Mrs. Taiyan Tang Guoli
I don't know who plays the jade flute, and one flower blooms two incense. Regarding TangGuo Pear, there are two questions that should be clarified first.
The first question is: Where is Tang Guoli?
In Tang Guoli's dictation and Hu Juemin's reminiscences, there is a sentence of her original words: "I am a native of Wuxingwu Town, Zhejiang Province. These just nine words are not easy to say clearly. Because of Wuxingwu Town, Zhejiang, today, the three places are not one.
First of all, Tang Guoli is a native of Wuzhen, Zhejiang, so it belongs to today's Jiaxing Tongxiang.
Now Wuzhen, Feisheng Hainei, as the ancient town tourism operator, almost everyone knows this place "the last pillow water in Jiangnan". However, do you think that the Wuzhen you know is all about Wuzhen? Non also!
Wuzhen, is a very special giant town in the ancient town of Jiangnan, bounded by the Chexi City River flowing from north to south, before the Republic of China, it was divided into two towns of Wuqing, the west of Wuzhen, which belonged to Wucheng County, the capital of Huzhou, and Qingzhen in the east, which belonged to Tongxiang County of Jiaxing Province.
Although the two towns are separated by political districts, the locals are accustomed to collectively calling it Wuqing Town. In the "territory" of Kangxi's "Wuqing Literature", Zhang Yuanzhen has a clear statement of the territory and four solstices of Wuqing Town: "Seven miles of the city, four miles of horizontal, longitudinal and wu of Qingzhen, etc., horizontal and half", "As for the tens of miles of the territory to go", during the Republic of China, there was also the release of "Wuqing Town Chronicle".
The two towns live across the river, and residents come and go from time to time. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there was the scale of "Wanran Fucheng Meteorology", named a small town, which was comparable to Huzhou and Jiaxing. There is a joint name for the characteristics of the wuzhen land boundary: "Ping Fan two Zhejiang (Song two Zhejiang Road), control of the three Wu (ancient Huiji, Wu, Wu xing three counties combined)"
In a "Please Divide the Counties and Administer the Loose" during the Ming Jiajing period, you can see the grand situation of the city at that time:
Wuzhen big city, the secluded and thick, shangjia four sets, the wealth of the house of a county ... Wucheng, Gui'an, Tongxiang, Xiushui, Chongde, Wujiang and other six counties spoke in all directions... It's like a city of meteorology.
Tang Guoli's father, the Tang family, said that it was a Huzhou Gui'an person, and some said that it was a Huzhou Wuxing person. So let's sort out the attribution of these place names.
Gui'an is the name of an ancient county in present-day Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. In the 982 yuan (7th year of the Taiping Revival of the Northern Song Dynasty), in order to celebrate the submission of the Qian clan WuYue state to the Great Song, the 15 townships southeast of Wucheng County, the capital of Huzhou, were separated into a new Gui'an County.
Gui'an and Wucheng counties were ruled by the same city, and the former site of Gui'an County was located in the east of Luotuoqiao in the center of present-day Huzhou. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Gui'an and Wucheng counties were the capital counties of Huzhou and still ruled by the same city. In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), Gui'an County was abolished and merged with Wucheng County to form Wuxing County (now Huzhou City). Gui'an County has existed for 930 years from the beginning of the establishment of the county to the merger with Wucheng County to form Wuxing County.
Based on this situation, many articles recalling Tang Guoli's father's family will appear in Gui'an, Wuxing, Wucheng, Huzhou and other theories, and because Tang Guoli died early, Tang Guoli returned to the Shen family in Chexi Hexi with his mother after the death of his father, so he has not officially clarified the geographical ownership joints of his father's Tang family.
The former residence of Tang guoli, which is now left behind, is located in the current Nanzha of Wuzhen. She recalls that in the poems of her girlhood, there have been many scenes of Wuzhen's scenery, and she once had a poem "Passing Wangjiazhuang - Outside the South Gate of Wuzhen": chickens and dogs are handed over, and the quiet is a path. Soft mulberry low obstruction hair, fine bamboo chaotic wind. The words are every village girl, and the song is envied by the shepherd boy. Taoyuan is in the human realm, Mo asked the fisherman. Rustic and delightful.
Tang Guoli's mother's siblings and relatives, as well as the family of her uncle who sponsored her to study in Shanghai when she was a teenager, have found this person in the history of Wuzhen. "Tongxiang County Chronicle", "Wuzhen Town Chronicle"... All are Zhang Taiyan's wife, Mr. Tang Guoli, as a famous villager in Tongxiang, so of course, Tang Guoli is a native of Wuzhen, Tongxiang.
Besides, Tang Guoli is a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang, then Wuxing belongs to today's Huzhou.
Therefore, Huzhou people say that Tang Guoli is a Huzhou person, and that is also correct.
The lake of Huzhou is the lake of Taihu Lake. Huzhou is bordered by Taihu Lake to the north and is the only southeastern county named after Taihu Lake in the cities around Taihu Lake. The characteristics of Huzhou water town are very obvious, the southwest of the city is surrounded by two streams in the east and west, the water system outside the city and the various river ports in the city have their own connections, and the river ports are networked and connected in all directions. Huzhou residents also choose water to live, because the water into the city, because of the water and prosperity, every family near the water through the boat, are "amaranth people's homes".
Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the economic development of Huzhou has gradually flourished, enjoying the southeast and enjoying the best time. Huzhou is mainly prosperous in the folk silk weaving industry, the city resounds with the sound of looms, and Huzhou even has a place to weave. In the late Qing Dynasty, the five ports of commerce, due to the convenient access of waterways and greater Shanghai, Huzhou ate the dividends of Shanghai's treaty port, and stimulated the development of the silk industry.
Due to the continuous development of business, the phenomenon of getting rich in business is increasing, and the society's view of businessmen is becoming more and more inclined to pay attention. According to the Huzhou Chronicle, before and after the Opium War, Huzhou produced five major families: bao, Weng, Gao, Bi, and Tang. At that time, there was a saying in Huzhou called "Bao Gui Tang Fu", which meant that Bao Shi was noble and Tang Shi was rich. Although the Tang clan ranked last among the five noble families, it had the most money, but the concept of heavy agriculture and suppression of business in society still stubbornly existed.
The Huzhou Tang clan is known as the Zhongshan Tang clan. During the Opium War, the peak of the Tang clan in Huzhou, the property owned by the tang clan is said to occupy half of the city of Huzhou, which is called "Tang Half City". The Tang family opened a money house and a pawnshop, and there was even a "wife wants to be a wife (the meaning of hiding it), and the old man wants to let go, and opens thirty-six pawns", referring to the Huzhou Tang family at that time.
However, in the generation of Tang Guoli's father, the Tang family's rooms have gradually declined.
Tang Guoli's father's name is Tang Qicheng, because of the prosperity of local trade traditions, Tang Qicheng, who could not make a big career in his hometown, and his brother in the family, that is, Tang Guoli's uncle, had gone out to do business early.
According to Mr. Tan Jiancheng, a famous calligrapher and painter in Huzhou, his mother Tang Qin was a member of the Tang clan in Zhongshan, Huzhou, and there were many merchants and readers in the clan, the most famous of which was the Tang Guoli who became Mrs. Zhang Taiyan.
Sea painter, Mr. Tang Zhaoji, known as "Tang Peony", is also a Huzhou native, he is chatting with Mr. Tan Jiancheng, Tan Lao also recalled with him the prominence of the Tang clan in Huzhou: The Tang Family Ancestral Hall is located in the northeast of the current Huzhou Temple, which is the largest ancestral hall in Hucheng in the Qing Dynasty, and the furniture in the hall is made of rosewood and mahogany, which is very valuable. But the ancestral hall is neglected, and these precious furniture are often stolen, but they are less than they make up. Later, the entire family's economy declined, and it was unable to make up for it, so it could only be worn together with chains. Once, there was a brother in the Tang family who divided the family, and everything was divided equally, that is, a night pearl the size of a ping-pong ball, the two brothers wanted, no way, asked the Suzhou craftsmen to split into two halves. It's a loser!
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, many people of the Tang family went out to make a living. Mr. Tang's grandfather went to Shanghai to engage in finance, real estate and silk business. Mr. Tang Zhaoji's father, Tang Zengxi, who liked calligraphy and painting since childhood, had sought advice from Wu Zhiqiu, who had "four great people on the sea" during the Republic of China, and also had a lot of contacts with famous artists such as Shen Yinmo and Fang Jiekan. Tang Zengxi later became a senior employee of the Central Bank of the Republic of China government, he called Tang Guoli an aunt, And Mr. Zhang Taiyan once gave him a couplet: "Hedong Shi is good at the reputation of the birds, Jiang Zuo people zhan bamboo arrows", seven words in cursive, the upper paragraph is: Yinsun Instructions, the next paragraph is: Zhang Binglin, the two sides of the ring seal: Zhang Binglin, Taiyan.
Therefore, Tang Guoli's father is a native of the Tang clan in Zhongshan, Huzhou. She was born in Shanghai and traveled with her father in Jiangyin, Hankou and other places in her childhood. In his later years, Tang Guoli called himself "The Old Man on the Amaranth", and once wrote a poem "There is a hometown of nostalgia": "Less lonely and more difficult to drift for a long time, white hair has not returned, the smoke and water in the dream are wide, and although the hometown is good, the old people are rare." "苕上", "菰城", "苕霅", are all known as Huzhou.
Therefore, it is reasonable to say that Tang Guoli is a Huzhou person.
Mr. and Mrs. Tang Guoli and their two mothers took a group photo, Zhang Taiyan was formerly Mrs. Shen, and Mrs. Tang was formerly Mrs. Zou
The second question: Is Tang Guoli's mother surnamed Shen or Zou?
There is a photo that many people have seen, which is a group photo of Zhang Taiyan and Tang Guoli with their families shortly after their new marriage. The newlyweds stood in the back row, in front of the left and right two Taishi chairs, sitting upright on two old ladies, the description under the photo is "Zhang Taiyan, Tang Guoli married with Tang Guoli's two mothers Mrs. Shen and Mrs. Zou after marriage", according to the Zhang family's descendants, Zhang Taiyan sat in front of Mrs. Shen, Tang Guoli sat in front of Mrs. Zou, with the left as the honor, so Mrs. Shen was honored, and Mrs. Zou was second.
The phrase "two mothers" must be difficult for ordinary people to understand. So, Tang Guoli's mother, is the surname Shen or zou?
This is a long story.
Huzhou Gui'an is adjacent to Tongxiang, and the people of the two places have frequent exchanges. In the Gui'an Tang family in Huzhou, there was a young man named Tang Qicheng, who, as an adult, married a girl from the Shen family in Tongxiang. This is the marriage between Tang Guoli's father and the Shen family in Tongxiang.
The stove head was formerly called Zaoxi, so the two place names conveyed at least two messages of this place. First, there are many tulip trees in this place, so many that it has become a specialty and become a sign that distinguishes a place from other places; the second is that the name of the stove head is named after the smelting and casting industry here, and since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, this place has mainly produced iron kettles, iron irons and so on. In particular, the dragon and phoenix iron is the signature product of Shen Yichang Smelting Workshop, which has been selling well in the north and south of the river for many years. This Shen Yichang smelter is the property of the Shen clan where the young Tang Qicheng of Huzhou married his wife.
The Shen clan is a local noble family, and it has a great reputation in the furnace smelting workshop. Coincidentally, Shen Ji, the ancestor of the Shen clan, was also from Huzhou. Lu Xuepu's "Wuqing Town Chronicle" records: The smelting workshop of Kaolu Town, which began in Ming Jiajing, had Shen Ji character embroidery chuan, moved from Huzhou to Furnace Town, and founded shen Yichang smelting workshop. ”
Shen Ji, that is, the ancestor of the Shen family in Tongxiang, when Tang Guoli's parents were in the generation, the family was more prosperous. Compared with the declining Tang family of Huzhou, Lady Shen's family is much better off than the Tang family. However, people have never been perfect, Mrs. Shen is gentle, kind, and upright, but she has one of the biggest regrets, that is, she has been married to Tang Qicheng for many years, but she has never been able to have children.
In a certain year of famine, a family surnamed Zou came to the town and dragged a large family with a daughter. Go to Dewu Town and rest for a few days at Tang Qicheng's house. Mrs. Shen was a benevolent woman, and when she saw that there was a beautiful,hard-working and simple girl in the family, she asked the parents if she could leave the girl behind and give it to her husband as a partial room. First, it spares the hardships of the girl's escape, and also reduces the burden on the Zou family; second, it is also expected to give her husband a partial house, and it is also expected to have children and heirs for the Tang family.
At that time, it seemed normal for the eldest wife of the family to personally recruit her husband to take a concubine and marry a lady in order to pass on the inheritance of her husband's family. Just like the story in a TV series with high ratings that year, "Orange Red": the last year of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan Town. The eldest aunt (the eldest wife of the Rong family), played by Gui Yalei, due to inability to have children, personally selected the daughter of the tenant family, Xiuhe, played by Zhou Xun, to be the concubine of the old man, and the eldest wife decided to marry Xiuhe into the Rong family, in order to have children and children for the Rong family old man played by Kou Shixun.
In this way, the girl of the Zou family was left by Lady Shen to Make a partial room for Tang Qicheng, which was commensurate with the kind and generous Sister Shen.
Since then, Tang Qichengfan has gone out to make a living, and it is Lady Zou who accompanies and serves. On September 24, 1883, Mrs. Zou, who was working with her husband in Shanghai, gave birth to a baby girl, which was the first daughter of Tang Qicheng and Mrs. Zou, named Tang Guoli. His father also gave Tang Guoli a milk name, calling her "Introduction Official", hoping that she could attract a boy, so as to fulfill Lady Zou's original intention of passing on the tang family lineage. Later, after the "introduction official" attracted her sister Tang Guoyu, Lady Zou finally gave birth to a male for the Tang family, and Tang Guoli had a younger brother and named Tang Guotang.
Mrs. Zou was also a generous, kind and upright woman, and she never forgot that there was another Mrs. Shen in Wuzhen, took her in, and gave her a home. Therefore, although Tang Qicheng has been making a living for many years, from Shanghai, to Jiangsu, and then to Hubei, Mrs. Shen is not around for many years, but the three brothers and sisters of the Tang family, from birth, know that there is also a mother surnamed Shen in her hometown of Wuzhen. This is the origin of my saying that Tang Guoli has two mothers, Shen and Zou.
When Tang Guoli was nine years old, his father Tang Qicheng died. Lady Zou had no choice but to return to Wuzhen with her three children and defect to the Shen family. Since then, Mrs. Shen has been with her to raise the three brothers and sisters to grow up.
Mrs. Shen, who lost her husband, could only live in her mother's house. Fortunately, the Shen family has a great cause, and in the face of two widows with three children, the Shen family takes care of an orphan and widowed mother everywhere. The two mothers of the Shen and Zou clans, pulling the three sisters and brothers of Tang Guoli, Tang Guoyu and Tang Guotang, slowly grew up.
According to Tang Guoli's descendants, they nicknamed Mrs. Zou, the birth mother of Tang Guoli, "Good Wife", Wuzhen's Wife of shen as "Old Grandmother of Tongxiang", and Uncle Shen Hefu, who funded Tang Guoli's studies, as "Old Grandfather of Tongxiang".
If I smell I smell, I smell