"In fact, after the merger of schools, the most bitter people are the people" | The impact of basic education on the life of rural children

*This article is from the special issue of Education in the 21st Century Education Insight in the Context of Demographic Change

Research Interviews | Guo Tingting (Research Director, 21st Century Education Research Institute)

Edit | WANG Shasha(

Research Fellow, Institute of 21st Century Education)

"How can the children in the remote villages go to school after the school merger? The left-behind old man uses a tricycle with a bundle of dry grass in it, and the child sits on the dry grass and puts an old coat or quilt on his head, and the old man drags him to the town for an hour. The mountain roads in Guizhou are winding and dangerous. Early in the morning, especially in winter, you look very sad. ”

"This primary school should have been in 1949, the school serves 3 nearby villages, and currently has a total of 112 students in the preschool, including 35 in the preschool, 77 in grades 1-5, and I was assigned to this school after graduating from the normal school, and there were several schools in the middle, and I returned to this school in 2003, and it has been 20 years. ”

There is no shortage of schools and teachers that have been withdrawn

At the beginning of the school, there were more children. As the number of newborns has decreased, so have the number of students in recent years. On the other hand, there are some outflow students. After all, the common people feel that this is a small village, and that the boarding school in the town will teach better students? Some parents want to send the older ones to study in the town, and take them away with the small ones.

In 2015 we had 10 village schools here, but now there are only 4 together with our schools.

Other towns and villages have been merged if they can be merged, and the more remote rural schools have not been merged. The main reason why our school has not been withdrawn from this geographical location is that the people are unwilling, and they ultimately look at the learning results of the students.

The leaders may still want to withdraw the school, because our school is only 3.5 kilometers from the town, and it's not a very far walk, five or six minutes by car. The other is the so-called "saving teachers". Rural schools are equipped with teachers according to the ratio of teachers to class, generally like other rural schools have 11 people, and our school has only 7 teachers in 5 classes

There is no sixth grade in our school now, it is not a complete primary school but a teaching point, and the slightly better teachers have been transferred.

I think that the school should have vitality and young teachers, so every year I will recruit some trainee teachers and volunteers from the western region to join the teaching team to fill the shortage of teachers.

The school has been able to survive to this day because I have been using external resources, such as asking the Youth League Committee to ask for volunteers from the western part of the school, and then finding some students from colleges and universities to intern, so as to alleviate the serious shortage of teachers. However, volunteers in the western region can serve for two years, and trainee teachers can only serve for half a year. I've been looking for trainee teachers since 2012, but I don't think it's the best way to solve the teacher gap

Coming and going for teachers also has a great impact on students. As a manager, this is also not conducive to development. Some of your ideas and practices were supposed to form a system, and this wave of people just understood it, and then left, and the next group of people came again. The process is painful.

Large class sizes and the attention of students

I have been observing over the years that no matter how we recruit teachers, our general environment is like this, and the speed at which schools are built in the county can never keep up with the speed at which rural people move into the city. The awareness and need of parents is to rush to the city. In a remote county like our western region, there are already four primary schools, all of which have large class sizes. So I'm building a primary school again, and I'm constantly catching up with the schedule. Experts say that "the city is full and the countryside is empty", in fact, the towns and villages are also very full. Class sizes in township schools are generally more than 50. Although we have always said that we want to clean up the large class size, but so many students have to study, and the government does not have the money to solve the problem of so many teachers and not so many staff, so we can only increase the number of classes.

In 2017, the school's sixth grade was moved to the town's central campus. I've been tracking that 95% of my children have dropped their academic performance. For example, when he finished the fifth grade in our school, he scored 80-90 points, and in the sixth grade in the central school, he scored 50-60 points. The score gap is huge, as if we were cheating before. However, our public schools have a unified examination, and we have to exchange teachers to invigilate the exams. The results are also public, so that's why I keep making comparisons. I have also heard a lot of speeches from Professor Yang Dongping before, and he said that only small classes and small schools can carry out individualized education and cultivate children in a targeted manner. Because the large class can't take care of it, both psychologically and academically. For example, some children in our school went to the town for a year, and when they were a year older, they had serious psychological problems, depression and so on. I don't know why I have psychological problems. I'm quite blank on the psychological part. They are good children in elementary school, and we still consciously let the children bear frustration education and labor education, all of which are taken into account, how can there be a problem all of a sudden?

I was surprised that they kept telling me that school was boring. Why is such a sunny child, and there is no change in the family, how can he become like this when he arrives at the Central Primary School?

I just think it's weird.

The future of the school cannot be predicted

In fact, I have been in a state of trepidation all these years. Every year before August, I start to panic, are they going to find a way to demolish us? I can stay here, but the people don't allow it. In other places, I know of a few other towns that are a little more remote, but if you don't give you teachers, students will naturally be lost. You can't do without teachers, no matter how good you are, you can teach at most one class. So it's in disguise, not in a direct way. It's the same as getting stuck in the neck. If you don't give teachers anyway, you can't hold on, or the quality of teaching

The amount was slightly bad, and the students naturally left. If it is a natural loss, it is not that I want to demolish it, you see that you have no students there as the education department, there is a establishment management, they count which school should have how many people, divide the teachers, and after the establishment is approved, the township center school will coordinate it. Missing it anyway, that's your own business. You say you have problems, and he has a lot of problems. In fact, it is a way to use the method of not giving teachers, so that rural schools will slowly lose students.

It is also difficult to run a school now, and schools with more than 100 students are allocated according to the public funds per student, and the school runs the school at 30,000 yuan per semester. I will pay the school water and electricity bills in advance, and I will notify you when the finance has money, and you will report it. Sometimes you can't get a single account in a semester. But the first thing to guarantee you is that water and electricity can still be guaranteed, such as office expenses. I will survive first, and I will ensure my survival first.

and proofread the direct impact on students

In fact, after the merger of schools, the most bitter people are the people.

Anyway, teachers teach everywhere they go, and they all receive that salary. But those children, because they go to the central school in the town, have to leave at 8 o'clock in the morning, and the official start of school is half past 8. In our Guizhou, especially at 8 o'clock in autumn and winter, it is still full of fog, and it is still invisible. What about these children? The old man left behind used a tricycle with a bundle of dead grass in it, and the child sat on the dry grass and put an old coat or quilt on his head, and the old man dragged him to the town. He didn't have a professional means of transportation, just a tricycle, and no canopy, and the mountain roads in Guizhou were all winding and dangerous. Early in the morning, especially in winter, you look very sad. Alas, there is a school in the village, so that the child can walk to study by himself, walking is also a kind of exercise, and in the village the class is not until half past nine, he can at least get some sleep.

Now the "double reduction" has actually increased the burden on the children, because now all subjects have to be opened, all subjects have to be examined, and scores are the only criteria for assessing teachers, and teachers have to pay attention to grades in order to keep their jobs. Children sometimes finish their teacher's homework at 11 or 12 o'clock in the evening, and then get up at 6 o'clock the next morning, make their own breakfast, and then use a tricycle or electric motorcycle to go to town for an hour.

The unexpected impact of the merger

It's okay to go to elementary school, but it's over in junior high school.

So the junior high school teacher is very painful. Most left-behind children stop studying in junior high school. Now we talk about "the whole class is handed over", and it has been like this for the past seven or eight years, the student registration is in school, but I have not officially gone to school, and it may be far away from school, and it has something to do with the fact that those teachers can't take care of it. If we try to persuade those children, they will openly shout, "Teacher, don't force me to study, you will drive me to death."

It's really sad for me to see this. Many fourteen- and fifteen-year-old children don't read books, do men and women say they are in love?

It doesn't seem like I'm in a relationship at that age.

The most important thing in basic education is companionship

My goal is to have fewer left-behind children in the future. I started teaching them career planning classes back in 2012 and teaching them to set ambitious goals. Children who have set lofty ideals from an early age can always walk on the road of studying. This year, there is a graduate student who was admitted to Harbin Institute of Technology, he was very emotional, he said that if it wasn't for the teacher telling us so hard, he said that I must be like most of my peers, maybe my own children are in preschool now. When I see these children, I feel very happy that they have influenced many students.

Most of the children I try to keep track of, but not everyone can be changed. You have to keep an eye on them along the way, it's a very hard job.

So sometimes I wonder if our children had been in my school for elementary school and junior high school.

Until the age of fourteen or fifteen, you've been with them, you've been teaching them, giving them a clear purpose in life, and then sending them to high school. It's a pity that we don't even have a sixth grade now.

Reflection: Teachers, Elementary School, Family - Healthy Conditions for Basic Education

Our parents want the school to resume the sixth grade, because these children are so young, if the sixth grade goes to live in the school (the third grade of the town center primary school can live in the school), not the left-behind children will be made left-behind children. The key to education is still in the family, and companionship is still very important. Their parents are not at home, and neither are their grandparents.

The boarding school in the town has no teacher to guide after school in the afternoon, but it will be centrally managed, supervised by teachers, and there will be no accidents or trouble. What is the value and significance of this stay? Is it just a meal? Rural families now don't talk about eating well, and it's no problem to eat well.

I think the most fundamental issue in education is to revitalize the countryside, and the most difficult part of education is still in the countryside.

The quality of education in rural areas is also a big drag on education, and most of the children in rural areas are left-behind children, who have not received good family education and school education, and are not on the road to study. I don't ask students in remote areas to go to any prestigious school, but at least they have to enter a university to open their eyes and mind. It's good to be a left-behind child, but having a bunch of children is a left-behind child, which is equivalent to an endless cycle. What's the problem? Or is there no good basic education to build on?

This is the pain of most principals, whether it is in county schools, or in rural towns, there is a serious shortage of teachers, to change the status quo of education, teachers must be abundant, at least can have a basic guarantee.

"21st Century Education Insights" is a new publication launched in response to the changing times. Its positioning is to observe the reform and development of China's education from an independent and professional perspective, advocate educational values that adapt to the development of the times, and promote the progress of China's education. This journal will inherit the editorial style of the Blue Book of Chinese Education - China Education Development Report, focus on the hot spots and difficulties of education, provide a platform for education researchers to speak out publicly, and provide a non-governmental education think tank plan to solve the "old and difficult" problems of China's education.

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#8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);;--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root,body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body{--appmsgExtra-BG: #F7F7F7}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body: not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: 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