The Middle Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Shu, who was a high foot under Han Yu, was famous for his sentence "Return the emperor and pearl with tears, hate when they do not meet and are not married".
When Zhang Zhi was forty years old, he served as Taichang Taizhu in the palace, in charge of the god's main seat and burning incense to pray. Ten years in one go. In addition to writing poetry, Zhang Also liked to burn Du Fu's poems to ashes and swallow them with honey.
After ten years, Zhang Zhi finally forged a unique poetic style that Wang Anshi called "the most strange and seemingly ordinary". The seven masterpieces "Autumn Thoughts" that will be mentioned below are representative works of this style.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > First, Zhang's "Autumn Thoughts" appreciation</h1>
"Autumn Thoughts" – Tang Zhang
Seeing the autumn wind in Luoyang City, I want to write a book with great meaning.
The fear is hurried to say no end, and the pedestrians are about to open and unseal.
Poetry paraphrasing: The autumn wind has blown in Luoyang City, and I still can't go home this year. I want to write a letter to my family, and I have thousands of feelings in my heart, but for a while, where to say it. The messenger said he was about to leave, but I unwrapped the letter I had written.
Zhang Zhi's era was precisely the period when the mainstream style of Tang poetry transitioned from romanticism to realism, so this poem is a typical poem with endowment. The first sentence, "See the autumn wind in Luoyang City", is simply a vernacular and flat and straightforward. But chewing on it is interesting.
Chinese songs and poems begin with the Chu Ci, and the "autumn wind" has its own desolate imagery in ancient poems. When Zhang Han of the Jin Dynasty saw the autumn wind rise, he missed the lettuce soup and sea bass in his hometown, so he resigned and returned to his hometown. Therefore, when the poem says "see the autumn wind", it is homesick.
However, Zhang Zhi traveled thousands of miles to Chang'an to find a small official, and poverty made it impossible for him to be as dashing as Zhang Han and resign his official position and return to his hometown. He wanted to write to his family, but what could he write? As soon as I mentioned the pen, thousands of words surged up in my heart, there were endless words, and I couldn't express endless emotions.
I want to write everything, but I'm afraid I haven't said anything thoroughly. He hurriedly wrote the letter, worried that something was missing. At this time, the messenger urged outside the door again. He bit the pen and said in his heart: Don't urge, don't urge! You urge again, and I open the letter again. Let me see, what else can be said...
This messenger was afraid that he would die! But this can not blame him, who called that there was no WeChat and telephone at that time. This seven-word poem depicts the mood of the letter writer in detail, quite a bit of "heavy sword without a sharp edge, big coincidence does not work" meaning.
Wang Anshi praised him: "It seems that the most strange thing in the ordinary, it is easy but difficult." Because Zhang Yuan's skill was not obtained out of thin air, but spent more than ten years of hard work, at the cost of almost blindness.
Although this "Autumn Thoughts" is only twenty-eight words short, it narrates a complete story scene. And it also comes with its own dramatic conflict. The author was afraid that he would not be able to speak clearly in this compartment, and racked his brains to write two more words, and the messenger was ready to go in that compartment.
In ancient times, there was no postal system, and the delivery of letters relied on two legs to run back and forth. The distance is long, and it takes several months to make a trip. Leave early or come back early. As a result, the author has been grinding, you do not urge him, but I am afraid that he will write that the heavens and the earth are old, "one birth gives birth to seven and a half billion treasures" or something.
As a result, as soon as you urged, he not only did not hand over the letter, but instead opened the letter that had just been sealed! Do you think he's remembering something, to pick up a pen to add? Not really. He just felt that there was no end to the words and wanted to express them to his relatives.
This is a very dramatic scene, the feelings of the characters, the contradictions and conflicts, all ready. But it doesn't tell you very clearly who the author is writing the family letter to and what the content is. Just extracting a classic image from the prototype of life, naturally let people read it and have endless memories.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, a protégé who was "wildly touted" by Han Yu</h1>
Zhang Zhi started relatively late, and he first went to Chang'an to seek a career at the age of twenty-six in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792 AD). However, because there were no relatives and friends in Beijing, he finally returned home.
Fortunately, he met his later best friend Meng Jiao in Chang'an. Later, Meng Jiao tried three times and recommended him to Han Yu as a protégé. Saying that they are protégés, in fact, the two are about the same age. Therefore, Han Yu liked Zhang Shu very much, and he wrote poems and articles many times to express his love for Zhang Bi.
He said in "This Day Is enough to Give Zhang Zhi": I didn't know that you had this person, Meng Jiao said that your article was well written, and I thought about you day and night. Anyway, I am an official in the DPRK, and I can't go to you personally. Now that you're here, I'll send a car to pick you up at my house right after work.
In the fourteenth year of Zhenyuan (798 AD), Han Yu presided over the provincial examination in Bianzhou, and Zhang Zhi ran to his side to take the examination and wrote a poem called "Anti-Tongue Silence".
Then successfully passed the exam does not count, when the teacher Han Yu, actually wrote a poem to blow his own students, "Chi ci to my policy, chapter sentence He Weihuang." Later, when he participated in the examination, he met a very serious official, but Zhang Zhi still relied on his true ability to pass the examination in one fell swoop.
Later, Zhang Bi went to the local government to serve as a push official, passing through Xuzhou to see the teacher. Han Yu thought about this student day and night, and he said: I am looking forward to you every day, and you don't know how painful it is for me to think of you. Every time I talk to you, I forget to eat and don't feel sleepy. We talked for thirty days in a row, each day all night. Now that you're gone, I'm going to sit at home thinking about you again.
Soon after, Zhang's mother died, and he went home to guard the funeral. Han Yu heard that he was having a very bad time at home, so he immediately wrote a letter to Meng Jiao and said: Zhang Ji is worried at home, he is too poor to do, I am afraid that you don't know, you hurry to see him.
Later, after Zhang Zhiding's period of worry expired, he could finally go to Chang'an to become an official, but he was only appointed as a Nine Pin Official in the Tang Palace who was in charge of the main tablet of the gods. The salary was meager, but he could not resign because his family was too poor.
Zhang Zhi sat in this official position called Taichang Taizhu for ten years, and even Bai Juyi wrote poems to fight for him. But Han Yu was also quite unhappy at that time, and there was no way to help him. It is speculated that the poem "Autumn Thoughts" was probably written by him during this period.
He misses his relatives back home, but he has no way to return to his hometown. This great poet of ancient times, Qu Cai, became a royal "temple blessing". Do something about burning incense and turning ash every day. So when there was nothing to do, he turned the poems of the idol Du Fu into rune water and drank it.
Due to long-term malnutrition and hard reading of poetry, Zhang Zhi suffered from a serious eye disease and almost went blind. Han Yu wrote letters asking people to find work for him. It took three years for Zhang Yuan's eye disease to be cured.
Later, he returned to his post again, and was promoted all the way, from Taichang Taizhu to Guozijian Doctor, and finally to the main guest Langzhong (from Wupin). After ten years of silence, he had to be promoted at the age of fifty. When Zhang Zhi was promoted, Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Pei Du and others all went to congratulate him.
Zhang Ji has great talent, but the ups and downs of his life are indeed in constant contact with his mentor Han Yu. It's just that Han Yu has not regarded him as his own student, but as a close friend in life.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
In the past, when "Autumn Thoughts" was mentioned, the first thing that came to mind was Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjing Sha QiuSi", not Zhang Yuan's "Autumn Thoughts". Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjing Sha Qiusi" is one landscape painting after another, while Zhang Yuan's "Qiu Si" is a coherent action scene. Zhang Shu's "Autumn Thoughts" did not work by chance, on the surface, it seems to be less than the former imagery, but at the end of the sentence, it protrudes from the peak.
The messenger was about to leave, but the poet opened the envelope. Just because there are too many words in my heart, I haven't finished speaking. This move seems counterintuitive, but it seems very real and evocative.