Construction technology Thin plastering of interior walls
Standard practice
1. Process introduction
Thin layer plastering refers to plastering with a thickness of no more than 8mm, and the aggregate particle size is best below 1.25mm (control 50-80 mesh). The thin layer of plastering is very thin and the water disperses quickly, so it requires a high water retention rate (>99%) and adhesive strength. The thin-layer plastering is very fast, and the wet operation of mud and water is eliminated, which provides the necessary conditions for the interspersing of subsequent processes.
There are several advantages over traditional plastering:
| _ | Traditional plastering | Thin plastering |
| transport | Cement and river sand are transported to the construction site in batches, the transportation cost is large, the pile on the construction site is polluted, and the quantity is not easy to count | Directly transported in place at one time, easy to stack |
| modulation | The site is modulated by workers from memory, which is prone to uneven proportions and affects the quality of the project | It can be modulated by adding water in proportion, which will not cause different hardness |
| quality | It is easy to hollow drum, and the cracking phenomenon requires manual operation twice, which is laborious, time-consuming and costly | The adhesion and crack resistance of the material prepared by the special mix ratio are superior, and there will be no hollowing and cracking, and the hardness is better than that of traditional plastering |
| environmental protection | Traditionally, the on-site stacking of cement, river sand and mixing will produce a lot of dust and noise on the construction site | There is no need to pile cement, river sand, no cement, river sand manual transportation and batching mixing process on site, which can avoid dust on the site, reduce noise, and effectively improve the safe and civilized construction of the site |
Through comparison, it is found that the use of special mortar to make thin plastering is conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of resources, promoting the construction of a conservation-oriented society, helping to ensure the quality of the project, improving construction efficiency, reducing labor intensity, promoting civilized construction, helping to reduce noise and dust pollution on the construction site, reducing the pressure on the urban environment, and promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy and the environment.
2. Preparation for construction
2.1 Technical Preparation
2.1.1 Be familiar with the design drawings and requirements, select materials according to relevant standards and specifications, prepare construction plans or technical measures, calculate material demand plans, and prepare technical safety disclosures.
2.1.2 Organize and arrange model construction.
2.2 Preparation of Materials
2.2.1 Calculate the quantity of materials required for plastering according to the construction drawings, and propose the date of the materials entering the site in batches.
2.2.2 The use of polymer thin layer anti-crack plastering mortar, the mortar is refined by polymer polymer, organic admixtures, high-grade cement and additives. Generally, the plastering thickness is 3-5mm, and the maximum plastering thickness is not more than 8mm. Materials and products must have factory certificates, technical performance test reports, and instruction manuals, and technical performance must meet the relevant national product quality standards.
2.3 Construction Tools
| serial number | The name of the tool | Specifications and models | quantity |
| 1 | Infrared lasers | 1200w | 2 |
| 2 | Ruler | 2m | 1 |
| 3 | Yin and Yang Angle | Rectangular ruler 25-50cm | 1 |
| 4 | Feeler gauge | _ | 1 |
| 5 | Steel tape measure | 5m | 4 |
| 6 | Hand-held electric mixer | _ | 2 |
| 7 | Ash buckets | _ | 8 |
| 8 | Custom High Madden | 1.5m | 4 |
| 9 | Stainless steel spatula | _ | 4 |
| 10 | Handheld lasers Rangefinder | II. Equal laser, maximum output power≤ 1mW | 1 |
2.4 Operating Conditions
2.4.1 Before the formal plastering, the model should be carried out first, and the construction interface can be fully constructed only after the inspection meets the requirements and the construction interface is determined. The depth of the base and masonry ash joints shall not exceed 3mm, and if it exceeds 3mm, the special putty shall be repaired first.
2.4.2 In the process of masonry construction, the construction should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the specification, and the verticality should be controlled within 5mm, the flatness should be controlled within 5mm, and the squareness should be controlled within 10mm, and the pass rate should be controlled at more than 95%.
2.4.3 Hydropower installation conditions: Check whether the water and electricity conduits are installed in place before plastering. After passing the inspection, the pipeline and box edge have been repaired before the plastering project can be carried out.
3. Construction technology
3.1 Process flow
The base cleaning → check the verticality, flatness and squareness of the wall, determine the thickness of the plaster→ scrape the special mortar plastering layer → acceptance
3.2 Construction points
3.2.1 Grassroots treatment
(1) Aerated block base treatment: surface debris, residual mortar, dust, etc. should be removed.
(2) A high stool should be prepared before plastering, and the shelf should be 20~25cm away from the wall for easy operation.
(3) The reserved tongue and groove position must be chiseled.
(4) Paste mesh cloth: alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth (the mass per square meter is not less than 120g glass fiber mesh), at the junction of aerated block and concrete, the lap width of each side of the mesh cloth is not less than 100mm, and the cement is pasted.
3.2.2 Determine the plastering thickness
(1) Perpendicularity: Use an infrared laser to check the verticality of the masonry wall, and the verticality error is required to be within 5mm.
(2) Flatness: Check with a 2m aluminum alloy ruler, and the flatness error is required to be within 5mm.
(3) Squareness: Use a yin and yang angle ruler or an infrared laser to set out the squareness of the wall, and the squareness error is required to be within 10mm.
(4) Determine the plastering thickness of the wall according to the verticality, flatness and squareness of the inspection.
The wall is flat and measured
Plastering is carried out according to the measured data
The thickness is determined, and the tendons are hung with dots
Punch the ribs
Dotting and punching and hanging the net are completed
3.2.3 Mortar plastering surface
After the base is cleaned up, begin to carry out thin plastering construction, the scraper is first vertically scraped and then transversely scraped, and when the same wall is divided into two constructions, the upper part is constructed first, and the lower part is constructed later. The middle part of the same wall should be completed in the long direction of the wall, and finally the yin and yang corners should be used up, and the anti-crack mortar should be used up within 1 hour, and it should be mixed and wiped.
The mortar is now stirred and used
Mortar laying
Flatten the large surface
Detail finishing
Finished product effect
Plastering measurement
Fourth, quality standards
4.1 Master Items
4.1.1 The dust, dirt, and oil stains on the surface of the base layer should be removed before plastering.
Inspection requirements: The base layer must be inspected and accepted before plastering, and the concealed acceptance record should be filled.
Inspection method: Check the construction record.
4.1.2 The variety and performance of the mortar shall meet the design requirements. Inspection requirements: The retest of materials should be witnessed by the supervisor or the person in charge of the relevant unit, and signed for approval.
Inspection method: check the product qualification certificate, entry acceptance record, retest report and construction record.
4.1.3 Alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth should be pasted at the junction of the aerated block wall and concrete, and the lap width of each side of the mesh cloth should not be less than 100mm.
Inspection requirements: operate in strict accordance with specifications and process standards
Inspection method: Observation, measurement and inspection with a tape measure.
4.2 General Items
4.2.1 The surface quality of general plastering projects shall comply with the following provisions:
The surface of ordinary plastering should be smooth and clean, and the joints should be smooth.
Inspection method: observation, hand mold inspection
4.2.2 The plastering around the corners, holes, slots and boxes should be neat and smooth, and the plastering behind the pipe should have a flat surface.
Inspection requirements: Organize a special person to be responsible for the plastering work behind the holes, slots, boxes, and pipelines, and after plastering, the quality inspection department should inspect and fill in the project acceptance record.
Inspection Method: Observation.
4.2.3 The total thickness of the plaster shall meet the design requirements.
Inspection method: During construction, it is necessary to operate in strict accordance with the requirements of the construction process.
Inspection method: Check the construction record.
4.2.4 The allowable deviation and inspection methods of the quality of masonry and plastering works shall comply with the provisions of the following table
Allowable deviations and inspection methods for masonry
| item | project | allow deviation | Inspection way |
| 1 | walls Perpendicularity | 0.5mm | I use a 2m ruler examine |
| 2 | surface Flatness | 0.5mm | I use a 2m ruler and feeler gauge inspection |
| 3 | Yin and yang The corners are square | 0.1mm | Inspect with an infrared laser (with the short side as the principal side) |
The allowable error of plastering
| item | project | allow deviation | Inspection way |
| 1 | walls Perpendicularity | 0.4mm | I use a 2m ruler examine |
| 2 | surface Flatness | 0.4mm | I use a 2m ruler and feeler gauge inspection |
| 3 | Yin and yang The corners are square | 0.4mm | With corner calipers (with short side principal side) |
5. Actual measurement
5.1 Wall surface flatness (plastering)
5.1.1 Index description: reflect the flatness of the surface of the plastered wall within the range of floor height.
5.1.2 Eligibility criteria: [0,4]mm
5.1.3 Measuring tools: 2 meter ruler, wedge feeler gauge
5.1.4 Measurement methods and data recording:
(1) Each wall is used as a measurement area, and the cumulative measured area is 15;
(2) When the length of the wall is less than 3 meters, among the 4 corners of the top and root of the same wall, select the upper left and lower right 2 corners to be measured at a 45-degree angle obliquely placed on the ruler for 1 time, and the baseboard position is measured horizontally for 1 time;
(3) When the length of the wall is greater than 3 meters, in the same wall 4 corners of any two directions to measure 1 time, in the direction of the length of the wall at any position to increase 2 times of horizontal measurement, in the position of the baseboard level of the horizontal measurement of 2 times; the selected measurement area of the wall priority has doors, windows, aisle openings, in each hole 45 degrees oblique measurement of two feet, remember a calculation point, the value of the two feet in the larger deviation value, both sides of the hole vertical measurement once; the sun terrace part of the wall must be selected; the above measured value as the pass rate of 1 calculation point.
5.1.5 Examples:
5.2 Wall Verticality (Plastering)
5.2.1 Index description: reflect the degree of verticality of the plastering wall in the range of floor height.
5.2.2 Qualification criteria: [0,4]mm
5.2.3 Measuring tool: 2 meters ruler
5.2.4 Measurement Method:
(1) Each wall is used as a measurement area, and the cumulative measured area is 20 measured areas;
(2) when the length of the wall is less than 3 meters, the same wall is about 30cm from the vertical yin and yang angles of both ends, and is measured twice according to the following principles: one is to measure the verticality once when the top of the ruler touches the position of the upper concrete roof, and the other is to measure the verticality once when the bottom end of the ruler touches the position of the lower ground;
(3) When the length of the wall is greater than 3 meters, the same wall is about 30cm away from the vertical yin and yang angle of both ends and the middle position of the wall, which is measured 3 times according to the following principles: one is to measure the verticality once when the top of the ruler touches the position of the upper concrete roof, the second is to measure the verticality once when the bottom end of the ruler touches the position of the lower ground, and the third is to measure the verticality once when the ruler is basically centered in the height direction in the middle position of the wall length; The wall of the balcony must be selected.
5.2.5 Examples:
5.3 Square Corners (Plastering)
5.3.1 Index description: reflect the degree of square yin and yang corners of the plastering wall in the range of floor height.
5.3.2 Qualification standard: [0,4]mm
5.3.3 Measuring tool: 250x500mm yin and yang angle ruler
5.3.4 Measurement methods:
(1) Each household selects 4 yin and yang angles that have a greater impact on the perception for measurement (if the yang angle does not have the measured conditions, it can be replaced by the yin angle), and the part of the furniture is preferred, and the yin and yang angles of the bay window should be included in the sampling range, and each yin angle or yang angle is used as 1 measured area, and the cumulative measured area is 20 measurement areas;
(2) Select two points (the distance between the two points is not less than 50cm) and measure them once in the same part. The yin and yang angles of the baseboard must be measured. During the measurement, a 50cm angle ruler is used for measurement, the short side of the angle ruler is close to the wall, and the maximum gap between the long side of the corner ruler and the wall is measured with a feeler gauge to obtain a measured value. The 2 measured values are used as 1 calculation point to judge the pass rate of the measured index.
5.3.5 Examples:
5.4 Orthodoxy (plastering)
5.4.1 Index description: Considering the operability of the actual measurement, the deviation of the distance between the wall of the same vertical plane in the same room and the control line of the room squareness is selected as the measured index to comprehensively reflect the squareness of the same room.
5.4.2 Qualification standard: [0,10]mm
5.4.3 Measuring tools: 5 meters steel tape measure, laser leveling
5.4.4 Measurement methods and data recording:
(1) The same wall is used as 1 measured area, and the cumulative measured area is 10;
(2) A square control baseline must be set up on the same floor of each suite (set as long as possible to reduce the introduction error), and each measurement area (i.e., each room) on the same floor of the same suite must adopt this square control baseline, and then use this as a benchmark to introduce to each measurement area (i.e., each room);
(3) Before masonry, the squareness control line pops up within 30-60cm from the wall, and is clearly marked and protected;
(4) In the same survey area, before the actual measurement, it is necessary to use a 5-meter tape measure or laser leveler to check the two squareness control lines that pop up, and check them based on the short side wall, and use the laser leveler to hit the cross line or hanging line after the error, and measure the distance between the three positions (both ends and the middle) and the control line along the direction of the long side wall respectively (the range of the long side exceeding 2 times the length of the short side is not within the measured range). The range difference between the three measured values was selected as one calculation point to judge the pass rate of the measured index. If the suite does not have a square baseline or the deviation exceeds 5mm/2m, the measured value of all measurement areas in the suite will be counted as unqualified and recorded as "50mm".
5.4.5 Examples:
5.5 Dimensional deviation of the door opening
5.5.1 Index description: reflect the degree of deviation between the measured value of the indoor door opening size and the design value, and avoid the phenomenon of excessive deviation of the door opening size and "large and small heads".
5.5.2 Qualification criteria: height deviation [0,15]mm, width deviation [0,20]mm, wall thickness deviation [-5,10]mm.
5.5.3 Measuring tools: 5 meters steel tape measure, laser rangefinder
5.5.4 Measurement Methods:
(1) Each indoor door opening is used as 1 measurement area, with a total of 15 measured areas, 30 detection points for the height of the door opening, net width, and wall thickness, a total of 90 detection points and 45 calculation points.
(2) Before the actual measurement, it is necessary to understand the size of the door opening of each room in the selected suite. Before the measurement, the side of the indoor door opening needs to complete the plastering and ground screeding construction to ensure the accuracy of the measured value.
(3) It is best to measure the size of the same indoor door opening twice along the width and height after the construction of the ground leveling layer. If the ground screed layer is not done, the height of the indoor door opening is measured and calculated from the one-meter elevation line on the site twice. The maximum value of the deviation between the two measured values and the design value of the height is taken as one measured value of the height deviation, the maximum value of the deviation between the two measured values of the width and the design value is taken as the one measured value of the width deviation, and the maximum value of the deviation between the two measured values and the design value is taken as the one measured value of the deviation of the wall thickness. If any of the three measured values of the height, net width and wall thickness of each door opening exceed the evaluation criteria, the three measured values are unqualified.
5.5.5 Examples:
5.6 The thickness of the inner wall of the exterior window is extremely poor
5.6.1 Index description: reflect the degree of deviation of the thickness of the inner wall of the external window, avoid the phenomenon of large and small heads, and affect the perception of delivery.
5.6.2 Qualification criteria: [0,4]mm
5.6.3 Measuring tool: 5 m steel tape measure
5.6.4 Measurement methods and data recording:
(1) Any exterior window is used as a measured area, and the cumulative measured area is 10;
(2) During the actual measurement, the exterior wall and window frame and other measurement parts need to be plastered or decorated;
(3) For the inner wall (plastering finish surface) of all exterior window frames indoors, measure the wall thickness B1 and B2 twice in the middle of the side of the window frame and measure the wall thickness B3 once at the end position along the vertical window frame as far as possible. The extreme difference between these three measured values is used as one calculation point to judge the pass rate of the measured index.
5.6.5 Example:
5.7 Extremely poor bay/depth
5.7.1 Index description: select the extreme difference between the dimensions of the two ends of the bay and depth in the same room to avoid the phenomenon of large and small heads.
5.7.2 Qualification standard: [0,10]mm
5.7.3 Measuring tool: laser rangefinder
5.7.4 Measurement methods and data recording:
(1) Choose a room and any kitchen and bathroom for the same household. The opening and depth of each functional room are respectively used as 1 measured area, and the cumulative measured area is 20 measured areas of 10 functional rooms;
(2) In the same measured area, the distance between the two ends of the wall is measured in the direction of the bay (depth), and two measured values are obtained respectively, and the deviation between the two measured values is compared.
5.7.5 Examples
6. Finished product protection measures
6.1 Before plastering, the gap between the door, window and the wall must be plugged and compacted according to the process requirements, and the plastic steel or metal doors and windows should be protected by film.
6.2 After the plastering is completed, the wall, doors and windows should be cleaned and protected, and the original protective layer of the doors and windows should be repaired in time if they are damaged to ensure that they are complete until the completion of the inspection.
6.3 During the construction process, special care should be taken when handling materials, machinery and tools and using small trolleys to prevent bumping and scratching walls, doors, windows, etc. In the later stage, construction operators are strictly forbidden to step on doors, windows, and window sills to prevent damage to edges and corners.
6.4 Protective measures should be taken for the embedded parts, trunking, boxes, ventilation grates, and reserved holes on the wall during plastering to prevent the mortar from leaking or blocking during construction.
6.5 Be extra careful when moving the high stool, handle it gently, and stack it neatly so as not to damage doors, windows, walls or edges.
6.6 When the plastering layer is not fully set and hardened, prevent quick drying, water washing, impact, vibration and extrusion, so as to protect the ash layer from damage and have sufficient strength.
7. Safe and civilized construction measures
7.1 operation shelf: indoor stools are commonly used, when laying shelf boards on the stool should not be less than two, stools should be stable, the spacing should not exceed 2m, when using herringbone ladders, the ladder feet should be provided with non-slip rubber pads and safety chains, when the ladder moves, personnel must come down, it is strictly forbidden to step on stilts or move the ladder, when the floor height exceeds 3.6m, the shelf or movable shelf should be erected by the shelf worker.
7.2 Indoor work should be well ventilated.
7.3 For night operations, low-voltage running lights should be used for lighting, rubber cables without joints, and gate knives and plug-in plates should not be dragged on the ground at will.
7.4 Operators carefully use safety protective equipment, such as work clothes, gloves, masks, goggles, etc. Operators are not allowed to wear hard-soled shoes, high heels, and slippers.
7.5 The sewage from the cleaning machine shall be dumped and discharged in the designated place, and shall not be dumped at will.
7.6 When entering the site, you should wear a safety helmet, dress uniformly, abide by the rules and regulations of the project department, obey the command of the foreman, and complete the work in strict accordance with the disclosure.
7.7 At any time, the site is cleared.
8. Precautions
8.1 Indoor, public parts, fire stairwells, wall plastering thickness is required to be ≤5mm.
8.2 During the construction of the structure, the part that is connected with the masonry should be reserved for the pressing groove of 100mm (width) ×8~10mm (depth) for hanging net (specification 160g/m2 glass fiber mesh) when plastering.
8.3 The plastering on both sides of the punch bar must be compacted and compacted, leaving no cavity bubbles.
8.4 The plastering base layer of the baseboard should be cleaned carefully, and the action of the plastering surface should be slow when it is closed, so as to prevent the hollowing caused by the scraping ruler bringing up the ash.
8.5 When closing the edge of aluminum alloy, entrance door and fire door, the frame needs to be pressed 5mm.
Source: Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author.
It is only for communication and learning, if there is any infringement, please contact the author to delete