Guan Yu - the hero with the most mysteries: Guan Gong's face, there are many oil paints; Guan Yu's body, there are many mysteries.
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, there is no record of Guan Yu's elders and wives, in fact, his father, grandfather and his three sons are all named in the "Guan Family Tree"; In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu's death is written very superstitiously and fatally, in fact, his death is related to Liu Bei's strategic mistakes. There is also the issue of the burial place at the head of the public, which is the content of this interpretation.
Guan Yu's life has not been clearly stated in the history books. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Guan Yu says: "Guan Yu, the character Yunchang, the original character Changsheng, Hedong Xie ("Xie" hai) people also." "Just one sentence, stingy with a pen.
This "Xie", referring to "Xiezhou", ancient name Xieliang, is located 15 kilometers southwest of Yuncheng District, Shanxi Province, is now a town, the town has "Xiezhou Guandi Temple", the area is 5 times that of Luoyang Guanlin, is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", there is no record of Guan Yu's elders and wives, until the Kangxi period in the early Qing Dynasty, when Zhu Dan, the magistrate of Xiezhou, led the people to repair the ancient well, excavated the Guan family tomb bricks, engraved with the table characters about YuZu and his father, the date of birth and death, etc., and the information was more detailed.
This local official was very attentive, and wrote the "Record of the Tombstone of Guan Houzu" accordingly. According to the written records on the tomb tiles, the Guan family is actually a literati family. Guan Yu's grandfather, Guan Zhen (關審), was born in the second year of the Han Dynasty (90 AD) and lived in Changping Village, Xiezhou. This person is literate and hyphenated, and often uses "Spring and Autumn" to train his son. Guan Yu's father's name was Guan Yi, and the characters were far away. "Sexual filial piety, after the father's trial and death, he was buried at the tomb for three years, and Guan Yu was born on June 24, the third year of Emperor Huan's reign. After Yu grew up, he married Hu and gave birth to a son, Guan Ping." But how many sons Guan Yu has, it is still unclear.
In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu's sons Guan Ping and Guan Xing are mentioned, but the third son Guan Suo is not mentioned. Therefore, historians believe that history has nothing to do with so-chi. Then there is Guan Ping in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, who is written as Guan Yu's righteous son, saying that Guan Ping was originally Guan Ding's son, because Guan Ding admired Guan Yu's personality, he gave Guan Ping to Guan Yu as a righteous son.
According to this statement, Guan Yu only has one son, Guan Xing—is this true?
There is a lot of controversy among experts and scholars, and there has been no conclusion. A few years ago, Guan Yu's 59th grandson Guan Zhijie, who lived in Xuchang, set up a "Guan Gong Net" on the Internet, saying: Among the Guan clan people in xiangcheng County today, there is a "Guan Family Tree" from the eighth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1869 AD), which is uploaded to "Marquis Yusheng of Hanshouting".
Hong Kong's Ta Kung Pao also published a message saying that "Liu Jiacun, an official of The Town of Zhaolin in Dengzhou City, Henan Province, has found a "Guan Family Tree", which details the history of the migration of descendants of Guan Yu, a general of the Shu state, from Shanxi to Dengzhou during the Three Kingdoms period."
According to reports, the family tree was revised in the fifty-second year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1787 AD) and has reached the sixtieth century. The genealogy clearly states: "Marquis Yu of Hanshouting had three sons. That is to say, Guan Ping, Guan Xing, and Guan Suo are all Guan Yu's sons.
Of course, this latest discovery has not yet been verified by experts, but at this point, we can roughly know Guan Yu's family lineage and his lineage.
Guan Gong's death is a mystery.
Imagine guan gong such a big hero: cut the face of liang, Xue Wen ugly, wen wine and huaxiong, has the courage of ten thousand improper; After five levels and six generals, thousands of miles to ride alone, zhuo has the merit of flooding the seven armies. How did he lose at the hands of Ma Zhong, a nameless young man of Eastern Wu? Ma Zhong, the young general, he was Pan Zhang's general, and there were leaders at all levels such as Lü Meng and Zhang Zhao, how could he set up an ambush and capture Guan Yu in the Battle of Maicheng?
Now there is a saying that Guan Yu did not die at the hands of Ma Zhong, nor did he die in Lü Meng's plot, but at the hands of his own people, in the case of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang not sending reinforcements.
We know that during the Three Kingdoms period, although the Shu State was founded by Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, etc. were the support points for this regime. The establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty was marked by Liu Bei's defeat of Cao Cao in Hanzhong and the capture of Hanzhong. After this great victory, Liu Bei's strength could compete with Cao Cao's, with 5 counties of Jingzhou, East and West Liangchuan, Hanzhong, Shangyong and Yungui, and his subordinates were also related to Zhang Zhao Ma Huang Five Tiger Generals, with strong soldiers and strong horses, and abundant talents.
However, Liu Bei made a suspicious strategy at this time: to mobilize Guan Yu's army defending Jingzhou to attack Cao Cao in the north, but not to send other Shu troops to assist Guan Yu to the north. As a result, the 58-year-old general Guan went deep alone and fought fiercely with Yu Ban, Cao Ren, Xu Huang and other units in cao's army, and for nearly 3 months, although he defeated Yu Ban and flooded the Seventh Army and beheaded Pound, he was still blocked by Cao Ren under the city of Xiangyang, the grain and grass were burned, and the soldiers were tired and unable to break the city.
The most unfortunate thing was that the Eastern Wu general Lü Meng took the opportunity to send troops to attack Jingzhou, the base area that Guan Yu had been running for many years. Subsequently, Guanbu was surrounded and annihilated by the cao and Wu armies, and the entire army was destroyed, and Guan Yu's father and son were killed. Woohoo! From Guan Yu's northern expedition to his death in battle, it took more than 4 months, he fought hard and died, but he never received support from friendly troops, Liu Feng and Meng Da in the Shangyong area did not come to support, and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and other troops did not see movement. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang did not send a single "central telegram" during this period, nor did they treat or comfort the frontline soldiers once. When we read the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", from the seventy-third time "Xuande entered the throne of Hanzhong, Yunchang attacked and pulled Xiangyang County" to the seventy-seventh time "Yuquan Mountain Guan Gong Xiansheng, Luoyang City Cao Cao Felt God", in such a long space, we only saw the Guan Gong Corps fighting hard there, and there was no trace of the entire Shu Han "national army". Liu Bei and Kong Ming, despite Guan Yu's advanced age, actually let him go deep alone and die alive!
How can a battle be fought like this! Whose strategic deployment is this? However, the author of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" blindly "honored Liu (Bei) and degraded Cao (Fuck)", did not mention Liu Bei's faults at all, but spent all his ink and ink to write about the boring things of several apparitions after Guan Gong's death - people are dead! No matter how to manifest, dream, blink your eyes, what is the use?
So, what was Liu Bei and Kong Ming's intention in arranging for Guan Yu to attack Fancheng and later allowing Guan Yu to make up his own mind and rush left and right? Why let Guan Yu take a big risk? We read "Three Kingdoms", so we really can't understand! Now it can only be understood in this way: Guan Yu does not listen to Kong Ming's words very much on weekdays, and Kong Ming wants to teach Guan Yu a lesson, so he sits on the mountain and watches the tiger fight, and lets him toss and turn, which ends up ruining Guan Gong's life.
Was Guan Gong a victim of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang? This is a mystery.
The mystery of the first burial place of Guan Gong
In June 1996, Yanshi scholars Kang Xianzhou, Gao Xianzhong and Wang Ximing co-authored the book "Exploring the Origin of Luoyang Place Names". The book devotes a special chapter: "The Land of the First Rank of The Burial of Guan Yu - Guanzhuang Village", which begins: "Guanzhuang, on the south bank of the Luo River in the northeast of The Tenant Village, is on the verge of national highway 207, and is named after the village built next to the tomb of Emperor Guan. ”
However, there is no family in Guanzhuang Village with the surname Guan, but the local people say: There was originally a large tomb here, called GuanDi Tomb, and there was a larger Guandi Temple. In front of the tomb, there is a stone stele erected by Ming Jiajing, six feet high and six inches thick, with the inscription: "The tomb of Emperor Guan, the Great General of the Great General of the Great Protectorate of the Heavenly Protector of Hanshouting." ”
The tenants believe that Guanzhuang Village is the real burial place of the head of the Guan Gong. The reason is that after Guan Yu was killed by Eastern Wu, Eastern Wu feared that Liu Beixing's soldiers would take revenge, so he offered Guan Yu's first rank to Cao Cao. Cao Cao saw through The Trick of Eastern Wu and buried the head with a sandalwood body and buried it outside the south gate of Luoyang City.
The tenants emphasized that Luoyang, the capital of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, was not the current Luoyang City, but at the junction of Luoyang and Yanshi City, that is, the ancient city of Han Wei, which was designated as a first-class protection unit by the state. Guanzhuang Village is located in the southeast of the ancient city of Han and Wei, which is exactly what the history books say "outside the south gate of Luoyang City", which is consistent with historical facts.
After inquiring, I learned that the current Guanzhuang Village, whose real name was Pan Ou Village, was later moved to Guandi Tsuka West. There is no family named Guan in the village, but it was renamed Guanzhuang because of the tomb of Emperor Guan. The Guandi Tomb here is composed of two parts: a tomb and an earth and stone village. TushiZhai is the Guan Yu cemetery, 30 acres in size, conical, 15 meters high, sand and soil piled up, surrounded by walled walls.
The tomb is 100 meters south of the stone village, 20 acres in size, steamed bun shape, is a companion mound (doubtful tomb), used to confuse tomb robbers. The original tombstone here, in the autumn of 1955, the flood was heavy, and a large amount of stone was urgently needed for flood control, and the farmers did not understand the value of this monument, so they threw the stone monument into the Luo River to block the water.
In the rainy season of 1979, the Guandi Tomb collapsed, and the Luoyang archaeological team organized excavations. The stone door of the tomb was found to be half open, and there was a complete human skeleton next to the door. Archaeologists said: After the treasure was stolen, the people on the top buried their accomplices alive in order to swallow it alone. Although this tomb has been excavated, many cultural relics have been excavated: a large number of double baht coins, pottery pigs and sheep, etc., are all Cultural relics of the Han Dynasty. The most surprising thing is that archaeologists found a human skull in the burial chamber! Guan Zhuang shouted: This is not Guan Yu's head?
So someone used "dianzhuang" as a pen name to publish an article in the online "Great River Forum" calling on people to pay attention to the GuanDi Tomb here. The author said in the article that he had seen this tomb, the scale is very large, the tomb door faces west, and the tomb passage is 30 meters long. Two stone doors, each weighing a thousand pounds. He said that the front of the tomb door was engraved with a huge tiger head plate, indicating that Guan Yu was the head of the Five Tiger Generals; On the back, there are carved figures of birds and beasts, with beautiful shapes, and after washing with water, the images are vivid.
In the Ming Dynasty, Guan Yu was greatly sealed, the GuanDi Temple was overhauled, and Guan Yu was revered as a god. According to the old man of Guanzhuang, the eunuch Hao was very favored at that time, and the Jiajing Emperor asked him to return to his hometown to repair the Guandi Temple. However, he was selfish and feared that if the temple was built in Guanzhuang Village, the believers would become a major burden in the village when they entered the incense to worship. Therefore, under the guise of public welfare and private interest, he transferred flowers and trees, and repaired the tomb of General Bao, who is now 20 miles south of Luoyang City, into "Guan Lin". The historical wrong case was thus caused by The Eunuch Hao! The Guanzhuang people were very dissatisfied, and from generation to generation, they all cursed Hao eunuchs.
Some old people in the village said: Now Yanshi City, near Luoyang Dongguan there is a liquor village, when Guan Yu's first level passed through this place, due to the hot weather, afraid of odor, they used wine to fog a little, the village got its name.
The Guanlin Management Office said: Studying history, the most empirical evidence, in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", there is no record of the burial place of the first level of Guan Gong, and the fact that people say that Cao Cao buried the first rank of Guan Gong "with the courtesy of a prince and buried outside the south gate of Luoyang" was originally a sentence on the seventy-seventh time of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" - this is already very clear: "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Author Luo Guanzhong was a person from the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, and the Luoyang City he saw at that time was definitely not Luoyang City (the ancient city of Han Wei) in cao Wei, but Luoyang City in the Ming Dynasty, and Luoyang City in the Ming Dynasty. Isn't it the area around the old city of Luoyang now? Then, Cao Cao's head of Guan Gong, "buried outside the south gate of Luoyang with the courtesy of a prince", is not this the position of Guan Lin today?
Guanlin Management Office said: Chinese traditional culture pays attention to orthodoxy, the royal recognition is orthodox, and folklore and wild history, unconfirmed, is not enough to rely on - Luoyang Guanlin since the Ming Dynasty, has long been known to the world, this is the burial place of the first level of Guan Gong! That's why it can be paired with the word "Guan Lin". Successive emperors and officials who came to Luoyang to worship Guan Gong were all active in Guanlin and had never seen sacrifices elsewhere.