<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="1" > Zhuzhishan: What a pain into the dust net, the mountain can scream in the sky</h1>
In the qing dynasty and the people's time, in the living room of the generally elegant officials and eunuchs, they all had to hang Tang Bohu's paintings and Zhu Zhishan's characters, which seemed very tall, which was a fashion and a sign of identity.
Tang Bohu is of course a big name, but now people should not know much about Zhu Zhishan, which naturally does not include people in the field of calligraphy and painting, and the vast majority of the melon-eating masses know this funny and full of gas Jiangnan talents from Zhou Xingchi's nonsensical TV series.
I have to say that these chaotic so-called literary and artistic works, while making things up and making things up, attract people's attention with entertainment, but they seriously distort the true image of historical figures, and these chaos in people's minds remain in the pitiful cultural context, and gradually form a consensus, accompanied by ignorance in the heart, sad.
Zhu Zhishan, known as Yunming, Zi Xizhe, a native of Suzhou, was a famous calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty, and was known as the "Four Talents of Wuzhong" along with Tang Bohu, Wen Zhengming, and Xu Zhenqing.
The name Zhuzhishan is actually a nickname given to him by others, because he was born with one finger on his right hand, that is, six fingers, so he called himself Zhuzhishan, so others called it Zhuzhishan, and people in later generations called him "Zhu Jingzhao" because he had served in Nanjing Ying Tianfu.
However, the recognition of the title of Zhu Zhishan is much higher than his real name, perhaps, you say that Zhu Yunming knows not many people, just as it is generally said that Su Dongpo or Tang Bohu, at least more people know than Su Shi and Tang Yin, a truth.
He was born in a Family of Seven Generations of Officials, an authentic family of officials and eunuchs, gifted and intelligent since childhood, diligent and studious, compared with Wen Zhengming's dullness at the age of 7, zhu Zhishan was a child prodigy in the eyes of the people of the time.
At the age of 5, he was able to write a foot square of large characters, at the age of 9 he was able to compose poetry, at the age of 10 he had already read a lot of books, the articles were magnificent, the wisdom was extraordinary, when the book of feasts, Si Ruo Yongquan; the Biography of Ming Shi Zhu Yunming was loaded: "Five years old to make a ruler, nine years old to be able to write poems, slightly longer, expo clusters, articles have a strange atmosphere, when the feast book, Si Ruo Yongquan." Yu Gong calligraphy, the name of the moving sea. ”
He has learned his family's origins, and he has worked hard, and he can't become famous; however, this prodigy can be described as sad in his career, high and low, and he has never been a decent official in his life, which may also be the most regrettable thing in his life.
Ming Dynasty officials are particular about origin, that is, must be admitted to the entrance examination before they can be appointed as officials, so to participate in the examination is the only way for scholars, Zhu Zhishan also fought this road for a lifetime, he took the government examination at the age of 17, won the Xiucai in one fell swoop, but in the township examination is very unsmooth, even 5 times in the examination, it is difficult to mix a person at the age of 32.
Next, he rushed into the soldier, and he did not know how long he had been tested, anyway, he took the test 7 times, and even his son passed the exam, but he was still the second time to fall behind Sun Shan, so he had to honestly stay at home, study calligraphy and painting, and entertain himself.
The field is not smooth, the career is uncertain, but he is still not dead,He tries to suppress the restlessness that often comes up in his heart, and he suffers for a long time when his heart is full of suffering. From his following song "Idle Autumn Day", we can also taste the bitterness in his heart.
Because of the ability to temporarily retreat from the summer heat, there is no need to climb the ancient sages more;
And throw the cup and spoon for laziness, and the chapter of less things is afraid of idleness;
The wind falls on a neighboring temple leaf, and the cloud opens half of the city mountain;
Fusheng only said that it is easy to sneak in, and it is more difficult to hide than to seek fame.
Idle is not easy, it is difficult to seek concealment, this painful time has been until he was 55 years old, I don't know whether to buy an official or take the door of whom, or too famous, the official family also feels a little embarrassed, he actually as a person to be awarded the post of Xingning Zhi County in Guangdong, a good villain can also be regarded as entering the official field, the party in charge, becoming a formal civil servant.
In the year of fifty-five, I was sent by a county;
Seven Mile Drama Projectile, there are also sheji places;
Dreaming of the same as Liu Jun, now this is fortunate to be harmonious.
This is a poem written at the beginning of his term of office called "Fifty Serving Officials and Serving the White Duke", and he later encouraged Himself to be "humble and did not dare to forget the worries of the country", although he had reached the age of decline, he was still ambitious and ambitious, and he took the social life as his thought and served the country.
Guangdong in the Ming Dynasty was not yet developed compared to Jiangnan, where apricot blossoms and spring rains, and Xingning, where he went to work, was not only remote, sparsely populated, and poor, but also had many ethnic minority tribes such as Yao and She, which had not yet been naturalized, which belonged to typical underdeveloped areas.
Zhu Zhishan's heart knows this, and he resolutely abandons his comfortable life, bids farewell to the elegant leisure of the wind and snow, and his relatives and friends go to the wilderness, indicating that the strong Confucian feelings of joining the world in his bones are a kind of firmness that melts in the blood.
Xiao Sertan was furious, and the four journeys were not Yanzhou;
Pedestrians do not understand the language of the people, and the water meets the tribute water;
Leaf betel nut must learn to eat, lettuce soup salt soy to whom to ask;
Yingxian is full of praise, cherishing changyan day to pay homage.
The land of Liangguang, including Hainan, has been the main place for the imperial court to degrade officials since the Tang Dynasty, leaving the footprints of people such as Liu Zongyuan and Su Dongpo who moved south, and the above poem is written by him along the way to visit these sages, recounting his remembrance and imitation.
As a literati who aspired to serve the country, with the thought of sheji Cangsheng, although he was in the border land of "the earth will take the sea as the belt, and the heavens will borrow the mountains as the pass", he still broadcasts the study here with his unique strengths, he teaches etiquette, changes customs and customs, lectures and lectures, rewards the latecomers, and builds temples, making the literary style here flourish.
Out of the southwest five miles strong, Hanlin stayed in the reading hall;
The clouds are thin and the grass and trees are lonely and idle;
A few points far away from the village by wild water, an empty temple lock slanting sun;
The mountain spirit asked for the people of our country, what year will there be light?
This poem "Youshen Guangshan" was also composed when he was in office here, this mountain in Xingning "out of the suburbs of the southwest five miles strong", in the poet's pen, this place left the local sage reading hall, that is called a beauty, a few thin clouds, a few wild grasses, all under the light of the sunset, vivid.
Through the distant village, according to the wild water, although no one came to worship in the empty house, the poet firmly believed that the water-colored mountain light here had an aura, and would surely revitalize the study style and live up to the high expectations of the sages with the joint efforts of all of us.
Zhu Zhishan not only wrote a large number of poems here, but also personally compiled local history, which is now in the Suzhou Museum, and the manuscript of more than 10,000 words is also fully proof of his painstaking efforts.
Before he took office, bandits ran rampant, the people's hearts were terrified, and it seriously affected the development plan of local security and stability, he strengthened public order, organized armed forces, suppressed bandits and people, and made up his mind, and the "History of Ming" also gave full affirmation to this, recording: "Grant Guangdong Xingning Zhi County, arrest more than thirty thieves, and yi has no police." ”
Zhu Zhishan is a good official who loves the people and is close to the people, he has greatly developed water conservancy to benefit the people, and he has also reduced taxes as much as possible, and even received the punishment of "fines" from above, but he has no complaints or regrets about this and laughs at it.
Zhejiang shui and liangqi are not foreign lands, and the end of the world is the same official;
Wujiang lettuce is a dream, Yuling plum blossoms and look at it together;
Looking forward to the galaxy in autumn, drunkenly smelling the bell and the night is long;
Life is really difficult to determine, tomorrow clear the bottle and then dry.
Although this is a song and a song when gathering with friends, we can see from it that he has a broad mind, and in the face of hardship and officialdom, he gently adheres to the bottom line, allows the clouds to come and go, and walks on the road he identifies, not swayed by troubles and mundane things.
He stayed in Guangdong for 5 years, far away from Tianting, old and old, and there was a gap with his superiors, so there was no hope of promotion, so at 63 o'clock he applied for internal transfer, and Ren Jingzhao was sentenced by Tianfu.
The Ming Dynasty has always implemented the "dual capital system", after moving the capital to Beijing, there is still a backup imperial court in Nanjing, and the land under its jurisdiction is called "Nanzhili", which is used to provide pensions for those officials who have retired or lost power, no matter how big their name is, they have no real power, and their full responsibility is only to manage the taxes and payments of the surrounding lands.
Zhu Zhishan was the official of this southern direct subordinate, and the position of general judge was to assist the chief official in managing some chores, which was as boring as a chicken rib, so a year later, he resigned from the official and returned to his hometown to spend his old age until he died at the age of 66.
From the current point of view, Zhu Zhishan's figure has always appeared through the "four talents of Jiangnan", more precisely, it is through Tang Bohu and is known, I don't know if there are literary and artistic works with him as the protagonist, but I always feel that he is covered by Tang Bohu's glory, and the degree of recognition is very low.
Tang Bohu and Wen Zhengming are the same age, Xu Zhenqing is nearly ten years younger, and Zhu Zhishan is ten years older than Tang and Wen, and is the eldest brother in this gang, so the "History of Ming" has a saying, "Wu Zhong's generation from Zhishan is the world's point of view, and the literary talent is light, pouring out the generations, and the legends gain and attach beauty, often famous and unruly." ”
Since this is what Zhengshi said, and their folk images are all unconventional, wild and arrogant, a bunch of rebellious and cynical wanderers, but this is very exaggerated, at least Zhu Zhishan's performance after entering the army is still very different from folklore, and it has the heart to serve the country.
However, there is a difference between his words and deeds in his career and in the countryside, and he is certainly not a decent person, and the contrast is extremely great, and the history records that he "has good wine, six bos, good new voices, and those who ask for literature and books, and bribe prostitutes to cover them up; evil rituals and mages, do not ask about production, have some income, summon customers to drink heavily, exhaust themselves, or divide and hold, and do not leave a single money." ”
Unkempt barefoot survey busy, top not caged legs do not dress;
Drinking and talking about women every day, he climbed into bed and walked into the big locust township.
From this small poem, we can also see that he is absurd and impermanent, and seems to be a manifestation of many different faces of a person; but in his later years, he was also poor and abnormal, and even followed by a bunch of account-chasing people, but his words and deeds did not change to "let go", and the history books recorded that "late and poor, every time, the call of the caller follows behind, allowing Ming yi to be happy", like an old naughty boy who is innocent and wild.
This is not a gossip in the notes of the novel, but also contained in the main history, that is to say, Zhu Zhishan is also a good wine, lustful gambling, a bold personality, not based on production, so it is often trapped in the dilemma of no money, which is probably a kind of celebrity style.
Since they are called talents, the level of these poems and paintings is of course extremely high, but subdivided, several of them are relatively masters of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, and they are only flat, probably Wen Zhengming is the best of them, Zhu Zhishan's poetry is far superior to Tang Bohu's, then Tang Classmate's poems are almost "oil poetry", but because of their fame, they have also won a piece of praise in the poetry title.
Zhu Zhishan's cursive writing is not to say that compared with these people, even in the Ming Dynasty, he was also a top master, and his calligraphy and writing were also sought after by successive generations, and were praised as "the first in the national dynasty", in this regard, perhaps only Wen Zhengming's lishu could be compared with it, so Wang Shizhen, a literary scholar of the Ming Dynasty, once commented: "The calligraphy of the world belongs to Wu Wu, Zhu Jingzhao Yunming is the most, and Wen Zhengming and Wang Gongshi are second." ”
The wang pet mentioned in the text is also a famous calligrapher and the relatives of Tang Bohu's children, and he also praised Zhu Zhishan's calligraphy, saying that his calligraphy was "a dot painting mess, so that the spirit is transformed, Zhang Xu's majesty is obtained, and the fly of the hidden truth is moved." ”
Zhu Zhishan's calligraphy achievements came from his two elders, namely his grandfather Xu Youzhen and his father-in-law Li Yingzhen, who were both masters of the Ming Dynasty's calligraphy, and Wen Zhengming once commented on Zhu Zhishan's calligraphy art heritage:
"In the early years, the pen was exquisite and practical, and the grass law was unrestrained out of the beauty of the outer father, the second father, and the family itself. Li Gong tasted yu yan, wishing his son-in-law a strict and neat writing and less posture, and could not cover the ears of his later years. ”
From Wen Zhengming's narrative, it can be seen that he is on the basis of the superb calligraphy of the two predecessors, there is inheritance, integration, and more development, he copied a large number of ancient sages' calligraphy, integrated the various laws and methods and converged in one furnace, and eclectically "took it with intention", so that he could make new ideas, swing freely, walk alone, and become the most accomplished calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Zhishan's life's writings are quite rich, such as "Zhu Zi Sin Zhilu", "Reading Notes", "Huai xingtang collection", etc., recording a lot of current events and old news, enough to make up for the lack of history books, such as the famous Zhu Di Jie Fang Xiaoru Ten Clans, which is from his "Wild History" book, of course, later generations still have great doubts about its authenticity.
There is another thing that is a bit funny, he is regarded by later generations as the first person to push the younger brother Tang Bohu into the abyss, this matter is actually not to blame him, but it can also be considered that without him, Tang Bohu would certainly not be so sad.
As we all know, the real Tang Bohu is actually not as dashing as in today's TV series, it is a real "unlucky", and finally it is difficult to maintain his livelihood.
I tang Bohu in the hometown is very good, into the day of small wine poetry and painting, beautiful people accompanying, the joy is endless, he and Zhu Zhishan is an authentic fellow countryman, the two have a very thick friendship, as a brother who has not passed the examination for a long time in the examination, but he threw Xiao Tang classmates to participate in the scientific examination, and sure enough, Tang Classmate went to high school as soon as he took the examination, and Tang Xieyuan's reputation spread far and wide.
Later, Tang Bohu attacked jinshi, met the fan Xu Jing on the road, and the two entered Beijing together to take the exam, but they were caught in the fraud case of the science field, and the two were removed from their names as officials and were not allowed to enter the army, resulting in Tang Classmate's life of desolation and regret for life.
If there is any more connection, this Xu Jing, who was deposed together with Tang Bohu, decreed that future generations should not be admitted as an official, and in his descendants, there was really a person who did not enter the army as an official in his lifetime, in order to travel through the mountains and rivers to strengthen his ambitions, and to play travel into a scientific master, his name was Xu Xiake.