zhen was in pain and had a nervous breakdown. According to Liu Yazi's recollection: "After uncle Shen (Liu Shipei) died, Zhijian (He Zhen) had a seizure of neurosis and cried bitterly at the gate of Peking University. Not long after, He Zhen also died.
If purely from the perspective of the relationship between husband and wife, Liu Shipei and He Zhen have a deep affection and are representatives of a happy marriage. But from a righteous and moral point of view, the two can be called adulterers.
Liu Shipei is more suitable for learning than for participating in politics. The matter between the two also tells us that respecting the wife should still have a bottom line, not without restraint.