Written by Zhao Qiyun
Inscription: When the Ming Dynasty was finally destroyed like an old tree under the attack of the inside and outside, it was replaced by the iron horses of the Manchu Qing Dynasty who trampled through this scarred remnant of the mountains. In particular, in the early Kangxi Period, although the entire Qing Dynasty calmed down any fierce resistance, the hatred and dreams of the "Three Massacres of Jiading" still left a huge shadow in the hearts of the world's readers. Therefore, there are also many readers who have the opportunity to escape from interacting with the Qing Dynasty for life, Kangxi soberly realized that it is difficult to use killing for these people to be effective, only the "cursed heart" can completely subdue them, and the Fang Bao described in this article is a typical representative of such a character, not only created the "Tongcheng School", but also from escaping to cooperating with Kangxi, and finally maintained the highest level of cultural forms created, becoming the founder of the "Tongcheng School" that dominated the Literary Circle of the Qing Dynasty for three hundred years.
Bract images
Eunuch reading the fang bud of the inheritance
The Tongcheng Fang clan is a prestigious family, in addition to the huge branch, the family is particularly deep. From the Ming Dynasty onwards, many officials appeared in this family and were deeply involved in the political life of the late Ming Dynasty. Fang Bao belongs to the six rooms of the Fang clan in Guilin. Zu Shang was a forty-year-old scholar of the Wanli Dynasty, and was in charge of the Shaoqing of the Taibu Temple. This branch pays special attention to scholarship and is known as the "submerged elegance" of learning. In the seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Fang Bao was born in Liuhe, Nanjing, and from an early age, he studied traditional culture under the influence of his father and brother, and had a more in-depth study of Confucian scholarship. In the twenty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Fang Bao studied with Gao, and soon thereafter did not go to Beijing to study with his teacher. This was another major shift in Fang Bao's living place after moving from Liuhe to Shangyuan, and Fang Bao was thus full of scholars, thus opening up his larger academic pattern.
Square bud calligraphy
During the study tour, Li Guangdi, who was deeply appreciated by Kangxi, saw Fang Bao's article and repeatedly sighed: "Han and Ou have come back, and there is no such work after the Northern Song Dynasty." "Even some of the more mainstream scholars at that time were so ashamed that they wanted to burn their own writings after reading Fang Bao's articles." Luling did not have this behind him, Nanfeng did not have this majestic, was he not the only one after Changli? It is believed that Fang Bao has fully become the biggest achiever in the field of literature after Han Yu. It was this extensive intersection of the Beijing division that made Fang Bao's fame grow, and at this time, the appearance of a person changed the direction of Fang Bao's life, and this person was Li Guangdi's aide, Wan Sitong. At this time, Vance Tong was already 53 years old, and under the identity of Li Guangdi's staff, he became the boss of the Jingshi literati. Perhaps out of disdain for his defection to the imperial literati, the 24-year-old Fang Bao did not take the initiative to meet this literary leader like other readers, but Vance and himself came to Fang Bao and said to him in a rather deep elderly tone: "You are indeed very successful in ancient Literature, I hope you will not be too conceited and sinking." He also expounded the great principles of the article and the way of doing things and things, hoping that in addition to writing articles, he would study the more important "Classics". Fang Bao thus deeply realized that the article needed to be rooted in the study of scriptures, otherwise it would be difficult to make a major breakthrough, so he embarked on the academic road of "dropping out of the study of ancient texts and seeking the meaning of the scriptures from here on".
Before Becoming the Originator of a Generation of Literary Circles, Fang Bao actually experienced the tempering of fate. And this near-fatal event is also caused by words.
Portrait of Kangxi
In the forty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1702), Fang Bao was provoked by the preface to Dai Mingshi's "Nanshan Collection", which turned out to be that the book was believed to contain a large amount of "anti-Qing and restoration" information that "inverted right and wrong, and the language was more wild and contradictory", and Fang Bao, who gave him the preface, was naturally doomed, so he was arrested and imprisoned, and finally decided to ask for beheading after the autumn. After Kangxi saw Fang Bao on the approved death list, he vigorously dismissed the public opinion to grant him a pardon, believing that "wearing Fang Bao in the case of the mingshi is not unheard of in the world." "It's a shame to kill. Not only that, Kangxi left Fang Bao as his personal secretary, "three levels in a row", and let him walk in the South Study. Kangxi saw that he was getting older and had to trot around his waist when walking, so he told him to "walk upright" and "walk with a cane". It was after Kangxi's "curse" of his series of "signature actions" that Fang Bao was moved to tears, believing that this was the real imperial demeanor, and thus gradually abandoning the previous hostility to the Qing Dynasty and began to serve the Qing Dynasty with a dead heart. Since then, Kangxi has repeatedly asked him to write important writing work, and his style of writing and work efficiency have made Kangxi very satisfied. In the last year of Kangxi's life, he was promoted to the position of president of wuying temple
Fang Bao's writings
After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he issued a special will to let him return to his hometown. A few years later, he was reappointed as a minister of the time, and was promoted to the rank of cabinet bachelor and ceremonial attendant. Until the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, Chong Wenyingguan vice president became the biggest authoritative figure in the Qing court's editing.
After Qianlong succeeded to the throne, Fang Bao also attached great importance to and courtesy, and once wanted to give him more important positions to train. But at this time, Fang Bao was opposed. The reason is that Fang Bao was writing Yongzheng's "Funeral Rites" and believed that there was a word of "great disrespect", "the hearers were horrified, and they all agreed". Qianlong had no choice but to shelve the matter and continue to ask Fang Bao to engage in book compilation work. In Qianlong's view, Fang Bao was too wooden, and even only good at "writing kung fu", and most of Fang Bao's views and advice on government affairs did not agree with Fang Bao's several times. Regarding the evaluation of Fang Bao's ability to do government affairs, Qianlong said in his "Records of Reality": "At the beginning of the reign of the heir apparent, he read his slight literary name, overtook the order of the attendant to go straight to the south study, and was promoted to the post of attendant of the Ceremonial Department. If I have the heart of a man, I will change my former wrongs... Nai Yi is in the Class of the Nine Secretaries, pretending to be public and private, the party is the same as the others, and its quiet habits do not change until the old age, and everyone knows it. ”
Tongcheng Pie
Fang Bao, who had experienced the test of life and death, finally realized that Qianlong's temperament was uncertain, and also realized that his life was only limited to "literal affairs", after which he began to cultivate disciples in addition to compiling books, so as to find a mantle to pass on, and his "Tongcheng Sect" was already all over the world.
In August of the 40th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Fang Bao died of illness, and although this literati who served the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty eventually engaged in writing for a lifetime, he failed to realize his ideals, and he did not know that behind him, the "Tongcheng School" article had galloped the world several times, and thus surpassed his life status over many high-ranking officials and nobles.