Author: Our special guest author Zhu Tangyu
In the novel "Medicine", Lu Xun created the image of a revolutionary Xia Yu, and his blood became a panacea that the ignorant people thought could cure all diseases - human blood steamed buns. Xia Yu's prototype is Qiu Jin, a volunteer in the modern democratic revolution, who sacrificed herself as a female martyr who overthrew thousands of years of feudal rule and made great contributions to the Xinhai Revolution. What kind of person is the real Qiu Jin?
Qiu Jin was only thirty-two years old when she was killed at the Xuanting Gate of Shaoxing, and in a short life, she grew from a beautiful and rich man to a staunch patriot and revolutionary, and eventually dedicated herself to ideals and beliefs. She is an international student, a member of major gangs, a poet, a newspaperman, an orator, a social activist, an advocate of feminist and women's academic ideas, a teacher, a principal, and she has also formed and trained an army.
Qiu Jin is the real big girl, the Qiu family has been an official for generations since her great-grandfather, her mother's family is also a local noble family, Qiu Jin read with her brother at an early age, she likes to read history and poetry, from a young age, she worships Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Hua Mulan, Qin Liangyu, these national heroes and female heroes, she despises the feudal etiquette law, advocates equality between men and women, when she was very young, she wrote "In ancient times, women's heads are passed on, and who says that they are not marquises?" Such a verse, at the age of 15, learned to fencing on horseback with his cousin.
Stills from TVB's "Qiu Jin"
Qiu Jin's father had been an official in Hunan, and had successively served in Chenzhou Zhizhou and other positions, during his time in Hunan, he was particularly good with Wang Diancheng, the cousin of Zeng Guofan, the first rich man in the local area, and the two married their children, and under the auspices of their parents, Qiu Jin married Wang Tingjun, the son of Wang Diancheng. Honestly, from a secular point of view, this is a fairly good marriage, the royal court is average, good looks, whether at that time or now, belong to the good men to find with lanterns, properly rich and handsome. If you don't pay attention, Qiu Jin becomes a winner in life.
However, the rich man Is not the life Qiu Jin wants. When Qiu Jin was in her in-laws' house in Hunan, she got to know Tang Qunying and Ge Jianhao, and the three good girlfriends often got together to talk about the current situation and worry about the country and the people. Ge Jianhao does not need to be introduced, she is the mother of Cai Hesen and Cai Chang, and her revolutionary story is familiar to everyone. Tang Qunying was also an extraordinary woman, she was the first female member of the League, followed Sun Yat-sen to the Xinhai Revolution, and she led the women's political participation movement "to open the precedent of the Chinese women's movement". These three people were later known as the "Three Daughters of Xiaoxiang".
After marriage, Wang Tingjun spent money to buy an official in charge of the household department (equivalent to a department-level cadre of the Ministry of Finance), took Qiu Jin to the capital to take office, not long after taking office, in time for the invasion of the Eight-Nation Alliance, the soldiers were in chaos, Wang Tingjun had to take Qiu Jin back to his hometown to hide, until the situation was calm, he did not enter Beijing again to renew his post. During this period of living in Beijing, Qiu Jin's flamboyant personality increased unabated, at that time, the women in the door of the mansion could only invite the hall to the party at home if they wanted to see the play, and they could not show their faces to go out to watch, Qiu Jin could not eat this set, and often sat in a Western-style carriage to listen to the play, creating a precedent for high-class women to enter the theater garden.
In the capital, Qiu Jin witnessed more Corruption and division of the Qing court. Qiu Jin was worried, "The body can't be, the boy is listed, but the heart is stronger than the boy!" Count the liver and gallbladder, because people are often hot. The common man is open-minded and who knows me, and the hero's end is a torment. Where does Mang Hongchen find Zhiyin? Wet green shirts! This half-que "Man Jiang Hong" expressed the anxiety in her heart. She wanted to study in Japan and seek a way to save the country and save the people, Wang Tingjun of course did not want to, but he could not persuade Qiu Jin, so he had to make a bad move, and stole the travel expenses and jewelry prepared by Qiu Jin. In the summer of 1904, Qiu Jin sold her family property, entrusted her children to the care of friends, crossed the east alone, and went to Japan to study, this year Qiu Jin was 29 years old.
In Japan, Qiu Jin became acquainted with Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Xu Xilin and other revolutionary heroes, and she and Lu Xun also met in Japan, and Lu Xun was still her Fellow Shaoxing. In the revolutionary practice of saving the country and the people, Qiu Jin was good at making friends, daring to speak and dare to do things, and gave full play to the characteristics of super strong action. She gave speeches on stage, founded newspapers and periodicals, published propaganda, and participated in almost all the revolutionary popular gangs of the time, such as the Common Love Association, the Secret Society, the Hongmen Heaven and Earth Association (and was named "White Paper Fan", that is, the Military Division), the Triad Association, the Guangfu Society, the League Association (who was promoted to be a member of the Deliberation Department and the leader of the Zhejiang League), and so on.
Qiu Jin was an excellent orator, during her time in Japan, she participated in the organization of the "Speech Practice Meeting", which met every month to give a speech, in the speech of "My Twenty Thousand Female Compatriots", she angrily accused the feudal etiquette of destroying women, criticized the traditional concept of male superiority and female inferiority, and encouraged female compatriots to rise up and fight, to have ambition, learn culture, and be good at making a living. Qiu Jin has always taken the promotion of women's rights as her own responsibility, there is an international student, with two concubines to study, Qiu Jin is most disgusted with the ugly customs of men's concubines and the obscenity of prostitutes, and even more suspects that this person has tarnished the reputation of compatriots, so he tried his best to stir up trouble, after a series of operations, finally let the second concubine get out of the man's control and move toward independence.
During her stay in Japan, she composed the poem "Partridge Heaven", which expressed her determination to sacrifice for the country - "The motherland can't help but feel the sinking of the motherland, idle overseas to find a voice." Jin Ou has been short of always need to be made up, and he dares to sacrifice himself for the country. Sighing and drifting zero, Guan Shan Wanli made a majestic journey. Hugh said that the woman was not a British object, and the night dragon spring wall sounded. "The wind and bones are strong, and the heroic posture is refreshing.
In 1906, Qiu Jin returned to China in anger in protest against the Japanese government's promulgation of rules banning international students. After returning to China, he co-founded one of the earliest universities in China: China Public School in Shanghai. She also successively organized, trained, and connected revolutionary forces with the "Ruijin Society", "China Public School", "Shaoxing Women's School", "Xunxi Girls' School" in Nanxun, Zhejiang, and "Datong School" in Shaoxing.
In January 1907, Qiu Jin founded China's first women's newspaper to publicize the democratic revolution, "China Women's Daily", she used the signature of Jian hu female heroine to write a "publication speech" for the newspaper, and published a series of articles to publicize the salvation of the country, publicize women's rights, and call on the women's community to "wake up the lion before driving" and "the precursor of civilization". She said that "women's learning is not prosperous, the race is not strong; women's rights are not strong, and the country is bound to be weak."
In February 1907, Qiu Jin returned to Zhejiang and took over as the superintendent of the Datong Academy. She plotted with Xu Xilin and formulated a plan for the Anhui-Zhejiang uprising, "focusing on Anqing and Shaoxing as the center." Datong Academy became the base camp of the Zhejiang Revolution at that time.
In order to effectively organize the forces of the armed uprising, Qiu Jin rectified the organization of the GuangfuHui, contacted the party forces, and organized the "Guangfu Army". She divided the members of the Guangfu Society into 16 levels, and used the first 16 characters in the poem "Que Title" written by her, "The Yellow River traces back to the Zhejiang Tide, Wei I Am The Han Nationality, Mo Makes Manhu Liu Tablets, and Xuanyuan Shen ji is Tianjiao" as a table of 16 levels. She also secretly compiled the "Military System of the Guangfu Army", dividing the entire army of the Guangfu Army into 8 armies, with the 8 characters of "Guangfu Han nationality, Great Zhenguoquan" as the table of each army.
On July 6, 1907, Xu Xilin failed in the Anqing Uprising.
On July 10, 1907, Qiu Jin had learned of Xu Xilin's defeat, but refused all advice to leave Shaoxing, saying that the revolution would only succeed if it shed blood, hoping to awaken the people with her heroic feats. She dismissed the crowd and resolutely stayed at chase academy. She calmly wrote "Desperate Words" "The drunken dreams of the pain compatriots are still faint, and the land of the motherland is sad... Though he is still alive and dead, he sacrifices my duty; that is, this is never said, and the tide takes the head of the other. Ambition is still weak, ambition is still unwavering, and the Central Plains look back and intestines are broken! "Ambition is not rewarded, righteousness is not reciprocated, and people's hearts are shocked."
On the 13th, the Qing army surrounded the Chase Academy, and Qiu Jin was arrested. In the early morning of July 15, 1907, Qiu Jin drank blade Xuan Tingkou and was only 32 years old. Qiu Jin is the first female martyr to arouse strong repercussions in society, she is full of enthusiasm and righteousness, and throughout her life, she has been fighting for women's rights and striving for the construction of the revolution. Only four years after Qiu Jin's sacrifice, the cannon fire of the Xinhai Revolution resounded all over wuchang.
Haojie Qiujin, a female middle school who heroically sacrificed herself to overthrow the imperial system and establish the Republic of China, has been highly praised by the world. In 1912, Sun Yat-sen paid tribute to Qiu Jin's tomb and wrote a tribute to Lianyun: "Edo Yadanchen, feel that the head of the monarch agrees with the alliance; Xuanting sprinkles green blood, ashamed of my heroic soul", premier Zhou Enlai also wrote an inscription for Qiu Jin: "Don't forget to see the legacy of the lake heroine, hope to win glory for my daughter in Yuedong." ”
Bibliography: "Qiu Jin Collection", "Interpretation of Qiu Jin", "Female Revolutionary Qiu Jin"