Ancient Chinese Literature - Fang Bao's Miscellaneous Notes in Prison

Fang Bao, the founder of the "Tongcheng School" prose in the Qing Dynasty, advocated that the writing of ancient texts should emphasize the "righteous law".

Fang Bao, zi feng jiu, number Linggao. Evening number, Lookout Creek. The style of writing is concise and elegant, creating a new look of ancient Chinese in the Qing Dynasty, and the collection of works is "Wangxi Anthology". Kangxi Forty-five years (1706) Jinshi. Li Kang Yongqian Three Dynasties, in his early years, was imprisoned for being implicated in the Dai Mingshi "Nanshan Collection" case. During the Qianlong period, he was a senior official in the Hanlin Academy, a cabinet scholar and a ceremonial attendant. The founder of the "Tongcheng School" prose in the Qing Dynasty, advocated that the writing of ancient texts should emphasize the "law of righteousness". "Righteousness" means to have something to say and to expound feudal ethical concepts; while "law" means to speak in an orderly manner and to pay attention to words and rules.

Fang Bao's "Miscellaneous Notes in Prison" "Before it to be clear". Here "牖" means to open the window.

The language of Fang Bao's "Miscellaneous Notes in Prison" is simple and elegant, concise and clear, which can well reflect the style and characteristics of the Tongcheng School prose.

"Or with the fistula", here "fistula" means, healing.

Miscellaneous Notes in Prison: "Mencius said: 'Technique must not be careless.

Fang Bao's "Miscellaneous Notes in Prison": "But the great expulsion has nothing to ask for, but it is still the first", "the great expulsion": beheading; "want": to threaten.

Pledge the head: leave his head as collateral to extort money. Q: Mortgage.

"One person multiplies, hurts the skin, and heals at the same time" Here "concurrently" means twenty days. CUM: Double. Ten days. So "cum- means twenty days.

The third paragraph of Fang Bao's "Miscellaneous Notes in Prison" reveals that Xu Officials were secretly changing official documents, entering and leaving people's lives, and corrupting the law when handling cases, while his superiors knew the inside story, but they did not investigate because they were afraid of being involved.

"Miscellaneous Notes in Prison" is purely objective narrative description, and it is not easy to publish arguments. The main feature of writing is the specific description of objective facts.

The original text of "Miscellaneous Notes in Prison":

Du Junyue: "It is a disease that is easily contagious, and although the relatives of the squatters do not dare to lie down together." In the prison, there are four old prisoners, five rooms, and the forbidden guards live in the center, and the front of them is clear, and the house has windows to reach the air. There are no four rooms next to it, and there are more than two hundred prisoners. Every thin twilight tube key, the arrow drowning is closed in it, and the breath of eating is thin, and in the middle of winter, the poor lie on the ground, the spring air is moving, and there is little epidemic. In prison, the law is formed, the quality is enlightened, and in the night, the living and the dead lie side by side, and there is no way to avoid it, so the people who are infected are also numerous. And the strange ones, the great thieves, the murderers and heavy prisoners, the qi jiewang, the one who infects this person, or the one who has a fistula, and his death, are all lightly tied and implicated in the evidence law. ”

[牖: window, used here as a verb, open window; pipe key: lock; quality ming: dawn; 骈死: successive deaths.] 】

This passage is about the layout of the prison cells and the plague epidemic in prison;

In the death row, the executioner first stayed outside the door and made his party into the money and property, known as "Sloe". The rich are their relatives, and the poor speak to each other. His capital punishment is, "Obey me, that is, pierce the heart first; otherwise, the limbs will be broken, and the heart will not die." His hanging, he said, "Obey me, and the first hanging is extinguished; otherwise, the three strands add other weapons, and then they will die." "There is nothing to be desired, but it is still the first." With this, the rich will bribe tens of hundreds of gold, and the poor will be clothed; and those who have nothing will be cured as they say. [Want: Blackmail; Sold out: Sold out]

The main thrust of this text is:

Through a series of appalling facts, "Miscellaneous Records in Prison" exposes the corruption and perversion of the officials at that time, as well as the crimes of the prisons of feudal society and the entire judiciary.

This passage is selected from the second paragraph of "Miscellaneous Records in Prison", which records the phenomenon of extortion and extortion of prisoners by prison officials, and profoundly exposes the vicious means and sinister hearts of prison officials.