Du Xianyan ranked first among the poets of the early Tang Dynasty in terms of poetry rhythm, and he made great contributions to the stereotype of the five laws. The reason why his metrical poems can achieve such a high level of achievement is not only closely related to the big social factor - the court, but also inseparable from his own efforts.
"In the second half of Wu Zetian's period, (the vast number of literati) sought innovation, trying to break the tradition of aristocratic literature, and using new forms to express the content of the new era and their own thoughts and feelings...... Although there are many factors that contribute to these changes.
And the political revolution is undoubtedly the first of all factors". Because of the political changes, literature has taken on a new form of expression. And because literature and politics are connected, literati occupy a certain position in the official career by virtue of their own talents.
Du Xianyan is a typical example. He impressed the rulers with his poetry. In the old and new Tang books and other historical materials, it is recorded that Du Xianyan was pleased with the Empress Wu because of his "joyful poems". Poetry can be exchanged for fame and fortune, which greatly stimulates the poet's creation.
And Empress Wu and Zhongzong prefer gorgeous poetry. "If there is something good at the top, the next must follow it", in Du Xianyan's poetry collection, you can find twelve poems related to the court, all of which are neat, elegant and exquisite works, with a strong shadow of court poetry.
Studying Du Xunyan's achievements in poetry rhythm, the achievements in "arrangement" cannot be ignored. "The one who rehearses the law, Tang Xingshi has this body, and uses this law to test the scholars", which is used to test the jinshi. In many court singing and activities, the ruler organized a large-scale banquet and drinking party, wrote poems on the spot, and competed with each other.
Du Xianyan's long arrangement includes seven poems, including "He Li Dafu Heizhen Envoy Cun Fu Hedong", "Gift Cui Rong Twenty Rhymes", and "Du Shimen Mountain". The most famous are the 40-rhyme "He Li Dafu Zhen Feng Envoy Cun Fu Hedong" and the 20-rhyme "Gift to Cui Rong". Many critics throughout the ages have commented on these two poems.
For example, "in the early Tang Dynasty, forty rhymes and only Du reviewed the words "Sent to Dr. Li", which is actually from the Shaoling family law. Youyun's "Gift Su Taste" is "a generation of generous strokes, the right eye." "Du Xianyan's rhythm is not only magnificent, but also neat and harmonious. In the early Tang Dynasty, when the poetry was initially finalized, it can be said that the achievements were extremely high.
As a court literati, two of Du Xunyan's few surviving poems were should be poems, and it is conceivable that the poet, like many literati at that time, was stimulated by the court and devoted himself to the creation of this poetic genre.
Mr. Wu Xiangzhou believes that "the center of the early Tang Dynasty's discussion of poetry and rhythm was in the imperial court, and the center of poetry creation was also in the imperial court, and the people who studied sound rhythm were also the main authors of poetry creation."
Due to the emperor's advocacy, singing, dancing and singing became an important part of social gatherings, celebrations, and entertainment occasions...... It was in such a context that the poets of the early Tang Dynasty discussed the rhythm of near-body sound."
The court of the early Tang Dynasty played a great role in the study of sound rhythm. Its main manifestation is the emperor-centered banquet and poetry, and the emperor's cultivation of vocal and rhythmic talents. First of all, in the early Tang Dynasty, the court banquet and poems inspired the poet's creation.
Among the 43 extant poems by Du Xianyan, seven poems such as "The Banquet of the Obscure Sun" and "Hu Cong's Departure from Chang'an should be systematic" are works of this kind of theme. These poems are all rhythmic, neat, and the language is gorgeous and solemn, which is a typical work of Fenghe and responsiveness.
Secondly, the emperor's cultivation of vocal and rhythmic talents promoted the creation of poets. Several emperors in the early Tang Dynasty adopted certain cultural policies.
During the period of Empress Wu and Zhongzong, when Du Xianyan was active, these two monarchs attached great importance to literature and appreciated literary scholars.
As one of the members of the "Four Friends of Articles", Du Xunyan composed poems and sang harmony with the literati at that time, and warmly exchanged and discussed vocal and rhythmic skills, which promoted the improvement of the level of poetry creation.
Combined with Du Xianyan's life experience, it can be seen that he was admitted to the Jinshi at the age of 24, but did not directly enter the Central Committee, but served as the captain of Xicheng, which has a certain gap with the poet's ideals.
Like many unsuccessful literati, Du Xunyan expressed his emotions into his poetic works. According to research, only one poem "Jingxing Lanzhou" exists in the works of this period: "Spring is late in the north, and the climate in the border city is cold.
The flowers do not come and go, and the old and new snow are still left. Listen to the water as a piano, and look at the mountain in the painting. Self-frightened and far-reaching, hardships and dangers promote the saddle. "The style of the poems is fresh and natural, the rhythm is rigorous, and the artistic conception is integrated.
This poem alone shows that as early as Gao Zongchao, Du Xianyan has mastered the skills of poetry rhythm. In the period when the five laws have not yet been completely finalized, Du Xianyan can reach this height, which must be inseparable from the poet's own efforts.
In addition, Du Xianyan's poems have all kinds of forms, and they are all proficient works. His grandson Du Fu's comment in "Eight Mourning Poems": "For example, when it comes to my family poems, I sweep away the atmosphere." Generous heirs are genuine, consulting Yushan Gui. The bell is hanging high, and the whale is squirting. ”
Du Xunyan can skillfully use poetic language, accurately grasp poetic imagery, and achieve a strong poetic realm under the strict restrictions of poetry rhythm, which naturally requires profound talent and learning skills.
Du Xianyan is also good at using other people's poems, and can skillfully combine poems with his own unique experience, integrating rhythm and poetic conception, not only the strict norms of the rhythm, but also the embellishment of wonderful words.
For example, "Chu Mountain Horizontal Land Out" and Liang Jianwen Emperor's "Eternal Horizontal Land Risk"; Du Zhi's "Han Water Connects the Heavens" and Zuo Si's "Shu Du Fu" "Flowing Han Tang Soup, Thunder and Waves, Looking at the Sky Gray, That is, the Clouds are Dusk"; Du Zhi's "Plum Willow Crossing the River Spring" and Wu Jun's "Where does spring come from, the water is shocking the plum" and other poems have the same effect.
Du Xunyan broke through the limitations of the original sentence structure and meaning, and the condensation of the ingenious poetic conception is naturally the result of the poet's study of poetry and reading poetry books.
