<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" >, the origin of Wusheng</h1>
The term Wusheng is the opposite of Wensheng, there is Wen there is Wu, the concept of Wusheng was originally built to commemorate the outstanding talents in military field in ancient Chinese history, the earliest was built by Tang Xuanzong, and enshrined 11 people in the temple, that is, wumiao shizhe, the main priest is Jiang Ziya, a hero who assisted King Wu of Zhou in establishing the Zhou Dynasty, and was also the founding prince of the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period.
The ten philosophers of the Wu Temple are: Bai Qi of Wu'an Junbai of the Qin Dynasty, Han Xin the Marquis of Huaiyin of the Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang of the Shu Han Dynasty, Li Jing of the Right Servant of the Tang Dynasty Shangshu, Li Ji of the Tang Dynasty, Li Ji of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Liang, the Prince of the Han Dynasty, Sima Tian, the Grand Sima tian of the State of Qi, Sun Wu, the general of the State of Wu, Wu Qi of Xihe County, and Jun Leyi of the State of Yan, the first five of these ten are listed on the left side of the temple, and the last five are listed on the right side of the temple.
Jiang Ziya
Among the Ten Philosophers of the Wumiao Temple, 5 were people from the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, 2 were han dynasty people, 1 person was from the Three Kingdoms period, and 2 were from the Tang Dynasty, and the main priest Jiang Ziya was a person from the late Shang dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.
The purpose of Tang Xuanzong's construction of the Wu Temple was to form a sacrificial culture to show his image of respecting talents and to attract talents from all over the world for his own use, but the Wu Temple was not called the Wu Temple at that time, it was called the Taigong Shangfu Temple, and in the Tang Suzong period, Jiang Ziya was named the King of Wucheng, and the Taigong Shangfu Temple was renamed wucheng WangMiao, referred to as the Wumiao Temple, and the status of Jiang Ziya was raised to the same status as the main priest of the Temple of Literature, which means that the deepest achievement in literature is Confucius, and the deepest achievement in military affairs is Jiang Ziya.
At this time, although Jiang Ziya was the chief priest of the Wu Temple, he was not called Wu Sheng, but called him Wu Cheng Wang. In the Tang Dezong period, the Wumiao Temple increased the number of ancient and modern famous generals 64 people, all of whom were more famous military talents in history from the Western Zhou to the Tang Dynasty, or those who had achieved military achievements, among which there were Zhang Liao, Guan Yu, Zhou Yu, Lu Xun, Deng Ai, Zhang Fei, Lü Meng, Lu Kang, Yang Hu, Du Pre and others during the Three Kingdoms period.
Wucheng Wang Temple
At this time, the Wu Temple formed: a main sacrifice, a pair of sacrifices, ten zhe, seventy-two generals of the sacrifice structure, which is relative to the temple of literature of a holy king, a saint, ten zhe, seventy-two sons is corresponding, so the wu temple to increase 64 generals, in fact, is to correspond to the temple of literature, wen and wu to be both complete, the so-called saint king, ya sheng, ten zhe, seventy-two sons are the object of sacrifice, showing the status of sacrifice.
At this time, Jiang Ziya in the Wu Temple was called the Holy King, zhang Liang was yasheng, so from the Tang Dynasty onwards, Jiang Ziya was called Wusheng, because he was the holy king of the main priest in the Wumiao Temple, so it was referred to as Wusheng, which is also the origin of Wusheng, Jiang Ziya was also known as the first martial saint in Chinese history.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="67" > second, the origin of Guan Yu Wusheng</h1>
Guan Yu first entered the Wu Temple during the Tang Dezong period, when 64 famous generals were added, Guan Yu was one of them, when Guan Yu's status was average, and after the Song Dynasty, the imperial court still followed the sacrifice system of the Tang Dynasty Wu Temple, but the number of people sacrificed in the Wu Temple was increased or decreased.
Guan yu
In the early years of the Song Dynasty, 23 famous generals were added to enter the Wu Temple, compared with the Han Dynasty's irrigation of babies, Ban Chao, and the Tang Dynasty's Qin Shubao, all of which were added at this time, and at the same time 23 famous generals were removed, including: Bai Qi, Wu Qi, Sun Zhi, Lian Po, Han Xin, Peng Yue, Zhou Yafu, Deng Ai, Zhang Fei, Li Guangbi and others.
In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the list of famous generals in the Wumiao Temple changed again, removing the original Ten Zhe and changing it to seventy-two generals, at this time the main priest was still Jiang Ziya, and then the ten people sacrificed in the temple were: Guan Zhong, Sun Wu, Le Yi, Zhuge Liang, Li Xun, Tian Hoang Tho, Fan Li, Han Xin, Li Jing, and Guo Ziyi. There were slight changes with the Ten Philosophers of the Tang Dynasty.
Then the personnel of the seventy-two generals also increased, such as Bai Qi, Wu Qi, Sun Zhen, Lian Po and others who were removed during the Zhao Kuangyin period, and at the same time, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Deng Ai in the Three Kingdoms period were rejoined among the famous generals, so Guan Yu entered the Wu Temple in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Guandi Temple
The seventy-two members of the Song Dynasty will be divided into three grades, of which Zhang Liang is the first gear, Guan Zhong, Sun Wu, Le Yi, Zhuge Liang, Li Xun, Tian Yong Tho, Fan Li, Han Xin, Li Jing, and Guo Ziyi are the second gear, and all others are classified in the third gear, including Guan Yu.
Emperor Huizong of Song attached great importance to Guan Yu and not only rejoined him to the Wu Temple, but also added Guan Yu four times in the 21 years from 1102 to 1123, and named Guan Yu as: Zhonghui Gong, Chongning Zhenjun, Wu'an Wang, and Yiyong Wu'an Wang. When Guan Yu died, his title was only marquis of Hanshouting, and in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was suddenly named the Prince of Wu'an, paying special attention to two words: righteous courage. This shows that When Emperor Huizong of Song added Guan Yu to guan Yu, he considered Guan Yu's righteousness and courage, righteousness is righteousness and benevolence, and courage is courage and bravery.
After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty was established, basically inheriting the arrangement of the Wumiao Temple at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and sealing Guan Yu twice, sealing Guan Yu as the King of Zhuangmiao Yiyong Wu'an during the Song Gaoju Period, and Guan Yu as the King of Zhuangmiao Yiyong Wu'an Yingji during the Song Xiaozong Period, Guan Yu has become a king since the Beginning of the Song Dynasty, the most used is the King of Wu'an, and then added various titles, but Guan Yu is still only one of the third of the seventy-two generals of the Wumiao Temple. During the Song Zhenzong period, the Guansheng Temple, which was mainly dedicated to Guan Yu, began to appear.
Wu Temple
After the fall of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty also inherited the sacrifices of the Song Dynasty Wu Temple, and twice sealed Guan Yu, and repeatedly reduced the famous generals in the Wu Temple, but the main sacrifice of the Wu Temple was still Jiang Ziya, and after the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang put Jiang Ziya into the Imperial Temple of the Ming Dynasty and abolished the Wu Temple, so the Wu Temple in the early Ming Dynasty did not exist, and the famous generals enshrined in it were no longer sacrificed.
During the Ming Dynasty Wanli Period, the Wu Temple was rebuilt, and the Ming Emperor Wanli not only crowned Guan Yu as "Three Realms Voldemort Emperor Shen Wei Yuan Zhen Tianzun Guan Sheng Emperor Jun", but also designated Guan Yu as the main priest of the Wu Temple, accompanied by Zhou Cang and Guan Ping, because Guan Yu's title was "Guan Sheng Emperor Jun", and it was also the main sacrifice of the Ming Dynasty Wu Temple, so Guan Yu replaced Jiang Ziya as the new Martial Saint in the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, Guan Yu became a martial saint at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and then the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Ming Sizong Chongzhen, crowned Guan Yu as "Zhenyuan Xianying Zhaoming Wing Han Tianzun", and from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Guan Yu's status as the main god of the Wu Temple and the status of Confucius as the main god of the Temple of Literature began to worship together, and the sacrifice of Guan Yu in the last years of the Ming Dynasty reached a peak, and there were nearly a hundred imperial temples in and around Beijing at that time.
After entering the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's sacrifice once again reached its peak, in the eighth year of Yongzheng, in 1730 AD, the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty officially posthumously named Guan Yu as a martial saint, and established a sacrifice system of the Wu Temple with Guan Yu as the main ancestor, that is, the Guandi Temple, and juxtaposed with Confucius's Temple of Literature, collectively known as the Wenwu Temple, in the entire Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's status was quite high, and replaced Jiang Ziya as the new Martial Saint.
Guan Yu was constantly crowned by successive dynasties
In the 296-year history of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was sealed ten times, and the last time Guan Yu was sealed was in 1875, when the Guangxu Emperor sealed Guan Yu as "Loyalty and Righteousness God Wu Ling You Ren Yong Wei Xian Protector of the Country and Protecting the People Sincere appeasement Yi Praise Xuande Guansheng Emperor", the name is getting longer and longer, more and more nicknames, are to cooperate with the Wu Temple sacrifice and sealed, so so far Guan Yu is also the main priest of the Wu Temple, but also the martial saint.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" >3. Is Yue Fei a martial saint? </h1>
Yue Fei was a man of the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty and the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, mainly living in the Southern Song Dynasty, was a famous anti-Jin general of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei was both literate and martial, not only had outstanding personal strength, but also trained troops and led troops to fight in battles, at least in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, no one could compare with him, because of discord with the political views of the imperial court, he was framed to death by Qin Ju on trumped-up charges.
Yue Fei was killed because he was convicted of treason under the auspices of Emperor Gaozong of Song, but many people knew that he was wronged, and it was not until 20 years after his murder that Yue Fei was rehabilitated by Emperor Xiaozong of Song, and gave Yue Fei the title of "Wu Mu and Zhongwu" and the title of King of E, but Yue Fei did not enter the Wu Temple of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei
In the Southern Song Dynasty, during the Song Dynasty, the land temple in the Southern Song Dynasty capital Lin'an Fu Taixue was renamed "Zhongxian Temple" to commemorate Yue Fei, and Yue Fei was named the temple god "King Zhongwen", which was a sacrifice to Yue Fei, but it was not a sacrifice in the Wu Temple, and it had nothing to do with the Wu Temple.
After the fall of the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty reorganized the Wu Temple, only retained the Ten Zhe, and all the others were deleted, so there was no Yue Fei in the Wu Temple of the Yuan Dynasty, but during the Yuan Shun Emperor period, the word "Baoyi" was added to the song Dynasty title. In the Ming Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the Wu Temple, the Wu Temple no longer existed, and Yue Fei was enshrined in the Imperial Temple of the Past Dynasties, with the Song Taizu Enjoyment, and the title was still Zhongwu.
In the ming shenzong Wanli emperor period, Yue Fei was named "Three Realms Jing Devil Emperor", and Guan Yu at that time was also named "Three Realms Voldemort Emperor", at this time Yue Fei's title was similar to Guan Yu, but Guan Yu entered the Wu Temple to become the main sacrifice, but Yue Fei did not enter the Wu Temple, but there were many Yue Fei Temples in the folk, also called "Song Yue Zhongwu King Temple" or "Zhongwu Temple", the most famous one was in Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan, it is said to have been built in the first year of the Ming Dynasty, that is, in 1450, This was more than a hundred years before the Ming Shen Sect sealed Yue Fei.
Yue Fei Temple
Therefore, during the Ming Dynasty, Yue Fei did not enter the Wu Temple, more is a folk sacrifice, to the Qing Dynasty, the main sacrifice of the Wu Temple is still Guan Yu, there is no Yue Fei, but there are some temples that juxtaposed Yue Fei and Guan Yu, called Guanyue Temple, but the number is small, and it is not the mainstream sacrifice.
During the period of Yuan Shikai, the folk rebuilt the Wu Temple, put Guan Yu and Yue Fei into the Wu Temple together, and at this time, Yue Fei really entered the Wu Temple, and it was the only time to enter the Wu Temple, the Wu Temple at this time was called the Guanyue Temple, but soon Yuan Shikai fell, this matter was gone, and because Yuan Shikai was not recognized, so Yue Fei's martial temple was very embarrassing, and it was not recognized, to be precise, Yue Fei never entered the Wu Temple, and the main sacrifice of the Wu Temple in Chinese history was only two people, that is, Jiang Ziya and Guan Yu.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="71" >4, Yue Fei and Guan Yu Who is more qualified to be a martial saint? </h1>
First of all, you have to understand what are the standards of martial saints? The first martial saint is Jiang Ziya, Jiang Ziya is also known as the originator of the Bing family, in fact, the earliest ancestor of the Bing family is not Jiang Ziya but Xuan You, the image of Xuan You is not very good in Confucianism, Since the Han Dynasty Confucianism has become the mainstream of thought, so when Tang Xuanzong set up the Wu Temple, Jiang Ziya was elected as the main sacrifice, that is, the Martial Saint.
Guan Yu Wusheng Temple
Jiang Ziya was a hero who assisted King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou in creating Western Zhou, and had great achievements in military, political, and state governance, so there were two main reasons for choosing Jiang Ziya as a martial saint:
First, Jiang Ziya had military talent and thought, which was unmatched by no one at that time.
Second, Jiang Ziya assisted the two generations of monarchs of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou to achieve the great cause of the Zhou Dynasty, and his loyalty was commendable.
Speaking of Guan Yu, Guan Yu was named a martial saint mainly by three people, namely: Emperor Huizong of Song, Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's original position in the Martial Temple was not prominent, not even the Ten Zhe, but he could be promoted by the emperor from many famous generals to become a martial saint, naturally there is his reason, the main reason is:
Guan Yu's loyalty and courage are very consistent with the Confucian five constants (benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and faith), Guan Yu's benevolence, he treats the soldier very well; Guan Yu's righteousness, he distinguishes between good and evil; Guan Yu's etiquette, he shares the same hand as Liu Bei and Zhang Fei; Guan Yu's wisdom, he can distinguish between right and wrong; Guan Yu's letter, he was loyal to Liu Bei all his life.
The Guandi Temple is all over the place
For the monarch, Guan Yu is an example to set, for the chancellor, Guan Yu respects the object, for the people, Guan Yu is an idol of worship, Guan Yu meets the needs of all classes of feudal society, even in Taoism, Buddhism also joined the worship of Guan Yu, in the folk Guan Yu is evolved into the god of martial wealth, as well as the ancestors of various industries, becoming a cultural worship.
Guan Yu's military talent was one of the best figures of that era, creating a record of slashing the enemy's main general Yan Liang in the great war, and at the same time there was a record of Wei Zhen Huaxia, in comparison, Yue Fei's comprehensive talent was more than Guan Yu, not only Yue Fei surpassed Guan Yu, there were many famous generals in the Martial Temple whose talent exceeded Guan Yu, but the criteria for selecting Martial Saints were not military talents, nor comprehensive talents, referring to Jiang Ziya and Guan Yu, the selection criteria of Wusheng are mainly two aspects, on the one hand, talent, Whether the other side is in line with Confucian values.
Although Yue Fei's comprehensive talent surpassed Guan Yu's, Yue Fei had two disadvantages, which made it difficult for him to become a martial saint:
Yue Feijing served the country loyally
First, Yue Fei appeared too late, it was already the Southern Song Dynasty. Like Jiang Ziya and Guan Yu, who appeared early, were deified later, Jiang Ziya was deified when he arrived in the Ming Dynasty, and Guan Yu was deified since the Song Dynasty, and Yue Fei appeared too late and had no advantage in time.
Second, Yue Fei was convicted and killed by the imperial court. Although Hou Wei was rehabilitated, there was a process that prevented him from entering the Wu Temple during the Southern Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty streamlined the Wu Temple, with only 11 people, and abolished the Wu Temple by the Time of the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, from the perspective of various reasons, Guan Yu is still more qualified to be a martial saint.