Cai Hesen was one of the important leaders of China's early communist movement, and his resume is full of dedication and dedication to the revolutionary cause. The following are the main biographies of Cai Hesen:
1. Early experience: Cai Hesen, whose name is Runhuan, was born in Shanghai in 1895 in Shuangfeng, Hunan. At the age of 13, he began his apprenticeship at Yongfeng Cai Guangxiang Hot Sauce Shop. In 1913, Cai Hesen was admitted to the Hunan Provincial No. 1 Normal School, during which he became classmates with Mao Zedong and began common revolutionary activities.
2. Organizing the Xinmin Society and the Xiangjiang Review: In April 1918, Cai Hesen, Mao Zedong and others organized the Xinmin Society and founded the Xiangjiang Review, which was an important activity for them to spread new ideas and explore revolutionary truths.
3. Work-study in France: In December 1919, Cai Hesen went to France for work-study. During his time in France, he delved into books on Marxism-Leninism and the Russian Revolution and put forward the idea of establishing the Communist Party of China. He also actively participated in the movement of work-study students studying in France, and together with Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan and others, he organized the early organization of the Communist Party of China in Europe.
4. Joining the Communist Party of China: In December 1921, Cai Hesen joined the Communist Party of China shortly after returning to China and engaged in theoretical propaganda work in the central organs.
5. Party leadership: In July 1922, at the Second National Congress of the Party, Cai Hesen was elected as a member of the Central Committee and was responsible for the Party's propaganda work. During the May Day Movement in 1925, he demonstrated outstanding leadership skills and grew into an outstanding leader of the masses.
6. Member of the Politburo and Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee: In May 1927, Cai Hesen was elected as a member of the Politburo and Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee at the First Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and concurrently served as the Secretary-General of the CPC Central Committee. At the 87th Party Congress, he supported Mao Zedong's correct views and played an important role in establishing the general policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries.
7. The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and its follow-up: In 1928, at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Cai Hesen summed up the lessons and lessons of the early stage of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, and was elected as a member of the Political Bureau and Standing Committee of the Central Committee, and concurrently served as the head of the Central Propaganda Department.
8. Arrest and Sacrifice: In 1931, Cai Hesen was unfortunately arrested when he went to Hong Kong to guide the revolutionary work in Guangdong. In prison, he fought tenaciously until he died heroically and his life was fixed at the age of 36.
Cai Hesen's life was a life of unremitting struggle for the establishment and development of the Communist Party of China and for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people. His theories and practical activities have had a profound impact on the formation and development of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong once commented: "What a Communist Party member should do, Comrade Hesen has done." Cai Hesen's deeds and spirit are still an example for Chinese Communists to learn from.
The Xiangjiang Review is a publication of great significance in modern Chinese history, founded by Mao Zedong in Changsha, Hunan Province in 1919. Although this journal only existed for a little more than a month, it had a far-reaching impact at the time and was regarded as one of the most outstanding revolutionary publications of the May Fourth period. The following is a detailed introduction from the Xiangjiang Review:
### Background of the journal
In 1919, after the end of World War I, China's diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference sparked strong domestic discontent and protests, a series of events known as the May Fourth Movement. Against this historical background, Mao Zedong believed that Hunan urgently needed a publication that could raise the political consciousness of the masses and consolidate revolutionary enthusiasm in order to promote the in-depth development of the movement. Therefore, he decided to start the Xiangjiang Review.
### Purpose of the journal
With the aim of "discussing current affairs and publicizing the latest trends of thought," the Xiangjiang Review aims to report and comment on the latest revolutionary situation at home and abroad, publish articles full of revolutionary passion and critical spirit, introduce the latest ideas on politics and education, and attack the aggressive nature and decadent nature of imperialism to the point.
### Main content
- **Current Affairs Commentary**: Pay attention to major events at home and abroad, such as the strike movements of Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy and other countries, expose the aggressive nature of the imperialist powers, and call on the people to persist in the struggle.
- **Propaganda of the revolutionary spirit**: Enthusiastically eulogizing the great victory of the October Socialist Revolution in Russia and its significance, propagating Marxism, and criticizing the reactionaries' slander of the October Revolution.
- **Advocating Democracy and Science**: Opposing feudal autocracy and backward ideas, advocating democracy and science, and promoting social progress.
- **Call for the Great Union of the People**: Emphasize the power of the people's unity, respect the historical role of the people, and advocate the unity and struggle of people from all walks of life.
### Influence & Significance
- **Inspiring Youth**: The Xiangjiang Review has greatly inspired young people and students, and has guided a large number of young people to devote themselves to the cause of national salvation.
- **Propagating the concept of democracy and science**: It has promoted the spread of democracy and the spirit of science, and promoted the spread of advanced culture in China.
- **Demonstrate the awareness of equality and freedom**: Advocate equality among all ethnic groups and people of all colors, and enhance the awareness of Chinese people on equality and freedom.
- **Carry forward the spirit of patriotism and professionalism**: Mao Zedong demonstrated his patriotic ideas and professionalism through the Xiangjiang Review, which had a profound impact on later revolutionary activities.
### Issuance and seizure
From its founding to its seizure by reactionary warlords, although it only published four main issues and one temporary supplement, its influence was enormous. After its release, the publication quickly spread to the whole province of Hunan, and then to Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Shanghai and other big cities. Although it existed for a short time, its profound arguments and its fearless spirit of thoroughly opposing imperialism and feudalism influenced a large number of young people to devote themselves to the cause of national salvation.
The Xiangjiang Review is not only an important embodiment of Mao Zedong's personal ideological process, but also a landmark publication in modern Chinese history. The ideas and spirit advocated by it still have important enlightenment and reference significance for the construction of China's socialist core value system and the construction of socialist political and spiritual civilization.
During his work-study stay in France, Cai Hesen went to France with a number of figures who later had an important impact on the history of the Chinese revolution. Some of the well-known co-workers include:
1. Chen Yi: Later became a marshal of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, a politician and military strategist in New China.
2. Xiang Jingyu: Cai Hesen's wife, an early female revolutionary of the Communist Party of China and a pioneer of the women's movement.
3. Zhou Enlai: Later became the premier of the People's Republic of China and one of the important leaders of the Communist Party of China.
4. Deng Xiaoping: Later became the main leader of the Communist Party of China and the chief architect of reform and opening up.
5. Li Weihan: One of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China, he participated in the founding of the Communist Party of China.
6. Li Fuchun: One of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China, a former member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee.
7. Wang Ruofei: One of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China and a former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
During their work-study period in France, these figures not only learned advanced science, technology and management knowledge, but more importantly, they came into contact with and studied Marxist theory and participated in revolutionary practice, which had a profound impact on their later political careers and China's revolutionary cause. The work-study movement in France is not only an educational movement, but also a profound social practice and revolutionary preparation activity, which has cultivated a large number of outstanding leaders and revolutionaries for the Chinese revolution.
Cai Hesen's wife is Xiang Jingyu, formerly known as Xiang Junxian, who was born in 1895 in a Tujia family in Lipu County, Hunan. Xiang Jingyu is a pioneer and leader of the Chinese women's movement, one of the founders and early leaders of the Communist Party of China, an outstanding communist fighter, and a loyal proletarian revolutionary.
Xiang Jingyu was admitted to the Hunan Provincial No. 1 Girls' Normal School in 1912, and two years later transferred to Zhounan Girls' School, where she met Cai Chang and through her Cai Hesen and Mao Zedong. In 1919, Xiang Jingyu joined the Xinmin Society and went to France to work and study with Cai Hesen. During her stay in France, she diligently studied Marxist classics, actively participated in the practice of the workers' movement, rapidly grew from a radical democrat to a communist fighter, and firmly supported Cai Hesen's idea of party building and actively participated in the work of party building. In 1920, Xiang Jingyu and Cai Hesen held a wedding in Montani, France.
After returning to China, Xiang joined the Communist Party of China in 1922 and worked in the Women's Department of the Party Central Committee, publishing articles on the women's liberation movement, training a large number of women's cadres, and making indelible contributions to the history of the women's liberation movement. In 1924, Xiang Jingyu led the general strike of the Zhabei Silk Factory and the Nanyang Tobacco Factory in Shanghai.
In October 1925, Xiang went to Moscow to study at the Communist University of Eastern Workers. After returning to China in 1927, he worked in the Propaganda Department of the Hankou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, she voluntarily stayed in Wuhan and persisted in the underground struggle.
On March 20, 1928, Xiang Jingyu was arrested for betrayal as a traitor. In prison, the enemy tried all their tricks, but could not shake her revolutionary will. On May 1, she strode forward and generously died at the Kongping Execution Ground in Yujili at the age of 33. After hearing the news, Cai Hesen wrote "A Biography to Comrade Gongyu," in which he said: "The great policeman, the heroic policeman, you are not dead, you will never die! You are not Hesen's personal lover, you are the eternal lover of the Chinese proletariat!"
Xiang Jingyu's thoughts and deeds made significant contributions to the formation of the ideology and theory of the Communist Party of China, especially the formation of the theory of women's emancipation, and also established her position as an early leader in the Communist Party of China. Her life was a life of struggle for the emancipation of women, the emancipation of the working masses, and the cause of communism.