Section 1 Project Overview
According to the bidding documents and related drawings, the scope of mechanical and electrical engineering work is ± 0.00 floors and below all mechanical and electrical embedded work, including: ± 0.00 floor slabs and beams, basement structure, pile cap all mechanical and electrical embedded works.
Section 2 Main construction methods and technical measures
2.1 Installation of casing
2.1.1 Casing production requirements
1) Casing materials
2) For the construction needs, the unified principle is as follows: for DN≤40 small-diameter pipes, DN80 casing is used when there is no need for insulation, and DN125 casing is used for insulated pipes. The outer diaphragm wall shall be appropriately enlarged according to the requirements of the owner.
3) On the floor, part of the pipeline that needs to cross the steel structure is placed casing principle: when the reserved hole DN≤350, do not make casing, only leave the hole edge of the steel structure, and make a 40mm fireproof coating.
4) Rigid casing
Figure 4.1.2.1 Rigid casing
5) Rigid waterproof casing
Figure 4.1.2.2 Rigid waterproof casing
6) Crossing the floor casing
Figure 4.1.2.3 Crossing the floor casing
7) Casing paint requirements:
The steel casing is used for the outer wall and pool, and the inner wall of the casing is brushed with anti-rust paint.
2.1.2 Casing installation
The accuracy of the casing installation should be determined, and the number of casings should be checked according to the diagram to ensure the accuracy of the number of casings installed.
1) Before the casing is installed, the drawings should be carefully checked to confirm the diameter and quantity of the casing;
2) Cooperate with other professions to measure, verify and confirm the specific axis position of the site and the reference coordinates such as horizontal datum points;
3) Determine the elevation and vertical and horizontal coordinates of the casing according to the position of the drawing mark, the reference size and the on-site datum coordinates;
4) Notify the professional construction unit of the position of the casing confirmed by us in writing (or partial section drawings) so that the other party can review and confirm;
5) Cooperate with professional units for casing installation: casing installation should be firm, no shaking, when it needs to be reinforced, it can be lap welded with short ribs, connected to the main reinforcement of the structure, but it is necessary to coordinate with the design supervision unit before treatment to avoid damaging the strength of the building structure;
6) During the installation, the coordinates and elevation dimensions of the casing, as well as the levelness of the casing, should be constantly reviewed, and once the deviation is found to be greater than the allowable range, it should be rectified immediately;
7) For the waterproof casing that passes through the diaphragm wall, in order to prevent the infiltration of external groundwater, 3mm steel plate can be used to weld at both ends of the casing before installation for temporary blocking;
2.1.3 Casing backfill treatment
The schematic diagram of various pipelines crossing the casing and backfilling is shown in the following table:
2.1.4 Casing construction process
See the construction flow chart for details:
2.1.5 Civil anti-casing
1) The pipeline passes through the partition wall of the civil air defense unit
Figure 4.1.2.4 The pipeline passes through the separation wall of the civil air defense unit
2) The pipeline passes through the empty wall
Figure 4.1.2.5 The pipeline passes through the empty wall
3) The pipeline passes through the civil air defense outer wall and airtight wall
Figure 4.1.2.6 The pipeline passes through the civil air defense outer wall and the airtight wall
4) The pipeline passes through the civil air defense and non-civil air defense floors
Figure 4.1.2.7 The pipeline passes through the civil air defense and non-civil air defense floors
2.2 Installation of embedded pipes
1) The diameter of the embedded pipe should be consistent with the diameter of the pipe to which the pipe, manual sealing valve or explosion-proof overpressure exhaust valve is connected.
2) The embedded pipe fittings should be rusted, and the red dan anti-rust paint should be brushed twice inside and outside, and poured into the wall together with the civil construction.
3) Review the embedded pipe fittings before the civil engineering pouring, and make construction records, and identify the formwork on the site in time after the formwork is removed.
2.3 Installation of embedded parts
1) In view of the large diameter of the pipeline in the computer room and the heavy load of the load-bearing bracket, the bracket connector will be embedded in the computer room to reserve the connection part for the later bracket production.
2) Embed the fixed iron parts for installation in the basic part of the equipment to prepare for the later installation of the equipment.
2.4 Electrical Installation
2.4.1 Concealed pipe laying
Guangzhou TV Tower grounding plans to adopt the most advanced "exothermic welding" new technology in the world, set up a 150mm2 copper strand horizontal grounding main network in the large bottom plate of the TV tower foundation, and a length of 20m copper-plated steel rod, pile foundation main steel bar through special connectors, using 1083 °C "exothermic welding" Technology, this connection method uses the high-temperature exothermic reaction of copper oxide and aluminum to produce an almost pure copper welding, the current carrying capacity (melting point) of the welding point is the same as the current carrying capacity of the wire, which belongs to a solid molecular connection, with the continuation of the connection life, it will not produce loosening and corrosion, which is incomparable with other such as brazing, crimping and bolts.
The main grounding grid of the TV tower is laid on the pile foundation of the large bottom plate of the cylinder, and the main material of the grid is 150mm2 copper stranded wire (40×4mm copper bar), and the whole grid is horizontally circular and fan-shaped, and the horizontal grid spacing is about 10m.
Figure 4.1.2.8 Grounding horizontal grid
The grid grounding body is divided into two parts, one is to use Φ14.2mm copper-plated copper rod, the supply length of each section is 2.4~3m, and the whole grounding electrode reaches a length of 10~20m through the connecting pipe in the middle. The second is to use the main reinforcement in the pile foundation and the horizontal and vertical main reinforcement of the large bottom plate. The main grounding grid, the main reinforcement of the pile foundation, and the main reinforcement of the large bottom plate are welded into one through the supporting special connectors, using 1083 °C "exothermic welding" technology.
Figure 4.1.2.9 Wire connector mode
The 1.2m thick underground diaphragm wall, 0.8m thick reinforced concrete lining wall, and structural column in the cylinder around the cylinder use its main steel bar to form a closed equipotential cage, which is also connected to each other with 150mm2 copper stranded wire and supporting special connectors, and is welded into one by 1083 °C "exothermic welding" technology.
Figure 4.1.2.10 Potential cage diagram
The whole welding process is carried out in just a few seconds in the graphite mold, and the temperature in the mold reaches 1083 °C, and the heat applied to the surface of the wire or main steel bar is much lower than that of general brazing and soldering.
2.4.2 Concealed pipe laying
1) The basic requirements for laying hidden pipes are: the wires and pipelines, nozzles and pipe connections that cross the civil air defense and non-civil air defense areas should be sealed; the wires and pipelines should be laid along the nearest route and minimize bending, and the net distance from the surface should not be less than 15mm for the pipes buried in the wall or concrete; the wires and pipelines buried in the ground should not pass through the equipment foundation.
2) Prefabrication:
a. Simmering and bending of steel pipes: When the diameter of the pipe is 20mm and below, use a hand lever to simmer the bender. When the pipe diameter is 25mm or more, use a hydraulic simmer.
b. Pipe cutting: use a hacksaw, pipe cutter, and grinding wheel saw to cut the pipe, measure the size of the pipe that needs to be cut, and put it in the jaws to cut it firmly.
c. Pipe threading: using threading plate and casing machine. When using the threading plate, the corresponding plate teeth should be selected according to the outer diameter of the pipe, and the thread should be evenly used in the process of threading; when the threading machine is used, attention should be paid to pouring the coolant in time, the thread is not messy and not too long, the slag is eliminated, and the thread is clean and clear.
d. Determine the position of the box and box: determine the position of the axis of the box and box according to the design requirements, take the horizontal line of the civil engineering pop-up as the benchmark, align the hanging line, and mark the actual size and position of the box and box.
e. Fix the box and box: first stabilize the box and box, and then grout, requiring the mortar to be full, flat and firm, and in the correct position. The cast-in-place concrete slab wall fixes the box, the box is fixed with the iron support, and the cast-in-place concrete floor slab is blocked and fixed firmly with the bottom plate reinforcement, and after the pipeline is matched, the concrete construction is completed at the same time as the civil construction. The installation requirements for boxes and boxes are shown in the following table:
List of installation requirements for boxes and boxes
| Measured items | request | Allowable deviation (mm) |
| Boxes and boxes are positioned horizontally and vertically | That's right | 10 (brick wall), 30 (large formwork) |
| The adjacent elevation within 1m of the box | agreement | 2 |
| The box is fixed | vertical | 2 |
| The box is fixed | vertical | 3 |
| Boxes, openings and walls | Flush | The maximum recess depth is 10mm |
f. Pipeline connection
(1) Steel pipes with a diameter of 20mm and below must be connected with pipe hoop threads. Pipe hoop connection plus Ф6 round steel welding jumper, the thread shall not have the phenomenon of random buckle, the nozzle file is smooth and flat, the pipe hoop must use the wire pipe hoop, the joint should be firm and tight, the exposed wire should not be more than 2 buckles; the pipe diameter of 25mm and above steel pipe, can be connected by the pipe hoop or casing welding, the length of the casing should be 2.5 times of the diameter of the connecting pipe, the counterpart of the connecting nozzle should be in the center of the casing, and the weld should be welded firmly and tightly.
(2) If the pipeline exceeds the following lengths, a junction box should be installed, and its position should be convenient for threading. 45m without bends, 30m with one bend, 20m with two bends, and 12m with three bends.
(3) Pipe into the box and box connection: the box and box openings should be neat and consistent with the pipe diameter, requiring one pipe and one hole, and no long holes should be opened. Iron boxes and boxes are strictly forbidden to open holes by electric welding and gas welding, and should be brushed with anti-rust paint. The nozzle should be locked with a nut when entering the box and box, and the thread of the exposed lock nut is 2-4 buckles. More than two pipes into the box, the box should be the same length, evenly spaced, neatly arranged.
g. Concealed pipe laying method:
(1) Piping with the wall (masonry): When cooperating with the wall riser of civil engineering, the pipe should be placed in the center of the wall, and the nozzle should be sealed upwards to prevent cement mortar or other debris from blocking the pipe. The downward lead pipe from the top plate should not be too long, so as to reach the upper mouth of the switch box. Wait for the partition wall to be built, fix the box first, and then connect the short pipe.
(2) Cast-in-place concrete floor slab piping: first find the exact position, according to the thickness of the wall around the room, pop out the cross line, fix the blocked box firmly, and then lay the pipe. When there are more than two boxes, straighten the line. The length of the pipe into the box should be appropriate, and the pipe should be tied with lead wire every 1m or so.
After the laying of the concealed pipe, on the basis of passing the self-inspection, the owner and the supervision representative should be notified in time to check and accept, and carefully and truthfully fill in the acceptance record of the concealed project.
2.4.3 Special requirements for civil air defense electrical piping:
When the hidden piping of cables and wires passes through the protective airtight partition wall or airtight partition wall, transition boxes should be set on both sides of the wall, and there shall be no terminal in the box. The transition box should be sealed and covered after threading.
The lamp head box, switch box, junction box, etc. are fixed close to the template. The hidden piping should be spot welded firmly with the structural reinforcement.
When the hidden pipe is laid through the wall, the relevant design drawings are strictly installed.
2.4.4 Dark piping should not pass through the settlement joints or expansion joints of buildings.
2.4.5 Protection pipeline laying requirements
It should be as short and straight as possible, easy to construct and maintain, and avoid dangerous places to reduce cross-crossing with other pipelines and other obstacles.
Section 3 Quality Assurance Measures
1) Carry out in-depth implementation of the requirements of the quality management system according to GB/T19001-2000 ISO 9001-2000, prepare the company's quality assurance system documents, strengthen the quality awareness education of all employees, and carry out quality management according to the requirements of the quality system.
2) Before construction, the construction plan should be carefully reviewed and prepared, and targeted construction technical quality measures should be formulated, and the technical disclosure work should be carried out step by step, so that the construction personnel at all levels have a full understanding of the drawings, technical standards, specifications, etc.
3) Carefully construct according to the drawings, and do a good job in the original data records of the construction and the acceptance visa of various concealed projects in a timely manner. Strengthen the self-inspection and mutual inspection of construction quality, and speed up the transmission of information.
4) Process inspection
After each process is completed, the team operators will first conduct self-inspection in accordance with the standards and specifications. After passing the self-inspection, notify the quality inspector to conduct a special inspection. After passing the special inspection, the quality inspector signs on the inspection and test status identification card before it can be transferred to the next process. In the main process of concealed engineering, before the concealment of the project, after the quality inspector inspects and approves, the owner's representative and the supervision unit should also be asked to inspect and approve, and countersign the "concealed engineering inspection record".
Section 4 Procurement and Management of Materials
The assurance of material quality is a prerequisite for the quality assurance of the whole project, so the control of material quality is very important and critical. The quality of the selection of engineering materials will directly affect the intrinsic quality of the project and the appearance quality of the product, in order to ensure the quality of the materials used in the project, we will start from the procurement of materials. All material supply should be qualified suppliers, because we are an enterprise that has obtained international quality system certification.
Quality assurance measures before the material enters the site
1) equipment or materials before use according to the design requirements to check its specifications, materials, models, materials must have the manufacturer's certificate of conformity or warranty, material transportation, warehousing, storage process, the implementation of strict control measures, each process has a handover system.
2) After the storage of materials, the implementation of standardization and classification, sub-specification stacking and management, while preventing deformation, preventing moisture, mildew and other measures, materials out of the warehouse inspection and handling procedures.
3) After the materials are out of the warehouse, they should be properly kept at the construction site, and the storage location is safe and reliable. Materials should be stacked neatly and signs should be hung.
4) Strict inspection of materials before use, including visual inspection, removal of attachments.
5) Control of non-conforming materials. Once it is found that the material cannot meet or may not meet the design requirements, it should be isolated from the qualified material, and the quality problem should be rectified in time during the self-inspection process.
Section 5 Coordination measures for project construction
1) the pre-embedding cooperation, the operator according to the embedded drawings for the reservation of pre-embedding, reservation shall not be arbitrarily damaged building reinforcement, and civil structure contradictions, and design, supervision and negotiation to deal with. In the floor of the wrong place, leakage, blockage or design of the increase of the buried pipe, must be not made before the floor surface layer of the buryed, the wall reserved equipment into the hole, by the design to determine or install the relevant types of work in the site and the civil unit agreed by the civil engineering hole.
2) Concealed box and decorative wall switches, socket installation coordination, concealed box, box installation, should be carried out with the construction surface of the civil wall, arranged in the civil wall switch socket, should be carried out with the civil veneer construction.
3) Construction electricity and site use cooperation, due to the construction of many units, interspersed with many operations, the construction of electricity and site use, should be coordinated and solved under the arrangement of the general contracting project department.
4) With the cooperation of finished product protection, holes shall not be made in concrete walls and columns during installation and construction, and holes must be made for special reasons, which should be negotiated in advance, and attention should be paid to the protection of the wall during installation and construction to avoid pollution.
5) The construction units coordinate to do a good job in the protection of the installation of engineering products, and the civil construction personnel shall not arbitrarily pull the installed pipelines, pipelines, switches, valves, etc., and shall not take away the plugs of the reserved pipeline mouths at will.
Section 6 Measures to ensure construction safety
6.1 Safety and fire management objectives
Safety management is an important part of project management, which runs through the whole process of construction and is related to the personal safety of all construction personnel on site. The goal of safety and fire management of this project is to prevent safety accidents and control the rate of minor injuries within 1.5‰.
6.2 Establish a safety and fire protection guarantee system
Strictly implement the spirit of the relevant national and local fire regulations, labor regulations, company safety and fire protection regulations and the company's "Safety Production Work Regulations" and "Fire Safety Management Regulations", improve and implement the safety production responsibility system, and earnestly implement the policy of "safety first" and "prevention first", so as to achieve safe production and civilized construction, and abide by the six disciplines of safe production. Establish a construction site safety and fire prevention guarantee system, and implement the safety and fire prevention responsibility system for units and personnel at all levels. In order to implement the safety and fire protection work, in this project, we will establish and improve the safety and fire protection guarantee system headed by the project manager, improve and improve the safety inspection system, and implement it in accordance with JGJ59-99 "Construction Safety Inspection Standards". The project manager is the first person responsible for safety production, equipped with full-time safety officers, and at the same time, all professional and technical personnel are part-time safety officers.
6.3 Safety technical standard documents that should be followed in construction
1) Construction Law of the People's Republic of China
2) Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
3) Decree No. 15 of the Ministry of Construction of the Ministry of Construction of the Regulations on the Management of Construction Sites
4) "Construction Safety Inspection Standard" (JGJ59-99)
5) Technical Code for Safety of Work at Height in Building Construction (JGJ80-91)
6) Technical Regulations for the Safety of Construction Machinery (JGJ33-2001)
7) Technical Code for Temporary Electricity Safety on Construction Site (JGJ46-2005)
6.4 Safety and fire protection training and education
1) All personnel who enter the construction site must carry out education on safety and fire awareness, safety and fire operation procedures, and safety and fire knowledge, teach the use of personal protection facilities, and conduct training on safety and fire protection facilities, including the correct use of safety and fire protection facilities, so as to increase the self-protection awareness of all employees, so that all employees consciously, seriously and strictly according to the regulations of construction. The training and education time shall not be less than 4 hours, and the training content, place, time, number of people, and times of training shall be recorded.
2) The personnel entering the site must study the safety and fire protection rules and regulations, including the relevant national regulations and standards, so that all employees can consciously abide by the safety and fire protection rules and regulations of the project construction site.
3) Professional and technical personnel shall carry out the construction organization design, construction plan, and safety and fire protection technical disclosure corresponding to the safety technical measures in the work instructions according to the specific conditions and professional characteristics of the site before the team operation. The responsibility of protection is implemented to the person, and the construction personnel, safety officers, and construction team leaders are responsible for their own responsibilities and implemented to the people, so that the alarm bell in the heart of each operator is often ringing, and the construction is ensured under the guidance of safety and fire protection technology.
4) Carry out construction safety education in special seasons, change in the rainy season and other special seasons, make safety and fire protection disclosure to each on-site construction personnel, and do a good job in safe construction and production in special seasons.
6.5 Safety and fire management system
Through the training and education of employees, so that employees have a sense of safety, and have a certain ability to protect themselves, in order to standardize the daily behavior of employees, change "passive safety" to "everyone actively abide by safety", we will effectively implement the safety and fire management system.
1) For electricians, welders, crane workers and other special operators, they must go through the safety and fire protection technical training of this type of work, pass the examination, and hold the operation license issued by the labor department before they can hold the certificate, and it is strictly forbidden to operate without a license.
2) Safety and fire inspection system
During the construction process, the construction team conducts daily inspections, and the safety officers conduct daily inspections. The regional construction section conducts a safety inspection once a week, and the project department conducts a safety inspection every half a month, immediately issues a rectification notice for the identified safety and fire hazards, and organizes relevant personnel to rectify in a timely manner.
Accept the regular or irregular guidance, supervision and inspection of the safety and fire production of the project by the owner, on-site supervision, relevant departments at higher levels, local safety supervision stations and fire brigades.
3) Safety and fire regular meeting system
The project department organizes a regular meeting of safety and fire protection every week, listens to the safety and fire protection report, reports the safety and fire protection situation, analyzes the recent safety and fire protection situation, arranges the safety work of the next period, takes preventive measures for the safety and fire hazards, and makes records.
4) Pre-shift safety activity system
The construction team conducts safety and fire protection activities every day for no less than 15 minutes. The team leader organizes the team members to carry out safety study and daily safety education, check whether the wearing of personal labor protection equipment is complete and meets the requirements, find out the hidden dangers of safety and fire protection, and study the specifications and procedures. There is no safety disclosure before the team takes up the post, and there is no construction.
5) Investigation and handling system for casualty accidents
In investigating and handling casualty accidents, it is necessary to ensure that "four things are not let go," that is, the cause of the accident is not clearly investigated, those responsible for the accident are not seriously dealt with, the broad masses of workers are not educated, and the preventive measures are not implemented.
6.6 Safety fire protection facilities
To achieve the first place in safety work, it is necessary to do the configuration of safety and fire protection facilities in advance, and all safety and fire protection facilities should be implemented in accordance with the relevant specifications.
1) At the entrance of the construction site and the dangerous operation area, there should be safety production posters, large slogans and safety color codes to remind employees to pay attention to safety production at any time.
2) All on-site construction personnel will be issued with safety helmets. Special types of work such as welders and electricians must be equipped with safety protective equipment, and once the protective equipment is found to be damaged, it should be replaced in time.
3) Seat belts must be worn when working at height.
4) Minimize night construction to avoid excessive fatigue of workers. Sufficient illumination should be ensured when working at night.
5) According to the characteristics of the season, formulate corresponding measures such as lightning protection, electricity protection, moisture prevention, frost prevention, and heat protection to increase self-protection ability. The high temperature in summer, the severe cold season in winter and the construction of Huangmei day should be specified in accordance with the relevant regulations to ensure production safety.
6) Hang safety warning signs and safety hazard signs at the distribution box and switch box, and prohibit others from opening, closing and using live facilities at will. All electrical construction equipment should be equipped with protective covers, leakage protectors should be installed in the distribution box, and protective grounding should be done to ensure that the electrical equipment is leaked from one machine, one gate, and one leakage. Mechanical equipment, distribution boxes, etc. are covered by canopies and other measures to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
7) Anti-corrosion operations should be carried out in a well-ventilated and well-lit area, and operators should wear rubber gloves, rubber shoes and masks
8) Dangerous goods on the construction site should be placed in accordance with the regulations, and dangerous goods should be stored and used according to the regulations. Temporary facilities at the construction site, warehouses, storage and processing sites for wood, oil, flammable and explosive materials, including the upper and lower perimeters of fire operations, hang safety signs, set up fire-fighting equipment, and equip part-time firefighters to prevent or control fires.
9) The construction site is equipped with sufficient fire extinguishing equipment.
Section 7 Main Construction Machinery and Measuring Instruments Equipped with Tables
Metering instrument equipping schedule