Fat and strong material | Evaluate Davin Hamm's work this season in a rational and objective manner
Coach evaluation, in my opinion, is the most difficult category of all basketball analysis.
Friends who are interested in basketball analysis should be able to find that whether it is Chinese or foreign, you can find many ball reviewers who write game analysis and player analysis, but no one is doing coach evaluation - there is really none, even top gods such as Bill Simmons, Hollinger, and Paterno, they never do "coach evaluation".
The reason is simple: coach evaluation is a seemingly simple but actually complex matter.
There are two simple ways to assess:
The first is to look at the results, and the second is to look at the actual perception.
The record is easy to understand:
The NBA is a business league, so records are far more important to their coaching evaluation system than high school and college.
Whether a manager can lead the team to perform the expected results is often the main basis for judging whether the coach is good or not, and even the management's decision to stay or not.
(Of course, not all teams value their regular-season records, such as the Miami Heat and Spoelstra, and while we've known in recent years that the Heat don't play well every year, Spo is still recognized as the league's top coach and has earned the trust of management.) ）
But of course, when assessing the results, we also need to pay attention to whether the team has suffered injuries and whether the team has other goals besides the results.
An extreme negative example of the former is the Kings in the 13-14 season, they hired the current Nuggets coach Mike Malone, Malone led the team to a 5-1 record at the beginning, and brought a lot of improvements to the team's defense, which was deeply loved by the players, but later, because Cousins was absent due to viral meningitis, and the Kings only scored 2-7 in the games he was absent, the management very bizarre quickly lost patience with Malone and fired Coach Malone - At that time, many Kings fans expressed their dissatisfaction and vindicated Coach Malone, and later Malone's coaching performance with the Nuggets did prove that the Kings made a hasty decision back then.
The latter example is Spoelstra, because the team and Spoy have reached a certain agreement: for example, the playoffs are their time, and in the regular season, for example, they want Spoelstra to maximize the potential of their players, rather than putting results first.
So sometimes, the record is not necessarily the "truth" to evaluate the quality of coaching.
Far from it, let's talk about the Lakers themselves, after the 21-22 season, they fired Frank Vogel because Vogel failed to lead the Big Three Lakers to success - but in fact, the real reason for the Lakers' failure was not Frank Vogel, but the team's serious aging and lack of defensive resources, including the "supergiant self-esteem" that Wei Shao couldn't let go of at that time.
Therefore, I think the "performance evaluation" can only be seen as a general direction, macro thing - the Lakers have certainly not met everyone's performance expectations this season. But we can't ignore that the Lakers are a team that satisfies both of the distractions I mentioned earlier — they have suffered serious injuries, and the team has two equally important goals in addition to their record: one is to keep James healthy during the regular season, and the other is to work on Reaves as much as possible to develop him into a better player.
In this case, at present, the Lakers are 38-32 this season, with a winning rate of 54.3%, which is higher than their winning rate last season, in fact, it is not so bad in my opinion - that is, as I said in my official account article two days ago, I think the reason for the Lakers' poor performance in the regular season this season is that the injury factor is greater than the coach factor.
And the perception of the scene is more complicated.
It can include: the team's style and system, the team's tactics and strategy, the selection of rotations, the timing of timeouts, whether the on-the-spot adjustments are effective enough, the success rate of the ATO, and many other aspects.
Next, we will analyze each of these aspects for you one by one.
But I also want to say that in fact, what we can see and analyze is only the tip of the iceberg of coaching, and there is still 95% of coaching's work that is "hidden under the surface" that we can't see.
In 2001, an author named Sidney Goldstein mentioned in the article "Basketball Coach Ratings":
He believes that of the 3 ways to evaluate coaches, on-the-spot command ability is the least important, because coaches usually plan strategies in advance rather than inventing them during the game.
More important than on-the-spot command is the coach's ability to teach – how much have the players improved under his coaching, and have they improved enough in their movements, passing, decision-making, shooting, free throws, and their signature skills?
The second is the "basketball philosophy" - what is the key to winning, and can you find the team's style as a coach and establish the team's winning logic?
Both of these are important above the command on the spot.
Then, we also need to note that as "outsiders", our approach to observing the work of coaches can only be one-sided and inaccurate through the game:
For example, the style and strategy of a team - its success or failure, is the key to the coach or the team's key players?
For example, the success or failure of a tactic – is it because the tactic itself is not reasonable, or is it because the player has not executed the tactic well?
For example, when a player plays well – is it the coach's credit or his personal credit?
Or when a player plays poorly – is it the coach's problem, or is it his personal problem?
These are issues that are difficult to define because we don't have a comprehensive view of the team's strategy and the coach's coaching process.
We can't see everything the team is doing in training, we can't know how the players are performing in training – a lot of times, coaches value a player or a tactic more than they do on the field. This often leads to "disagreements" between the audience and the coach on the rotation and tactical arrangement - but not necessarily, we are necessarily more correct than the coach.
At the end of the day, many of the ways we evaluate coaches can only be "consequential".
One minute on the stage, ten years of work off the stage - the part that can be seen is less on the one hand;
On the other hand, the game is done by 12 players and the entire coaching staff – but for now, we need to put most of the decisions down to the manager.
Of course, I'm not saying that evaluating coaches is meaningless, but I just want to look at this assessment more objectively and rationally - if you think that what I said is right, or if it turns out that I am right, then I hope you can pay more attention to me, and if you think what I said is wrong, or if it turns out that I am not right - I also hope that everyone understands.
It's one thing to see too little in the fog, but on the other hand, people are constantly improving – who would have thought 10 years ago that Bread Mike Brown would become the league's top offensive coach?
System perspective
What is Hamm's offensive and defensive system? Is there a satisfactory system in place?
Let's start with the characteristics of Hamm's offensive system that I have observed.
First of all, while we say that Ham is a "defensive coach" and his best at it may be on the defensive end, when Ham first came to the Lakers, what impressed the team was his level of strategy and strategy, which was Xs and Os — which was explicitly mentioned in the interview at the time.
Ham's offensive system may not be as subtle as Cole or Spoelstra, but he has his own set of things that he emphasizes:
For example, in fact, Ham's emphasis on court space and positional sense is far underestimated by everyone, and in the Lakers' two seasons, whether it is in terms of offseason recruitment, or the priority of rotation positions - and even from the fact that he has been asking Davis to shoot more three-pointers and want to play 5-out, we can see how much Ham values "court space".
In practice, we saw that in his first season with the team, Ham framed areas of the pitch with blue tape – a way he told the players where to move or shoot in which areas would be beneficial to the team's offense – and he was very focused on creating a "sense of position" on the pitch for the players.
In this year's training, although we didn't see those blue boxes again, we can still see Hamm's emphasis on "positional sense" from Reddish's positioning, Russell's left-handed tendency, including the fact that Hachimura's offense is now mostly launched from the left side of the court.
I think at the end of the season, the Lakers showed us the success of their offensive system:
Although the Lakers don't have as much off-ball running and off-ball screen tactics as the Heat, Nuggets, or Warriors. But they showed that they can play a fluid offense with excellent court space, relying on a variety of pick-and-roll tactics and high-low ball holdings:
Almost everyone in the Lakers will participate in the blocking and pick-and-roll strategy, in addition to James Mei and Larry, including Hachimura, Prince and even Christie, of course, the blocking and pick-and-roll methods are not limited to single-block downdraft or single-block pick-and-roll - there are also ladder screens, Spanish pick-and-rolls, ghost screens and other tactics, they use pick-and-roll to tear the defense from the middle, so as to attract the opponent's defense, and create opportunities for the pitcher waiting on the outside or the teammate who cuts in.
The Lakers actually performed well in the low post and air cut tactics, they are third in the league in back single scoring, eleventh in the league in elbow touches, and ninth in the league in air cut scoring, Davis, James, and Hachimura can all be the executors of low post tactics, and air cutting is something that the whole team is emphasizing - we often see the Lakers score through these tactics combined with size advantages.
Hamm's game plan is actually very "targeted":
For example, Hachimura's recent emphasis on the opponent's third-height attack, such as Russell's left attack on some inexperienced opponents, such as the emphasis on the offensive frame when the opponent lacks rim protection - in the victory over the Bucks, Ham put the main attack on Russell and asked him to take over the game, and finally Russell broke through the Bucks' defense with three-pointers and throws, and against the Pacers, the Lakers can penetrate the opponent's restricted area every time, which is a good example.
The above is the "good side" of Ham, or the Lakers, in the offensive system.
From that perspective, I don't think Ham is the worst offensive coach in the league in terms of system building — maybe not his specialty, but to give you that example — compared to my impression of Bread Brown a decade ago, Ham may have been a little worse at commanding on the floor, but the offensive system is at least remarkable.
Next, let's talk about the "bad side".
Although we say that Hamm finally completed the construction of the offensive system, the speed of the completion of this offensive system is too slow, and we can even say that the construction of this offensive system is mostly carried out "passively":
Russell was in a slump and was forced to develop Davis Response;
Reddish was injured and Reeves was reinstated in the starting line-up;
With Vanderbilt injured, Hachimura really had a steady rotation and began to develop a mismatch offense (in fact, Hachimura's mismatch advantage was reflected in the preseason);
A large part of the organizational problems, including the bench offense and the connection end, are also solved by Dinwiddie's base salary;
And Christian Wood, as a very strong offensive player, and has also played a good performance in stages, but has never really integrated into the system;
Including the inconsistent time he gave Christie, and the lack of improvement Christie showed throughout the season, these are the things I don't like about Hamm.
At the end of the day, the question is:
In the absence of Schroder this season, Vincent's injury, and Reaves' main control was not as expected, Ham did not take the initiative to realize that the Lakers no longer have the conditions to play last season's "backcourt multi-ball handler blocking and dismantling system" - on the contrary, he repeatedly insisted on this system, and still adhered to the general direction of "defense leads offense", looking forward to relying on Vincent's return, or Vanderbilt's return to improve defense to solve everything, which eventually led to the Lakers' record "boiling frogs" in waiting, and falling up and down.
This exemplifies Hamm's "stubbornness".
He has no way to "teach according to aptitude" according to the Lakers' personnel structure, but tries to apply the successful model of last season to this season's Lakers team that has become completely different due to injuries - this conflict between "coaching philosophy" and team building logic is the main reason for the Lakers' long-term poor record this season.
Let's talk about the defensive system.
Similar to the offensive system, the Lakers' defensive system is also inseparable from specific players — as we all know, Ham studied under Budenholzer, and Budenholzer learned from Popovich. Most of the defensive systems of Spurs coaches have a characteristic, that is, they attach great importance to the role of interior protection in the defensive system:
Duncan and Split during the Spurs' GDP period, Big Lo, Portis, and the three towers of the Budden Bucks, Adams +3J of the Jenkins Grizzlies, Lowe, Horford of the Celtics under Udoka, James 1.0 Cavaliers and Kings under Brown, including Ayton's role in the Monty system, Kessler's role in the Hardy system, and so on.
It can be seen that almost every coach of the Spurs department pays attention to the protection of the penalty area.
So Anthony Davis is the unquestionable foundation of the Lakers' defensive system.
Then it is understandable that the Lakers will choose to take a retreat defense more often - because in Ham's basketball philosophy, the protection of the restricted area is likely to come first, and the retreat can maximize Davis's ability to protect the frame and protect the rebound - on the one hand, to play to Davis's advantages, on the other hand, it is also to cover up the lack of second height problem of the Lakers today.
So as we all know, in addition to the need for a good frame protector, a good leader is also indispensable, so Hamm's defensive system, frame protection + lead defense is almost a necessary operating condition.
For example:
When Reddish, Vanderbilt and Davis are on the floor at the same time, the Lakers' 100-posing defensive efficiency is 105.9, which is more than 98% of the league's lineup, but if only Davis and no Reddish and Vanderbilt, the Lakers' 100-posing defensive efficiency is 116.4, which is better than the league's 43% lineup.
The importance of the defenders to the Lakers can be seen.
(In fact, just looking at the Lakers' 28th defensive efficiency in the league after the All-Star is enough to say it all)
Of course, the Lakers have also had a lot of delays and joint defenses this season - in fact, the Lakers have been delayed more this season than last season - and the reasons for this, I think, are the relegation of the defenders, and the improvement of the team's overall size - the delay is that Davis helps the guard line, and then fills in through the subsequent rotation (requires size and understanding), and the joint defense is the team as a whole to help Davis (also needs tacit understanding, which usually happens when the opponent shoots poorly, or Davis has foul trouble).
Although it is more dependent on Davis and the lead defender. But I'm actually generally happy with how Ham has built his defensive system — after all, the Lakers were able to see what they did last season (including the playoffs), and this season when Reddish and Vanderbilt are available, the Lakers' defense is pretty good.
In addition to the establishment of the "basic system", the other thing I want to praise on the defensive end is his ability to target opponents.
There have been a lot of games in the past two seasons, and Ham has come up with a dazzling and subtle set-up on the defensive end, repeatedly succeeding in limiting the opposing star:
In the playoffs, the team is constantly changing formations and strategies to limit Curry;
The No. 45 defense against Jokic in the Western Conference is still the best defensive strategy for Jokic;
At the beginning of this season against the Suns, he changed the lineup in the final quarter and used Wood to limit Durant;
Against the Clippers, the "Three Towers of Death" reversed the Clippers;
The strong delay in the midseason + interception in the middle was also praised by Haliburton himself, which was an effective defensive strategy for himself that was imitated by the whole league;
Including some time ago, in the absence of a defender, he successfully limited Alexander with a strong delay......
These are just the tip of the iceberg, Ham has brought us too many surprises in the defensive arrangement in the past two seasons - he is really a coach who is very proficient in defensive layout, and his targeted arrangement of opponents, not only can often choke the opponent's technical weak link, but also under the first arrangement, there is also a second and third arrangement according to the course of the game and the opponent's possible adjustment - often can suddenly change the defensive style and catch the opponent off guard.
In terms of defensive system and strategy, I think Ham is top-notch.
But of course, after the praise, there are also some new "flaws" that have to be mentioned this season.
For example, this season, when the Lakers defend the front of the defense, they sometimes have the problem of over-wing help - this season they have the third-highest three-point shooting frequency in the league, including the fifth-highest three-point shooting frequency in the league for non-bottom corners, and the frequency of three-point shots from the bottom corner has also increased.
And in fact, the shooting percentages of those shots are not low — the opponent's overall three-point shooting rate is 37.7 percent, the corner three-point percentage is 40 percent, and the non-bottom corner three-point shooting percentage is 37 percent — all of which are significantly higher than the league average.
I think this is a significant regression for the Lakers this season compared to last season's defense, which was significantly better than this season's three-point shooting, both in terms of the three-point frequency in the corner and the three-point shooting percentage in each area.
I don't know how much of it has to do with the coach, how much it has to do with the players – after all, we know that Rivers' decline and the absence of lead defenders this season have taken a big toll on the defensive system – and the lead defenders aren't putting enough pressure on the ball carriers, which may be the reason for the over-help?
Rotation angles
From the perspective of rotation, my experience of Hamm's rotation is divided into two aspects:
The gratifying aspect is that he made a lot of imaginative rotation adjustments in the playoffs last season - such as suddenly changing Zhan Mei's playing time to catch the opponent off guard and steal the start and set the tone for the success of the series, such as constantly adjusting the rotation time of players according to the opponent's strategy and even the order to achieve "Tian Ji Horse Race" - which is very groundbreaking.
These "designed" rotations fully show that Ham is not a stubborn coach when it comes to rotation selection, and he has also made several changes to the team's starting lineup this season, including changing the playing time of players to adapt to the team's stage problems and injuries caused by absences.
But on the other hand, there are things about Hamm's rotation that I don't like very well:
1. He doesn't take into account the feelings of the players in the selection of rotations, and sometimes he is too strict or too "cold-blooded" to cause dissatisfaction with the players, such as Russell, Reeves, and Wood this season - this is a thing that reflects the level of coaching, that is, whether you can take into account the interests of the team at the same time, but also take into account the interests of the players and the feelings of the players, which I think Ham has done quite poorly this season, and it can even be said to be the source of his "loss of control" in the locker room. (More on that later)
2. He really doesn't pay much attention to building confidence in his players - it's not what I said, it's Russell saying it - Ham will replace players because of one or two mistakes, or even let them fall out of the rotation, causing players to lose confidence. Even we occasionally saw this scene in the game - a Lakers player was feeling hot and scoring consecutive goals, but was inexplicably substituted by the coach for "other reasons" - which was more obvious at the beginning of the season with Wood and Hachimura.
(And it turned out that Hachimura was able to contribute more when he got more and more consistent playing time.) ）
But as I said at the beginning, what we see doesn't necessarily match what the coach sees, and that's probably the reason for the divergence of views on rotation.
Command angle on the spot
Coaching on the spot is what I think is the worse part of Hamm's coaching. In particular, the aspect of offensive on-the-spot command:
For example, a problem on the offensive end of the Lakers is often impossible to solve on the spot, and it takes several games or even a period of time to solve it - such as the weakness of the first quarter at the beginning of the season, such as the problem of Reaves' offensive attack on the main control end;
Including the ATO tactics, I checked it once at the end of February, and the Lakers' ATO points per game ranked 17th in the league - and compared to the Lakers' ATO points per game in overall offensive efficiency, it was 0.04 points lower - this statistic only ranked 19th in the league.
I don't think it's good enough for a team that has a lot of scoring points, can hold the ball in almost every position, and has absolute offensive powerhouses like James and Davis.
In addition, there is the question of his untimely timeout – a question that was asked by reporters and Hamm replied: "I choose to trust my players – maybe that's his trait as a player-oriented coach, or maybe his preference for sticking to a set game plan, which is part of the coaching style." (Budenholzer, for example, is sometimes a little "rigid" in his defensive arrangement)
But there is another explanation: when the original game plan was not successful, Hamm could not react quickly and find a solution, so he called a timeout and did not know what to say......
Overall, I wouldn't rate Hamm very well for directing on the spot.
Changing room angle
The final dressing room angle is what I've been most dissatisfied with about Hamm this season.
There's a lot of things we don't see in terms of tactics, strategy, and player use, but one thing is clear, and that's that Ham has lost trust in the locker room with the Lakers this season.
The amount of time a player spends with the coach, the amount of time they spend involved in the project, and their knowledge and experience of the project, is nothing we can compare to the critics – we can't see how the coach works, how he communicates, but the players can see it.
If a coach is opposed by a majority of the players in the dressing room, I think that must be a sign that something is wrong with his job.
In the past, Ham was an assistant coach who was only responsible for communicating with a subset of the players — the big framework was laid out by the head coach and 1 other coaching team member — which was a bit like last season, where the Lakers' overall framework didn't change much, and Ham just had to deal with Westbrook.
He's doing a great job.
But when it comes to this season, the team's overall framework changes dramatically, and Ham starts to mess up — although we say the Lakers may have set some difficult "limits" for Ham — such as James needing to rest, Reaves needing workout, and even Russell's mercenary status and Reddish's Fubaoluo player's status may be the parts of Ham that need to be coordinated in the rotation.
But as a result, Ham took the "task", but it was not completed - Russell expressed dissatisfaction with status, Reeves expressed dissatisfaction with status, Wood expressed dissatisfaction with it, and even rookie Lewis expressed dissatisfaction with Hamm - including most importantly, LeBron and Davis, this season did not praise and support the work of the head coach as much as last season.
You know, one of the most important things you do as a coach is to connect with your players – player development is key to any successful team. The importance of communicating with players, helping players to achieve development, and achieving a win-win situation with the team is even far above the development of skills, tactics and strategies on the field.
We've all heard the stories: how Phil Jackson taught Jordan to work as a team from a solitary scoring maniac, how Popovich and Duncan were mentors and friends and helped transform the Spurs dynasty into multiple transformations, how Steve Kerr, after taking over the Warriors, activated Dream Green and the Splash Brothers to build a team that had never made it to the division finals into a four-time crown dynasty, and how Spoelstra turned one undrafted pick after another in Miami into gold, creating miracles in the playoffs time and time again.
Whether the coach is supported and liked by the players is an important, if not the most important, part of any coach's evaluation system – only when there is a foundation of trust and respect between the coach and the players can the team reach its full potential.
And obviously, this season's Ham didn't do it.
When watching the Lakers play this season, you can feel:
The Lakers' team atmosphere is no longer as cheerful and positive as it was in the second half of last season;
Sometimes players don't feel confident on the pitch, or even walk on thin ice, because they know that if they make a mistake or miss a few shots, they will be substituted and they don't know when they will be on again.
No one on the Lakers said they were happy to play for Ham;
It's arguably the worst part of all Ham's job this season — and if he doesn't stay with the Lakers next season, I think that will be the biggest reason as well.
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