Archives of Emperor Hangao:
Year of birth and death: 256 BC to 195 BC
Parents: Father, Liu Taigong; Mother, Liu Mi
Empress Dowager: Empress Lü, Lady Qi, Bo Ji, Lady Guan, Zhao Zi'er, etc
Year: None
Reigned from 206 BC to 195 BC
Title: Emperor Gao
Temple number: Gaozu
Mausoleum: Chang'an Changling
Personality: Bohemian, generous and open-minded, from the flow of advice
Statue of Emperor Gao Liu Bang
Comments:
Emperor Liu Bang of Han gao was stronger than Xiang Yu, the king of Western Chu, and he had to make decisions first and use people properly.
--Mao Zedong
Emperor Han gao, whose name was Liu Bang, was the first civilian emperor in Chinese history to ascend to the throne by the leader of the peasant revolt. He was both cunning and righteous, and after he started his army, he was very good at employing people, knew how to grasp the advantages and righteousness, and after starting the army, he was very good at employing people, knew how to seize favorable opportunities, and finally stood out in the warlord melee at the end of qin and established the great Western Han Dynasty, which had the most far-reaching impact on the development of China's history and culture.
Judge the situation and size up the "rogue" into a hero
In the 59th year of King Zhao of Zhou (256 BC), Liu Taigong, a villager in Zhongyangli who lived in Fengyi (present-day Feng County, Jiangsu), welcomed his third son, liu ji, who later became Liu Bang. However, Liu Bang's birth did not attract much attention from the Liu family. Later, Liu Taigong had a fourth son, and the third liu bang in the middle was even less noticed. Liu Bang was born smart and clever, and Liu Taigong also asked him to study, but he was not interested at all, and he did not want to go after reading for a few days. The Liu family was just an ordinary and honest peasant family, and they did not expect Liu Bang to study and become an official, and when they saw that he did not want to study, they did not reluctantly let him farm at home. But Liu Bang was unwilling to farm, and his father scolded him many times, but to no avail. Liu Taigong had no choice but to leave this indisputable son by him. Liu Bang did nothing, just wandered around the village and town every day, becoming a typical. However, he was bold and open-minded, generous, and soon made a large number of friends. This group of people wandered all day long and were notorious. The old father, Liu Taigong, beat his chest in anger and scolded Liu Bang as a "scoof."
Liu Bang grew up in such a chaotic way, he felt that his life was a little boring, and he wanted to find something to do. At this time, Qin Shi Huang had unified the whole country and was carrying out a comprehensive reform in a drastic way. Liu Bang became the chief of the Surabaya Pavilion. The function of the pavilion chief was to assist the yamen in maintaining law and order and arresting thieves, and Liu Bang thus transformed from a "lawbreaker" who fought and fought to a "righteous and awe-inspiring" law enforcer. Liu Bang mixed well here, and his excellent communication skills were also displayed. He had good friendships with county officials, big and small, and his former rogue friends were very supportive of him. In this way, Liu Bang has a certain reputation in the underworld and white roads. Xiao He, Fan Duo, Zhou Bo, Xiahou Bao, and others he became acquainted with later became his right-hand men. However, Liu Bang was greedy and lustful, hooked up with women everywhere, misbehaved, and even had an affair with a woman surnamed Cao, and also gave birth to a son, which was Liu Bang's eldest son, Liu Fei, who was later crowned the King of Qi by him.
Liu Bang's ambitions are still very ambitious. Once, he was responsible for escorting the servants to Xianyang, and on the way, he happened to encounter a large group of people and horses from Qin Shi Huang's tour. Liu Bang saw Qin Shi Huang sitting in a gorgeous car from a distance, surrounded by majestic honor guards, and he couldn't help but exclaim, "Oh, the big husband should be like this!" ”
Liu Bang married shortly after returning from Xianyang. He married the daughter of Lü Gong (劉公), a native of Shan County, Shandong (present-day southern Shan County, Shandong). Lü Gong moved to Pei County to live because he wanted to avoid the enemy family, and he had a good friendship with the county order of Pei County. I heard that Lü Gong was a distinguished guest of the county lord, and the local squires sent prayers one after another. At that time, the person in charge of arranging the banquet was Xiao He, the chief official of Pei County, who announced to the visitors: "All those who have less than a thousand yuan for the congratulatory gift will sit down in the hall." Liu Bang was also a visitor, but he didn't even bring money, but he wanted face very much, so he said to the steward of the reception: "I congratulate ten thousand yuan!" The steward passed the words in, and Lü Gong heard that someone had sent such a heavy gift, and quickly came out to greet him personally. Lü Gong was very good at looking at faces, and when he saw that Liu Bang was born with a high nose and a dragon face, and that he was extraordinary, he thought that this was the appearance of wealth and nobility, so he looked at Liu Bang differently. Although someone next to him reminded that Liu Bang was a famous scoundrel. Lü Gong still believed in his vision and offered to marry his eldest daughter Lü Yan to him. Although Liu Bang was not yet married, in fact, he had sons, but he had always been lustful, and when he saw that Lü Yan was beautiful and Lü Gong was rich, he happily agreed. This Lü Yan was the famous Empress Lü in later history. After Liu Bang got married, he continued to be the chief of the pavilion. At this time, Qin Shi Huang was repairing the palace and building a mausoleum. Liu Bang had to escort the prisoners to Lishan several times a year to repair the imperial tomb. Under the tyranny of Qin Shi Huang, the people had no way to live at all, and almost all the people who went to repair the tombs had no way to go back, so many people fled on the road.
In the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shi Huang (210 BC), Liu Bang was once again ordered to escort his criminal husband to serve in Lishan. When we walked to Daze Township in Fengyi County, many people fled. Liu Bang was also helpless, because the laws of the Qin Dynasty were harsh, prisoners escaped or delayed dates, and those escorted were also beheaded. Depressed, he drank some more wine, so he simply untied the ropes that bound the prisoners and let them escape. When more than a dozen people saw him so righteous, they were unwilling to abandon him and were willing to stay and follow Liu Bang. Therefore, Liu Bang fled with the messengers Fan Duo and Zhou Bo with them. For safety, he sent someone to the front to explore the way. The pathfinder came back and told him that there was a large snake in front of him across the road and could not pass. Liu Bang had always been bold, and after drinking wine, he pulled out his sword and ran to the front to kill the snake. This incident can prove that Liu Bang had the courage at most, but later more and more people followed Liu Bang to escape. In order to establish Liu Bang's prestige, the clever Fan Duo made up a bizarre story about his snake killing. It is said that after Liu Bang killed the snake, there was an old woman sitting on the side of the road crying, saying that someone had killed her son, her son was the son of the White Emperor, and had just turned into a snake and was killed, and the person who killed him was the Red Emperor. As a result, Liu Bang's body was shrouded in a mysterious aura, which made people afraid, and more people followed him. Liu Bang led hundreds of people to the Mangdang Mountains to settle down. It's a secretive place, and no one in power wants to take care of it. But Mrs. Lü Shi ran to visit him with her child, Liu Bang was very strange, so he asked Lü Shi how he found it, And Lü Shi was very scheming, deliberately saying in front of everyone: "Where you are, there will be colorful clouds in the sky, so I can easily find it." The people around listened and believed even more that Liu Bang was not a mortal. As a result, Liu Bang later "obeyed" the will of the people, claimed to be the son of the Red Emperor, and gradually recruited a group of people, and he became the haojie of PeiXian county recognized by people at that time.
In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), forced by the tyranny of Qin Shi Huang, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang launched an uprising in Daze Township (大泽乡, in present-day southwest of Su County, Anhui), and they soon captured Chen (present-day Huaiyang, Henan), and Chen Sheng became king and established the Zhang Chu regime. Haojie in various places raised troops one after another, under the banner of anti-Qin, and seized the opportunity to strengthen their own forces. Liu Bang also supported everyone, with the cooperation of Xiao He and Cao Shan, the chief officials of Pei County, led his troops to capture Pei County and killed the people of the county, and Liu Bang was proclaimed "Pei Gong" by the people.
Take the lead and enter the main level
Liu Bang's ability to leap from a flat-headed commoner to a heroic "Pei Gong" is enough to honor his ancestors. However, he was not satisfied with this, after announcing the uprising against Qin, Xiao He, Fan Duo, etc. all became his confidants, these people were both strategic and courageous people, they went to recruit soldiers and horses separately, pei county disciples enthusiastically participated, and soon gathered more than 3,000 people. Liu Bang also became a small and powerful warlord.
At the same time as Liu Bang's uprising, many Haojie also raised troops one after another, including many nobles of the Six Kingdoms. Xiang Yu was the most powerful of them, he was originally the son of Xiang Yan, a famous general of the Chu State. Together with his uncle Xiang Liang, he led more than 8,000 Jiangdong disciples, killed Huiji Taishou, raised troops from Wuzhong (present-day Wu County, Jiangsu), and soon became the leader of many rebel armies. In the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Wu Guang and Chen Sheng, who had erected the banner of rebellion, were killed successively. Xiang Yu summoned the generals of the various departments to Xue County as the leader of the rebel alliance, and Liu Bang was also summoned by him. They proclaimed Xiong Xin, the grandson of the old King of Chuhuai, as the King of Chuhuai, with the capital Xuyi (盱眙, in modern Xuyi, Jiangsu) and Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Liang as a general. A few days later, the Chu army led by Xiang Liang and the Qin army led by Zhang Handan engaged in a fierce battle. Xiang Liang became proud and careless after winning consecutive victories, and as a result, the Chu army was defeated by Zhang Handan at Dingtao, and Xiang Liang was also killed. After Zhang Handan defeated the Chu army, he felt that the State of Chu would no longer be a climate, so he turned the main force to attack the State of Zhao. The Zhao state was weak and quickly asked the state of Chu for help. Xiong Xin, the king of Chuhuai, consulted with the generals and decided to divide his troops into two ways to aid Zhao Guo. One route led By Xiang Yu and Song Yi, they went directly north for help; the other route led Liu Bang to the west into Guanzhong and contained the Qin army from the rear. King Huai of Chu made an agreement with the generals: "The one who enters the fixed pass first, Wang Zhi!" In other words, whoever broke the Qin army first and invaded Xianyang was the King of Qin.
Xiang Yu was very ambitious, and originally intended to take this opportunity to be the king himself. He went directly to rescue Zhao, all the way the terrain was flat, along the way there were supplies from the Six Kingdoms, and he also brought more than a dozen princes and horses, which can be said to be a safe victory. And Liu Bang, with only a few thousand of his own men, went deep alone, and the way into the pass was full of heavy passes that were easy to defend and difficult to attack, and it was really touching stones with eggs. Wanwan did not expect that Liu Bang would have such good luck and actually smoothly advanced to Guanzhong!
Since the main force of the Qin army was in Zhang Handan's place and was attacking the State of Zhao, Liu Bang did not fight many hard battles along the way. In August of the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang successfully attacked Wuguan and came to Xianyang City. At this time, the Qin court was in a mess, and zhao gao killed Hu Hai, the second qin, and then sent someone to ask Liu Bang for peace, but was refused. Zhao Gao wanted to take the opportunity to claim the throne, but seeing that he could not find a reasonable excuse, he helped a puppet emperor, the grandson and grandson of Qin Shi Huang. Unexpectedly, Zi Bao found an opportunity to kill Zhao Gao and regain power, but the Qin Dynasty was already in turmoil and could not be maintained at all. At this time, Liu Bang led his troops around Yaoguan and had already reached Bashang (灞上, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi) on the eastern outskirts of Xianyang. In October, the Prince of Qin saw that he was cornered, so he had to go out of the city with the jade seal and surrender to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty was thus destroyed by Liu Bang.
When Liu Bang first entered Xianyang, he really regarded himself as the "King of Guanzhong". Qin Shi Huang and Qin II were very absurd and extravagant, building palatial palaces and countless treasures of the beauties in the palace. Liu Bang was born a commoner, where have you seen this? He soon indulged in the pleasures of wealth. Fortunately, Liu Bang had several capable cadres around him, Fan Duo, Zhang Liang and others all advised him to learn the lessons of Qin's death, and the current situation in the world was not optimistic. Liu Bang gradually woke up and did not dare to stay in the Qin Palace, so he stationed his army on Bashang again. Liu Bang also focused his energy on maintaining law and order and pacifying the people. He abolished many cruel laws of the Qin Dynasty, straightened out the administration of officials, resettled displaced people, and resumed production, which enabled him to gain the strong support of the common people and the development of military strength.
Murderous Feast of the Gate of Terror
Although Xiang Yu had heavy troops, he was not smooth everywhere. First, the dozen or so princes he led were uneven in their hearts and all played their own small calculations; second, they encountered the main force of the Qin army. Xiang Yu killed one of the commanders, Song Yi, and took power alone, and after arduous battles such as the Battle of the Broken Cauldron and the Battle of the Giant Deer, he finally eliminated the main force of the Qin army and surrendered to various princes with different intentions. And his invincible bravery on the battlefield, the ruthless killing of 200,000 surrendered Qin soldiers, and the ferocious slaughter of the city that captured the city all made everyone hate and fear him. When Xiang Yu reached Hangu Pass, he learned that Liu Bang had already entered Xianyang. He was very angry and ordered his army to be stationed at Hongmen, which was only 40 miles away from Liu Bang's garrison. At the suggestion of the strategist Fan Zeng, he decided to lead an army to attack Liu Bang.
When Liu Bang heard that Xiang Yu had come with a heavy army and wanted to compete with him to become the "King of Guanzhong", he immediately panicked. Because he only has 100,000 troops, and Xiang Yu has 400,000 elite soldiers who have experienced hundreds of battles, and Xiang Yu himself is also famous on the battlefield. However, Liu Bang was very good at using people, and he had always treated people with benevolence and righteousness, which was very popular with people, just the opposite of Xiang Yu's brutality and murderousness. It was this advantage that saved Liu Bang.
On the night when Xiang Yu made up his mind to attack Liu Bang, Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo quietly came to Liu Bang's army and reported to Zhang Liang, who had saved his life. Xiang Bo originally hoped that Zhang Liang would quickly escape for his life, but Zhang Liang did not want to leave Liu Bang, so he told Liu Bang the news. Liu Bang was very panicked when he heard this, but Zhang Liang had already helped him think of a countermeasure. Liu Bang immediately received Xiang Bo solemnly, and also formed a family with Xiang Bo. After holding Xiang Bo fluttering, Liu Bang respectfully asked him to convey to Xiang Yu his sincerity in not daring to fight with the king, and Xiang Bo agreed with a full mouth, and also reminded Liu Bang: "You must come to the military camp early tomorrow and personally pay tribute to our king!" Liu Bang also agreed with a full mouth.
Early the next morning, Liu Bang brought Zhang Liang, Fan Duo, and more than 100 soldiers to the Hongmen Gate to see Xiang Yu. At the banquet, Liu Bang lowered his voice and spoke humbly, trying to confess that he had no intention of being the king of Guanzhong. Xiang Yu has always been proud and arrogant, and when he saw Liu Bang so low and small, he also extinguished his anger, and he even told Liu Bang: "Our brothers and soldiers are divided into two roads, and they are against Qin with one heart." It was your subordinate Cao Wuxian who informed me that you had ambitions to become king, otherwise how could I have come here? ”
Ruins of the Hongmen Feast
Liu Bang repeatedly reiterated that he had no such heart, and Xiang Yu finally dispelled his doubts. At the feast, Fan Zengzi signaled Xiang Yu to kill Liu Bang, and he did not see it. Fan Zeng had no choice but to run out to find Xiang Zhuang and let him dance his sword during the banquet, taking the opportunity to kill Liu Bang. Xiang Bo was already completely on Liu Bang's side at this time, and he also got up and danced his sword to stop Xiang Zhuang. Zhang Liang saw that the situation was not good, and he also quickly ran out to call Fan Huan in. Fan Was brave and scheming, and he righteously accused Xiang Yu of violating the covenant and ignoring his kindness in front of Xiang Yu. Hearing this, Xiang Yu didn't want to kill Liu Bang even more. Liu Bang took the opportunity to leave the toilet as an excuse, and then copied the path back to Bashang under the escort of his relatives. As soon as he returned to the barracks, he killed the traitor Cao Cao unharmed. This is the famous "Hongmen Feast" in history.
Darkness Chen Cang Chu Han competed
After the Feast of the Hongmen Gate, Xiang Yu proclaimed himself the Overlord of Western Chu as the lord of the anti-Qin alliance, and then divided the princes of the world in the pavilion. In order to guard against Liu Bang, Xiang Yu still followed Fan Zeng's advice, made Liu Bang the King of Han, and sent him to the remote Southern Zheng of Bashu. Liu Bang knew that his strength could not compete with Xiang Yu at all, so he obediently went to Nanzheng. He followed Zhang Liang's advice and burned down the boardwalk as soon as he entered Shudi, saying that he had no intention of sending troops again, in order to eliminate Xiang Yu's suspicions.
After Liu Bang came to Bashu, he appointed Xiao He as Xiangguo, Cao Gan as a general, and other capable people were also reused, and the court of the Han King soon had a certain scale. After the hard work of the Han court, Bashu soon had enough food. Liu Bang felt that everything was ready, so he plotted with Xiao He and others to fight for the world between Bashu and Xiang Yu. Xiao He stayed in the rear as a chancellor, and he recommended the general Han Xin to Liu Bang. Liu Bang made Han Xin a great general and deployed the military in an all-round way. In May of the first year of the Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang and Han Xin led a large army, Ming Xiu Zhan Dao, and Secret Chen Cang (present-day Baoji East, Shaanxi), quickly occupied the entire Guanzhong, officially opening the curtain on the Chu-Han rivalry.
At this time, Xiang Yu was very busy. Due to the unfair division of the pavilion, the princes were disobedient, and the world soon became chaotic again. During the time when Liu Bang was fiercely armed, Xiang Yu had been busy sending troops to recruit rebellious princes from all over the country. Liu Bang's Han army had a smooth ride, and all the princes were attached, and when he captured Xiang Yu's old lair, Pengcheng, he already had 500,000 or 600,000 horses under his command. Xiang Yu originally planned to eradicate the rebellion of Tian Rong, the prince of the State of Qi, and then go all out to deal with Liu Bang. But now that Pengcheng was robbed, he really couldn't swallow this breath, so he hurried to Pengcheng. Taking advantage of Liu Bang and the princes' generals to celebrate their feats in Pengcheng, Xiang Yu led 30,000 elite soldiers to suddenly attack the Han army, killing the Han army by surprise and scattering everywhere, with more than 100,000 dead and wounded. Liu Bang fled with the remnants of his army, killing more than 100,000 people on the way, and finally he escaped with his life only under the protection of dozens of guards. Liu Bang suffered a crushing defeat, and even his father and wife were captured by the Chu army, and the princes who had originally attached to him were scattered like birds and beasts.
In order to regroup, Xiao He recruited almost all the adult male dings in Guanzhong to come to the aid of Liu Bang. Liu Bang finally settled down at Xingyang (荥阳; present-day western Zhengzhou, Henan). Xiao He and Han Xinbing were united, and the Han army began to regain its military spirit. Liu Bang also sent people to persuade Xiang Yu's right-hand men to rebel against Yingbu. In this way, Xiang Yu not only lost a major general, but also had to spend a lot of energy to deal with the rebels in Yingbu, thus reducing the pressure on the Han army. However, although Liu Bang and others tried their best, they still could not stop the deterioration of the situation on the battlefield. When Xiang Yu besieged Xingyang, Liu Bang had no choice but to ask for peace, willing to use Xingyang West as Han. Xiang Yu wanted to agree, but Fan Zeng reminded him that he should take the opportunity to destroy Han and never let the tiger return to the mountain. Liu Bang followed the advice of his subordinate Chen Ping and used the divisive tactic to get Xiang Yu to drive Fan Zeng away. Fan Zeng saw that Xiang Yu had made a big mistake, but he couldn't stop it, so he had to leave with resentment. As a result, before he returned to his hometown of Pengcheng, he was so angry that he had sores on his back and died of poison.
Xiang Yu's ferocity and tyranny made people lose hearts, and his self-indulgence led to fewer and fewer fierce generals under him, and the situation gradually turned unfavorable to the Chu army. The Chu and Han armies faced each other in Xingyang for 10 months, and Xiang Yu saw that there was not enough grain and grass, so he wanted to use damage to force Liu Bang to surrender. Xiang Yu dragged Liu Bang's father, Liu Taigong, to the front and threatened in front of the soldiers on both sides that if Liu Bang did not surrender, he would kill his old father and stew soup. Unexpectedly, Liu Bang was even more rogue than him, and he actually said: "I am appointed with you to be the king of Huai and become a brother." My father is your father, and if you must kill your father, don't forget to give me a bowl of soup! Xiang Yu had the best face, and he was immediately angry and wanted to duel with Liu Bang. Who knew that Liu Bang did not respond to the battle at all, and also unveiled Xiang Yu's laodi and announced his so-called "ten major crimes". Xiang Yu was mad, and Zhang Bow shot Liu Bang with an arrow, but he still couldn't do anything with Liu Bang. Xiang Yu did not want to be called unjust by the people of the world, so he sent Liu Bang's father and wife back to Liu Bang. The Chu and Han dynasties finally made peace, and the two sides agreed that "the world will be divided in the middle", and the east will return to Chu and the west will return to Han, which is the famous "Chu River han boundary" in history.
Overlord Bieji New Year Painting
However, Liu Bang had many advisers under him, and their opinions Liu Bang had always attached great importance to them. After making the contract, Xiang Yu went east, and Liu Bang also prepared to return to the west. Also ready west also. Zhang Liang and Chen Ping reminded Liu Bang that the Chu army was now tired of soldiers and grass, and the grain and grass were exhausted, and it was a good time for the heavens to die in Chu, and it was absolutely impossible to return to the mountains with the tiger. Liu Bang suddenly woke up and immediately led his troops to pursue the Chu army. In October of the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), Liu Bang caught up with Xiang Yu, but was defeated by the Chu army. And Liu Bang's subordinates Han Xin, Peng Yue, and other generals with heavy troops were not very willing to send troops to help him. In order to gain the support of Han Xin and Peng Yue, Liu Bang adopted Zhang Liang's strategy and sent someone to inform the two, saying that as long as they joined forces to attack Chu and defeat Xiang Yu, they would be crowned the King of Qi and the King of Liang. Han Xin and Peng Yue listened and immediately actively cooperated with the troops. Some of the princes who had defected also came to help in the war. By December, the Han army of 300,000 was encircling the Chu legions. Embattled songs sounded, and the Chu army was distraught and fled a lot. Xiang Yu's soldiers ran out of food, and seeing that the defeat had been decided, he planned to fight Liu Bang to the death the next day. That night, he drank goodbye to his concubine Yu Ji in the big tent, and even his beloved mount, the black horse, was brought to his side. Xiang Yu was sad in his heart and generously sang: "Li Ba Shan is full of qi and the world." The times are not good enough to pass. Don't die! Yu Xi Yu Xi Nai Nai! Yu Ji was overwhelmed with grief and drew her sword to kill herself. Xiang Yu led more than 800 troops to fight in bloody battles, and was finally forced to kill himself by the Wu River. The Chu and Han dynasties fought each other, and finally ended in Liu Bang's victory.
Wei Jia Hai Nei founded the Han Room
In the first month of the fifth year of the Reign of Han (202 BC), Liu Bang fulfilled his previous promise and made Han Xin the King of Chu and Peng Yue the King of Liang. The two kings joined forces with the original King of Yan and King Zhao and a total of seven princes to write a letter together, and jointly honored Liu Bang as emperor. Liu Bang pretended to resign and responded. In February of that year, the 55-year-old Liu Bang officially claimed the title of emperor in Dingtao, Shandong, and the name of the country was Han, and he was Emperor Hangao. He then made Lü Yan empress, Lü Yan's son Liu Ying the crown prince, and made the capital Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), known historically as the Western Han Dynasty.
Liu Bang is indeed a very capable person, he can not only win the world at once, but also rule the world under the horse. After decades of harsh government of the Qin Dynasty and more than ten years of war, the world that Liu Bang got was actually a mess with many holes. The population has plummeted, the economy has withered, there have been years of famine, and there are many displaced people and beggars. When Liu Bang became emperor, the first thing he had to do was to develop production. He adopted a policy of recuperation, reducing servitude and taxes, releasing prisoners, reducing the army, encouraging childbearing, persuading farmers to re-emphasize mulberry, and encouraging private industry and commerce. In this way, not only agriculture has been revived, but industry and commerce have gradually flourished.
In order to create a stable production and living environment for the common people, Liu Bang also paid special attention to relations with the surrounding ethnic minorities. He adopted a policy of "peace and affinity", allowing the clan women to marry Morton Shanyu of the Xiongnu as princesses, and gave the Xiongnu a large amount of money, which eased the relations between the Han and the Xiongnu.
The problem of people's livelihood was solved, and Liu Bang focused on consolidating imperial power politically. The political system of the Han Dynasty basically continued the Qin Dynasty, and he made only slight changes, and in this way, a unified centralized feudal dynasty was re-established. In order to maintain his rule, Liu Bang also paid special attention to educating his subjects from the etiquette system and moral concepts. Liu Bang was originally from a small farmer and his culture was not high, but he was a talented politician. In order to maintain the majesty of the imperial power, he formulated a law specifically to maintain the dignity of rank, the Nine Chapters of the Law. He honored his father Liu Taigong as Emperor Taishang, but Liu Taigong had to worship him as a subordinate, so that Liu Bang would become the most majestic emperor.
In the process of consolidating imperial power, the biggest obstacle encountered by Liu Bang was those high-ranking and powerful princes. These people all followed Liu Bang to fight the world and were knighted by military merit. They were all very talented and fierce generals, very prestigious in the army, and once they had different intentions, it was a big problem for Liu Bang. Liu Bang spent a great deal of energy to eradicate these princes who were "high in merit and shocked the lord".
Liu Bang first stripped Han Xin of his military power for treason and placed him under house arrest in the capital, but in the eleventh year of Emperor Han Gao(196 BC), Empress Lü ordered Xiao He to kill Han Xin. The other princes were also eliminated by Liu Bang one by one, and then he relocated all the nobles and their relatives of the original Six Kingdoms to Guanzhong to strengthen surveillance to prevent anyone from rebelling. In the end, Xiao He, who followed Liu Bang in the uprising, was also thrown into prison, and even Liu Bang's brother-in-law Fan Duo was almost punished.
Scramble
Only the strategist Zhang Liang was a wise man, and he once advised Han Xin: "The cunning rabbit dies, the lackey cooks; the high bird is exhausted, the good bow is hidden; the enemy country is broken, and the plotter is killed." But Han Xin did not listen, and later lost his life. After Liu Bang became emperor, Zhang Liang quickly handed over all his powers and powers, hid at home and pretended to be ill, and finally saved his life.
After several years of efforts by Liu Bang, the imperial power was continuously consolidated, the common people also lived a good life, and the Western Han Dynasty began to show vitality. However, he was not blessed to enjoy the prosperity of the Taiping Dynasty, and in the eleventh year of Emperor Han Gao (196 BC), Liu Bang led an army to conquest Yingbu, and as a result, he was hit by a stray arrow and was seriously wounded. The following year, Liu Bang fell ill and died in the Changle Palace.
Liu Bang was called king for 4 years and emperor for 8 years, at the age of 62. After his death, he was buried in Changling (near present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi) with the courtesy name "Emperor Gao" and the temple name "Gao Zu". Liu Bang started from a rural commoner, and with his ability to know people and make good use of people and the political courage to judge the situation, he finally established a powerful Western Han Dynasty after experiencing ups and downs. His policy of laxity and inaction and recuperation appeased the war-torn people and laid the foundation for the later prosperity of the Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding politician, and the Han Dynasty he founded lasted for more than 400 years, and Han culture was in Chinese history, and even Liu Bang was called king for 4 years and emperor for 8 years, at the age of 62. After his death, he was buried in Changling (near present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi) with the courtesy name "Emperor Gao" and the temple name "Gao Zu". Liu Bang started from a rural commoner, and with his ability to know people and make good use of people and the political courage to judge the situation, he finally established a powerful Western Han Dynasty after experiencing ups and downs. His policy of laxity and inaction and recuperation appeased the war-torn people and laid the foundation for the later prosperity of the Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding statesman, and the Han Dynasty he founded lasted for more than four hundred years, and Han culture had a profound impact on Chinese history and even world history.
——— excerpt from "The Complete Biography of the Chinese Emperor - Shan Cong"