"Mahatma" Gandhi, with the surname of India's highest caste Brahmin, has truly penetrated into 700,000 villages in India, advocating the theme of non-violence.
Gandhi, who was 66 years old, saw the importance of the countryside to India and decided to live like Tolstoy as a farmer.
He hopes to find a new way to break through India's violent rebirth social environment and temporarily bridge the dispute between Hindus and Muslims with a stronger purpose.
The Government of India Act seemed to attest to the phased victory of Gandhi's Salt Movement, but Gandhi soon discovered that members of the Congress party were rewarded with political activity, and Gandhi also found that many of his disciples were also ordinary politicians.
Gandhi
Gandhi was also in a state of internal and external difficulties at this time, and the poverty of the eldest son of the family himself, the exclusion of him from the party, and the various dissatisfactions in activities outside the party made Gandhi extremely miserable.
In fact, the assassination of 1948 had a certain social basis, when the whole of India was about to fall into a state of civil war, and the downfall of British Prime Minister Churchill plunged the whole of India into another kind of unspeakable panic.
When the Duke of Mountbatten was determined to complete the partition of India and Pakistan, India was already on the verge of fragmentation due to different religious beliefs.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the hustle and bustle before the assassination</h1>
Although Gandhi is the "father of the nation" of India's independence, he has repeatedly expressed his disapproval of the partition of India and Pakistan, but this matter has become a fact, and Gandhi did not really participate in the political whirlpool of the partition of India and Pakistan.
Gandhi spent his life committed to the peaceful development of India and to shaping India into a peaceful and pluralistic country free of hatred. But Gandhi's claims were beautiful, and reality was always unsightly.
When India was still british colonial, Gandhi was properly positioned in the political situation, playing to his strengths, and was a great tactician. The most important reason Why Gandhi's biggest supporter, Nehru, valued Gandhi was gandhi's influence among the people at the bottom, and Nehru endorsed Gandhi's strong critique of the racial system.
Colonial history of India
He himself was only verbally in favour of Gandhi's proposed "non-resistance movement", and in private Nehru repeatedly expressed his anger at Gandhi's overemphasis on the role of religion, he was well aware that Gandhi's utilization after the founding of the country was not very large, and he respected Gandhi's morality and regarded Gandhi as an important symbol of India.
Gandhi's assassins also believed that Gandhi represented the interests of the Congress Party, and that Gandhi had violated his original desire for peace.
muhammad. Ali. Jinnah also believed that he was disgusted with Gandhi's use of religion for practical interests, believing that the Congress Party did not have absolute respect for religion, and quit the Congress Party to establish itself as a Muslim party.
muhammad. Ali. Jinnah
Nehru's pressure on Britain to collectively withdraw from the Indian government for India's independence in the late World War II created an important opportunity for Jinnah to perceive the Muslim League.
He wanted India to become a complete Islamic State, and in March 1940 a politically significant Muslim league rallies in Minto Park issued the Lahore Resolution.
The passage of this resolution surprised both the Congress Party and Gandhi, and the Lahore Resolution was adamant that Muslims and Hindus would begin to compete for national sovereignty over India after the end of World War II. This precipitous problem soon erupted in 1947 with the arrival of the Duke of Mountbatten as India's last governor.
Mountbatten
In fact, for Gandhi, Mountbatten's arrival was an ill-conceived disaster.
Mountbatten's optimism in the Indian media was that his first mission in India was to talk to Gandhi, but the situation seemed to be very difficult, when Gandhi was preventing a clash between religions in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
On 31 March, Gandhi met with Mountbatten, but the two sides did not have a good dialogue, and Gandhi did not think that the British government could truly make a complete plan for India's future.
At the end of the meeting, Gandhi offered to make Jinnah prime minister of India. In order to bridge the religious strife within India and gain the trust of the Muslim League, only by doing so will it be possible for India to achieve true unity.
Nehru
Unbeknownst to Gandhi, however, was that Mountbatten had met Nehru before his meeting with Gandhi and had made all sorts of plans for India's future and personal future, and that none of his Plans for India's future with Nehru and another friend had been allowed to enter the meeting.
Nehru offered an enticing offer, promising that an independent India would join the Commonwealth as a member state, much to Mountbatten's eye.
As you can imagine, Gandhi's proposal had no half worth for Mountbatten. Gandhi knew that violence was about to break out and that the killings among the people of Bihar would begin again.
In May 1947, Mountbatten and Jinnah reached an agreement that the Partition of India and Pakistan was established, and in June, all the leaders gathered and began signing the agreement.
Nehru was so worried that the riots immediately swept through India, and they turned their attention to Gandhi, who had an Indian spiritual mentor, hoping that he would be able to put a temporary end to the riots through his influence.
In fact, even if Nehru did not say it, Gandhi was constantly making new attempts, he left Bihar into the most controversial state of Kashmir, and by the time Gandhi's train slowly entered kashmir station, the bitter fruit of the tragedy had already been inflicted.
Kashmiri army
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > assassination</h1>
The Kashmir station was full of Hindu young people, and Gandhi took the initiative to sit in the window of the car and tell one of the crowds, and suddenly, the group of young people burst out and angrily shouted at Gandhi: "Gandhi, get back!" ”
They had already inflicted all the pain of the current state of insurrection in India on Gandhi, who had to clasp his ears with both hands until the train left the station and the deafening shouts subsided.
Nationalist sentiment among Hindus had reached its peak, and on August 15, 1947, India officially declared its independence, but Gandhi was not happy. At this time, Gandhi's body was already very weak, and he no longer had a strong desire to survive.
At the end of August, when the Indian media suddenly broke the news of the massacre in Punjab near Kashmir, Gandhi was determined to see it, but he was surprised by the sight in front of him, and he still wanted to use non-violent forms of hunger strike resistance, and for the next 4 days, Gandhi did not eat a single bite of food, just a few sips of soda.
Fearing Gandhi's death here, local officials were determined to quell the riots here first. After achieving his goal, Gandhi left for Delhi the next day.
However, Gandhi's actions did not stop the rebellion throughout India, which seemed to be in a state of disintegration, and gandhi, after wandering through the Indian states, was determined to go on a hunger strike again on January 13, 1948, and Gandhi said on the radio: "The day peace comes to Delhi, it will be time for me to end the hunger strike".
That night a thin old man appeared at the train station in Delhi, the leader of a Hindu alliance, and they decided that if Gandhi did not die on this hunger strike, he decided to kill Gandhi with a gun.
On the 18th, under the influence of Gandhi, all the Indian religions did sign a statement together, saying that all religious organizations and social groups in India would pledge to "the members of all sects in Delhi to live in harmony like brothers."
Gandhi survived the hunger strike, but then Gandhi began to encounter assassinations of all kinds, because Gandhi's disciples escaped all of them.
Violent incidents
At 5 p.m. on January 30, 1948, the hunger strike had destroyed Gandhi's health, and he could not stand on his own, and Gandhi struggled to get up and go to the platform to pray routinely with the support of two believers.
He wants to pray for the dead of the recent violent events, and at the same time wants to melt these seemingly unbreakable ice of hatred with his infinite love, he knows that his strength is already minimal, but he still adheres to the self-esteem principle of "non-violence" non-cooperation and firmly makes his own efforts to his gods.
Suddenly, among the countless crowds, a diminutive man, wearing a bright green pullover, was a Hindu right-wing fanatic, Nandulam. Goodes, when he saw Gandhi, put down his hat, knelt down and saluted Gandhi, who hurriedly bent down and bowed in return.
Gandhi was assassinated
Unexpectedly, as soon as he stood up, he saw the man holding a revolver aimed at his heart, only to hear a bang, followed by three more shots. If it weren't for the Indian Air Force Sergeant Divraj standing nearby. As soon as Singer took Goodes' pistol, he was likely to shoot several more shots, and everyone was stunned.
Then the woman screamed loudly, and Gandhi seemed to be very peaceful, but his body was powerless to resist the impact of the bullet, and the whole person leaned back, saying: "Ramaromo" in his mouth.
After Gandhi's assassination, the whole country was shocked, and people within the Congress Party at that time kept saying, "They beat Gandhi to death!" ”
Nehru had planned to visit Gandhi after completing his prayer that night, but what he did not expect was the news, and Gandhi's assassination made Nehru unable to return for a long time.
That evening, Nehru gave a speech: "Friends and comrades, the light has moved away from our lives, and the world has fallen into darkness. ”
Gandhi's body was surrounded by his disciple Manubhuhan and other disciples who had made minor atrocities against Gandhi according to religious rituals, some chanting the Bhagavad Gita, others weeping next to him.
The disciple Devadas insisted that Gandhi's chest be exposed: "There is no way for any soldier's chest to be compared."
Gandhi's body was transported in a military vehicle, surrounded by garlands woven from home-spinning cotton threads and a string of rosary beads, and nearly 1 million people gathered around the funeral as they slowly marched along the Mohe River.
People of different races, religions, and castes lined up in long lines, three military planes kept throwing flower petals at the funeral crowd in the air, and Gandhi's death brought the people in the midst of the riot to a standstill. Gandhi's desire to work for peace in India during his lifetime actually became a reality at this moment.
At the end of the river bank there was a pile of firewood for cremation, Gandhi lay peacefully on it, Ramdas lit a torch, and suddenly a dozen women believers of Gandhi jumped out of both sides into the sea of fire to be martyred for this "mahatma", who used their lives to tell the world about the Hindu tradition, and the spirit of Hinduism is always deep in the bone marrow of Indians.
Gandhi's death was a loss of hope for the future, seeing a better tomorrow for India, and there was no point in living.
Gandhi's body burned for nearly 14 hours until the mahatma's body was reduced to ashes. The voice of "Long live Mahatma Gandhi" was often heard from the crowd, but nothing made sense.
That night, Gandhi's eldest son came from his hometown to mourn his father, and although he never tried to understand his father's deeds, he paid tribute to his son like Gandhi.
The news of Gandhi's death spread abroad, when countless great leaders sent telegrams of condolences from U.S. President Harry. Truman, Chiang Kai-shek, British Prime Minister Clement. Both Attlee and King George VI expressed their heavy condolences to Gandhi, a great man who had forged an immortal modern Indian state with his life.
There was no public figure, Churchill, who had spent his life as a stumbling block to his political progress, and who, like Hindus, believed that gandhi was the culprit of the division between India and Pakistan.
Gandhi's death seemed to Churchill as if he had removed a major problem.
Second, he did not have time to mourn Gandhi, and the arrival of the Cold War forced Churchill to go to the political battlefield again.
Shortly after Gandhi's death, Gandhi's followers, Jawaharlal Nehru, officially came to power to confront the chaotic reality of India, and the beginning of independence was not as happy as they had imagined.
Instead, independent India had many indissoluble messes, the temporary peace brought about by Gandhi's death was soon broken, Nehru had to deal with the troubles of different religions in a state of extreme tension, and he and his Congress party would begin a difficult and difficult road to the founding of modern India.
Gandhi's life relied on the basic creed that "non-violence is the supreme law" to value the hearts of non-intellectuals far more than intellectuals, which profoundly aroused the enthusiasm of the people at the bottom of India for freedom, and he represented the oldest tradition in India and the deepest desires of the people.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > references</h1>
Gandhi and Churchill
Defying the Gods: The Rise and Development of Modern India
Eight Questions of Oriental Culture