"Hate not to meet when not married" is a famous sentence, I remember that in the early years there was a novel called this name, Teresa Teng's album also had this song, and later Cai Qin had a cover version. A married woman who encounters a new and beautiful feeling, both has a wave of emotion, and has to refuse because she belongs, which is a complicated feeling. "Hate when you don't meet and don't marry" is a clever refusal of women, and this poem is often used to express the feelings of men and women, but its earliest source is not written about the feelings of men and women.
(Statue of Zhang Zhi)
This poem is from the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Yuan's "Jie Nü Yin Ji Dong Ping Li Sikong Shi Dao", the original poem is as follows:
Junzhi concubines have husbands, and give concubines double pearls. The sense of the king is lingering, tied in a red robe. The concubines' high-rise buildings are even raised, and the good people hold the Mingguang Li. Zhijun's heart is like the sun and the moon, and the husband vows to live and die together. Jun Mingzhu's eyes were weeping, why not meet when they were not married.
To understand the poem, it is not enough to know that it is literal. There is some background to know:
(Map of the situation of the division of the feudal towns in the Middle and Tang Dynasties)
1. Background of the times: After the Middle Tang Dynasty, the Tang Empire was under the division of the fanzhen, and these clan towns were strong enough to compete with the Tang court, and Li Shidao in the subtitle was the more powerful side of the fanzhen power. At that time, Li Shidao sealed the history of Lu Zichuan Festival, and also titled the Inspection School Sikong and Tong zhongshu menxia Pingzhangshi, which was powerful and hot. On the one hand, they colluded with and pulled out literati and court officials, and at the same time competed for various talents from the people; on the other hand, they used assassinations (such as the aforementioned prime minister Wu Yuanheng, who was sent by Li Shidao to assassinate and behead them), divisiveness, intimidation, and other means to force them to submit to or weaken their political influence. When some undesirable literati and officials were not valued by the imperial court, they often chose to turn to the clan town to display their talents and realize their ambitions.
2. The background of the poet: Zhang Zhi was a protégé of Han Yu, who was a high official in the dynasty at that time, and he was a resolute advocate of unification against the division of the feudal towns, such as the well-known "Send Dong Shao to the South to Travel to Hebei", in addition to the famous sentence "Yan Zhao Ancient called many generous and tragic people", mainly to persuade Dong Shaonan, who has repeatedly failed to do so, not to defect to the fan town as an official, because the end of the article clearly says: "Tomorrow the son is on the top, you can come out and be a soldier." Zhang Zhi was introduced to Han Yu by Mengjiao, and then recommended by Han Yu to finally win the scientific expedition, so his political thinking is consistent with Han Yu. Therefore, when Zhang Zhi received Li Shidao's solicitation, he wrote this poem, thanking Li Shidao for his acquaintance and politely refusing this solicitation. He could not refuse strongly (a hard refusal was likely to invite the disaster of killing), so when he wrote that he was "returning the pearl of the king", he was still "weeping".
(Zhang Zhi and Han Yu against each other)
Zhang Zhi was a wise man, and he wrote a gentle rejection of Li Shidao into a poem about the love affairs of men and women. This kind of poetry Han Le Fu already has the same theme of the work, such as "Mo Shang Sang", but Zhang Zhi did not show such determination, he did not directly say like Luo Shi: "Make the jun have his own wife, Luo Shi has his own husband", when Li Shidao expressed the intention of soliciting "giving concubines double pearls", Zhang Zhi was first of all "feeling the king's lingering intentions"; of course, he did not say as hard as Hu Ji in "Yulin Lang": "The boy loves the queen, and the woman values the ex-husband." He even gently "tied the double pearl" to the red raspberry, and made a slight vague remark.
(Poetic intent of "Mo Shang Sang")
But in the end, it must be chosen, it must take sides, so the poet said: "The concubines are high-rise and the garden is up, and the good people are in charge of the bright light." "The tall buildings of our house are even connected to the royal garden, and my husband, the "Good Man", is also the guardian of the Mingguang Hall and belongs to the center. This is a clear indication that he is a loyal courtier of the Tang Dynasty. Then I felt that the rejection was too hard, so I expressed my inner contradiction again: "Zhijun's heart is like the sun and the moon", thank you for your deep friendship. But I'm going to "swear to live and die together." I plan to share the fate with the Tang Dynasty. He expressed his own ideological struggle and at the same time expressed his resolute will.
The last two sentences are still beaded and tearful, and the poet uses the most ingenious language of rejection, I actually have affection for you, but unfortunately I am already married, and since I am married, I must be loyal to marriage. Since he had chosen the imperial court, he could only refuse Li Shidao's kindness.
(Drama about "Festival Woman's Barn")
In the whole article, Zhang Zhi wants to express: Although you have some "good intentions", I am even very touched, but after all, I already belong to it, so I have to refuse.
This poem has been interpreted as Zhang Yuan's plea to the young woman, and the young woman refused, so Zhang Bi recorded it in the tone of a young woman, which really despised Zhang Yuan's personality and also divided history at the same time.
(Poetic intent)
The language of this poem is simply unexpected, very implicitly expressing the poet's political position. The whole poem is reasonable and sincere, the psychological description is meticulous, and the expression of emotion is euphemistic and tortuous and meticulous, in addition to the factor of gentleman's open mind expressed in the poem itself, its artistic subtlety is also an important reason for this poem to become a classic. According to legend, because this poem was written with sincere love words, Li Shidao was deeply moved after reading it, so he no longer forced zhang to read it.
Zhang Zhi is a poet, according to Feng Zhen's "Yunxian Scattered Records", Zhang Zhi was fascinated by Du Fu's poems, so he wrote Du Fu's famous poems on paper and burned them one by one, and after burning the paper ashes, Zhang Zhi was mixed with honey and ate three spoons a day in the morning. One day, Zhang Yuan's friend came to visit him, saw Zhang Bi mixing paper ashes, felt strange and asked him why he did this, Zhang Bi replied: "I like Du Fu's poems too much, eat Du Fu's poems, I can write the same good poems as Du Fu!" ”。 This record may be fabricated, but Zhang Zhi's surviving poems of justice, such as "Wild Old Song": "The old peasant family lived in the mountains poorly, cultivating three or four acres of mountain fields." The seedlings were not allowed to be eaten, and the imported official warehouses were turned into soil. For example, "Difficult to walk": "Xiangdong pedestrians sighed for a long time, and they did not return home after ten years." The evil horses are miserable, and the servants are hungry and cold. Obviously, these poems are very close to Du Fu's breath, and the person who can write such poems will definitely not be the next three indiscriminate and undisciplined people.
(Zhang Zhi eats poetry ash)
In addition, there are Zhang Shu's "Shanghan Changli Book" and "Shanghan Changli Second Book" written to Han Yu, these articles show that they are upright and upright, with the feelings of a dignified person and a righteous soldier in their homeland, and it is a bit far-fetched to say that such a poetic figure as Zhang Shu will be a scoundrel who flirts with a husband's wife on the street, and even directly concludes that Zhang Shu is a "rogue" poet. A political Ming Zhi poem uses the comparison of male and female love affairs, under a thousand years, but it has been misinterpreted by posterity as a person with low character, and Zhang Zhi is also wronged enough.
([Tang Poetry Idle Reading] No. 86, picture from the Internet)