"Doll Red Army" Li Yaoyu's oral history: what he saw and heard in the work of Jicha Reliao

Donate winter clothes on the way to collect food

Liu Zhanguo and I led the grain collection convoy of the Jichareliao Central Subbureau to the mountains and mountains of Rehe and Chahar provinces to raise grain for the sub-bureau.

During the war years, the public grain collected by the local democratic government could only be scattered and hidden in the "fortress households" in the villages, and the grain collection teams carried the local government's public grain dispatch bills, and often visited seven or eight villages without receiving a single grain of grain.

After a heavy snowfall, the grain convoy came to a small mountain village in the boundary of Linxi, and after door-to-door inquiries, it finally found the public grain custodian.

Liu Zhanguo and I pushed open the broken door of the earthen cave on the cliff, the earthen stove under our feet was burning with firewood, and wild vegetables were boiling in the iron pot. On the kang sat seven or eight women with their lower bodies covered with hay and their upper bodies naked, including old ladies with white hair and young girls. Liu Zhanguo, who spoke Henan dialect, exclaimed: "My mother! Where are these living people, little Japan has turned us Chinese into livestock." "

We turned around and stopped the warriors who were about to enter the cave.

This family is a man in his forties, with a broken sack around his waist, his upper body is naked, and he is skinny. Without saying a word, he pulled out four sacks of corn from the wall and placed them in front of us.

Liu Zhanguo said to the soldiers with red eyes: "This fellow villager would rather eat wild vegetables than touch a single grain ration, and the eldest girl and old woman in his family have no clothes to wear, can we watch and ignore them? The soldiers took off their singles and jackets one after another, and wore only bare cotton clothes and trousers.

The old man looked at the clothes piled up in front of him, and didn't know what was going on. He understood that these clothes were given to him, and suddenly he threw himself into the snow and kowtowed like a chicken pecking rice: "Oh God!

Liu Zhanguo and I dragged him up and asked him, "Does the local government know about your situation?"

The old man said: "The government has said that now that there is a war, it can't control our food and clothing for a while. "

Liu Zhanguo said: "You guys take these clothes in, see if there is enough for one person, if not, we will go back and find a way." "

The old man's face was full of tears: "Kowtow to the grandfathers, thank you grandfathers! "

The story of the blanket

In the winter of 1946, Lin Dong (now Inner Mongolia Bahrain Left Banner). It was a windy and snowy day, and I was coming out of the central branch office to go back to the dormitory. A ten-wheeled convertible truck "creaked" to a halt. A woman in the truck beckoned me to do her a favor. She leaned over and handed me a package. The woman climbed out of the truck stiffly, and I reached out to help her. She was wearing a thin cotton jacket, and her hair was scattered on her cheeks, and when she saw me holding the quilt bag between her arms, she exclaimed, "You comrade, don't look at what's in the bag!" She hurriedly opened the package, and it turned out to be a child! He was so cold that he couldn't cry, and his bruised little mouth was grinning without crying. The lesbian held the child tightly to her chest and looked at me carefully. It turned out that when we retreated from Zhangjiakou, we met on the march, and her surname was "Ran", because the surname Ran was rare, I remembered it.

I complained to her: "You can't hit it! Such a long way, such a cold day, the child will freeze to death on the road!"

With tears in her eyes, she looked at the baby in her arms and said, "I don't have anything to keep warm! "

I said, "Wait! I'll bring something." "

I'm going to get a blanket to save the children! This blanket is a souvenir! In 1943, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of Yan'an selected a model for land reclamation, and Xu Teli personally awarded me a prize!

Comrade Ran was standing in the snow half a foot deep with the baby in his arms, looking this way. I slapped the snowflakes off her body and wrapped the child tightly in a blanket. She said, "You saved this child's life! When he grows up, I will tell him to remember your saving grace!"

The Central Branch Bureau was transferred from Linxi to Lindong, and Secretary-General Ma Hong came to the dormitory to offer condolences, asking if the kang was hot, whether I could eat enough, and asked me where I slept on the ondol.

Mahon asked, "Where's that blanket of yours?"

"I met a lesbian in Linxi who was going to Qiqihar and brought a little baby to death, so I gave her a blanket. "

"Well, on such a cold day, you can't do without a blanket......" he muttered for a moment, and said nothing more.

I knew that there were blankets in the warehouse of the General Affairs Office of the substation, and my mind was moving. That day, Ma Hong and Zhao Yimin accompanied the guests to eat and added more dishes. I asked Ma Hong: "Secretary Ma, is the dish fried today delicious?"

"These dishes, my technical guide. "

Ma Hong didn't know me either: "Oh, you still have this set of skills, okay, you will command the dinner in the future." "

"Sell me a blanket I bought from Qiqihar, okay?"

"How much money do you have? Forget it, you go to the caretaker and say what I said, and I'll give you a blanket. "

The administrator reluctantly said: "The secretary said that he would give you one, who would dare to say that he would not give it to you?" "That's still a choice, I'll go straight to the cardboard box, pick it up and leave. Of the twelve blankets I bought from the Tyulin Company, one was a Russian blanket of the highest quality, and I had long been careful about where it was stored.

I thought a little bit about it, I didn't spend a penny, I got a blanket, I was so happy!

This Russian blanket has been preserved to this day as a memorial of the war years.

Met a Japanese repatriated woman

On August 15, 1945, the day of Japan's surrender, there were more than 1.3 million Japanese civilians and more than 600,000 Japanese Kwantung Army in Northeast China (Manchuria). As part of Japan's strategy of aggression against China, the "Manchu-Mongolian Pioneer Regiments" spread across the countryside of Northeast China were semi-militarized immigrant villages that not only diluted the demographic structure of Northeast China, but also provided troops and logistical supplies to the Kwantung Army.

After the Soviet Red Army entered the northeast, the overseas Japanese of the "Manchurian-Mongolian Pioneer Regiment" fell into the predicament of being attacked from all sides. Some Japanese expatriates were shot and killed by pursuing Soviet soldiers, and some Japanese women were raped. Hunger and plague tormented almost all the Japanese who fled. The former "royal paradise" of Manchuria has become a hell for Japanese expatriates.

The Chinese Nationalist Government decided to repatriate Japanese soldiers and civilians in China. It was natural to meet repatriated Japanese in Tohoku.

In November 1947, Ma Hong, secretary general of the sub-bureau, sent me to Lindong County to collect the rice and wheat allocated by the Northeast Bureau. The land in Lindong is fertile and rich in dry japonica and wheat. I have been approached by letter, and it is almost dusk. Back at the Big Car Shop on Cross Street, there were three trucks parked in the yard, and a group of men and women Japanese, dressed in black and gray cotton clothes of the Eighth Route Army, were running around. These Japanese may have been members of the "Manchurian and Mongolian Pioneer Regiment".

The north room where I was staying was also crowded with three Japanese girls and a few Japanese men in their forties, who bowed to me and said kind words that caused trouble. The Japanese man has a blue head and a bald head, and the girl cuts the short hair like a female soldier of the Eighth Route Army. My luggage was moved to the kang head, and a thick layer of millet grass was spread on the kang. The cart shop did not provide them with bedding, they had to sleep on hay.

The proprietress of the car shop brought dinner, I ate bud rice, and the Japanese drank sorghum rice porridge and ate heterozygous noodles. They carefully pulled the half-dried salted fish out of the paper bag, roasted it over and over on the stove, and then smashed it on the stove to slap off the grains of salt. The three girls drank sorghum rice porridge around an aluminum lunch box of the US military, and nibbled on salted fish with relish.

The next day, when I opened my eyes, three girls washed shirtless, their thin eyebrows and round faces, their skin fair, and there was a nurse who looked like Xiao Han, and I looked at her more.

The Japanese girl obviously knew more about the Communist Party, and generously asked me if I could buy some rice, and the old people wanted to eat rice balls. In the compound of the Lindong County Government, which was full of rice and wheat, I asked for a small bag of rice, and as soon as I entered the guest room of the big car shop, the Japanese were having dinner, and they bowed together: "Comrade, you are back!" A girl brought bud rice, another girl brought washing water, and a girl stood on the earthen kang, took off the lamp in the hole above the partition wall, and turned the lamp grass into length, and the room became much brighter. When the girls saw the bag of rice, they were all smiling and gave me a pile of crumpled full coins. I said, "It's still a long way to Dalian, so you can keep the money." "

The girls thanked each other a thousand times, and one girl broke off half of the salted fish: "Comrade, give you a piece to taste, I still have it." I dodged and excused myself, she couldn't help but say, I forced the dried fish into the rice bowl, the fish was fragrant and salty, and it was very delicious. I became interested and asked how to make dried salted fish. She said that the fresh silver carp should be disemboweled with a knife, the internal organs should be cleaned, smeared with salt powder, and dried in the shade. In the 50s in Hengyang, Hunan Province, I often saw farmers concocting silver carp in ponds in the same way. Farmers say that the state provides feed for fish fry and raises silver carp for export to Japan.

The Japanese girl asked me, "Where are you from?"

"Sichuan. "

They exclaimed: "Sichuan is so far away, why do you go to the ice and snow of Manchuria to suffer?"

I asked them, "How can you speak Chinese so well?"

"We learned to speak Chinese in elementary and middle schools in Japan, and when we went to Manchuria, we learned again, and there were almost no Chinese words that we couldn't speak or understand. "

I asked, "What are you people doing in China?"

"We have instructors, doctors, car drivers, train drivers, machine repairers. "

They asked me again, "How many years have you been participating in the Eight Roads?"

"It's been ten years. "

They exclaimed again: "Ah, it's the old eight." Do you have any company?"

"Accompaniment?" I don't understand.

"You don't understand! "

"Oh, that's called companionship!"

"We don't like you to say lovers, daughters-in-law, wives, and wives, we Japanese people who are married have company. "

"I didn't have company. "

"You're not too young, why don't you find one?"

"I can't find it, now that there is a war, I am dead, and there is another widow in the world!"

They sighed again: "Alas, the abominable war!"

The Japanese men leaned against the corner of the wall at the bottom of the kang, dumb and silent.

The owner of the cart shop pushed the door in, disgusted with boiling lamp oil, and urged him to sleep. I unfolded the futon, and the girl lay down on the straw beside me.

On the night of the third day, a Japanese man finally spoke: "Comrade, choose a girl to be your daughter-in-law." They are all good girls, young, beautiful, and literate. The expectant gaze of the three Japanese girls was poignant. I waved my hand again and again.

The three girls sat around me again, and you and she spoke to me one by one.

This one said: "The Chinese are kind, and if Japan is defeated, they will not kill us, but will give us fish to eat and treat prisoners preferentially." "

The one said: "Chinese men are considerate, and the men of the Eighth Route Army are even better people." "

A girl said, "My mother in Japan cooks a cooked meal, but my father doesn't come home and doesn't dare to eat first!"

I sat cross-legged on the kang and sent my ears to their chatter.

"We in Japan have lost badly this time, and I don't know what kind of suffering and crime we will have to suffer when we return home!" "I heard in Japan that the girl was insulted by American soldiers, and the man had no job to ......" "I really want to stay in China." "

"Chinese and the Japanese are the same ancestor, and now the mainland doesn't want us......"

I stopped: "Don't believe your government's reactionary propaganda, the Chinese and Japanese families are mixed up in a nondescript manner. When you go home, you have to be a good citizen, and you can't go to other people's territory anymore. Then, if you have a child in the future, you must educate him, and when you grow up, don't bully China again. If China is invaded again, Japan will be completely destroyed. "I often listen to the chiefs talk about how to deal with Japanese prisoners of war and immigrants, and I have summarized this as I understand it.

"Yes, comrade, I remember your words. "

"We really want to be the company of Chinese. "

"Let me keep you company!"

"And me, sir. "

I said, "Go to sleep, you're going to be on your way tomorrow." The Japanese girl's slender eyes welled up with tears. They whispered a few words of Japanese, sighed, and lay down on the hay.

In the second half of the night, the Japanese driver was in the yard shaking the crank to start the truck. As dawn approached, the truck finally cleared up suddenly. The Japanese girl lying next to her quietly got up. I was kissed on the cheek and someone gently touched my lips with a hand. "Good luck with you, sir. "

The Japanese woman left, and I began to organize cars and wagons to carry grain. As the convoy passed through an icy river, a wagon laden with grain refused to obey my command and refused to cross the river on another stretch of the river, and as a result, it broke through the ice and fell into the riverbank. I was left alone by the river, wearing a three-piece fur sweater to withstand the cold night of more than 30 degrees below zero, and the grenades under my feet helped me guard the grain truck, fortunately no bandits came to hear the wind. I know how powerful the bandits in the Northeast are, they surrounded a group of high-ranking Communist Party cadres and guards, more than 20 people, and killed all of them, creating the "firewood fence incident".

Participation in the agrarian reform movement

In the winter of 1947, the head of the sub-bureau assigned me to study at the Naelin Party School. Before leaving, I handed over the gold in my custody to Wang Zheng, the head of the organization section of the sub-bureau. These golds were handed over one after another by the subordinate units of the sub-bureau, dozens of gold rings, and more than a dozen gold bars and gold bricks, which were previously kept by the chief of the General Affairs Section. Chief Rocco secretly fell in love with a woman outside, and gave her a gold ring as a love gift. At that time, the woman wearing a ring was very eye-catching, and the matter was bound to be revealed. Section Chief Luo was dismissed from his post and expelled from the party. Ma Hong, the secretary general of the sub-bureau, took back the bag of gold and handed it over to me for safekeeping. The students of the party school came from all over the world, some came from Jinchaji to "move stones", there were also a number of literary and artistic soldiers, and there were also young students from several schools.

Zhang Yinsan, the section chief of the Civil Affairs Section of Huairou County, is a "stone" that has been moved. He went to his aunt's village to mobilize for "land reform", and met his cousin outside the venue, and the two of them said a few words. That night, Zhang Yinsan's aunt secretly got into a cart and fled into Beiping with floating money. Zhang Yinsan's suspicion of informing landlords became a stumbling block to the land reform movement.

Zhang Yinsan told me that there was a village in Xiahuayuan, where the brothers were landlords who ran a water mill, grinding pine and cypress branches, and making Buddha incense and made a fortune. The landlord brothers teamed up to engage in "broken shoes" in the village, although there were no lives, they could attract resentment. The grandfather of another landlord once occupied the land of the adjacent plot and had a grudge with the family of the director of the Poverty Association. The director of the Poverty Association strongly advocated the killing of the three landlords, but was opposed by the land reform working group. The district government summoned Zhang Yinsan, Chen Wenguang and others to the district to criticize them. At the same time, the village poor association killed the three landlords.

In Lindong, I also saw the peasants' revenge on the landlords. The peasants tied ropes around the landlord's feet and necks, and dragged them down by livestock in the fields where the sorghum had been harvested. The dense sorghum stubble in the field is a huge nail board. The mournful cries of the landlord were terrifying.

I stopped the fellow who was holding the bridle: "Why are you punishing him like this?"

The fellow said: "He is a landlord, damn it." "

I said, "Fellow, I half agree with him and half disagree with him like this." Chairman Mao once said that a person who has committed a capital crime cannot be given a punishment that has nothing to do with death, and he cannot be tortured inhumanely. Shoot him if he deserves to be shot, let him die a happy death, think about it, is it right to torture him like this?"

The villager said: "We also look at the above approach, and several surrounding villages have done this, and we can't lag behind!"

In June 1948, I joined the "Land Reform and Correction Work Group" and was ordered to go to Yutian County in eastern Hebei. At the request of the Hebei East District Committee of the Communist Party of China, our working group came to Yutian to carry out "land reform and correction".

The peasants in these villages in Yutian have repeatedly and jointly reported the problem of land reform to the Jidong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, saying that the land that should not be divided has been divided, and the people who should not have struggled have also been fighting. After a creative understanding of the "one dozen and one pull" policy in the land reform, the "landlords" were first beaten with sticks, which was called "beating," and then put them in the fields and dragged by livestock. Rural democratic regimes are almost paralyzed.

The landlord and aunt are members of the anti-Japanese army, and their two sons and two daughters have joined the Eighth Route Army and have not been heard from for many years. The two elderly men reluctantly let me live in his house. Drink old sweet potato porridge for dinner, gnaw pickle gnocchi, sweet potatoes have "tendons", and the "plaster" on the skin of sweet potatoes is not peeled off. I drank three bowls of porridge with my head down.

The next day, the landlord led me to a field of crops with a straight face. He squatted down to the ditch and worked. When I saw it, it was for sorghum thin seedlings, and I had done similar farm work in my hometown in Sichuan when I was five or six years old, thin poppy seedlings. The sorghum seedlings on the ridge were arranged in order, and the old man's face was much softer, and he glanced at me with satisfaction, but still without saying a word, he turned back to the village. For dinner, drink sorghum rice porridge and eat salted radish and white potato. I handed over the grain stamps in the liberated areas to the eldest lady and said, "I'll give you three months' food stamps first." The eldest lady didn't say a word, put the food stamps into the cuffs, and with the food stamps, she could reduce the public grain.

In the evening, my comrades and I lay on our backs on the grass on the embankment of the riverbank, and the fish in the river swam at our feet. The companion also sighed: "Hey! Chairman Mao said that China's problem is the problem of the peasants, and this is really true!"

I don't think so, I don't think so. More than ten days later, the landlord and his wife had a smile on their faces and took the initiative to ask me, where are the people, how old are they this year, and the daughter-in-law has not ...... My aunt began to give me scrambled eggs, baked dough cakes, steamed dry japonica rice, stewed pork and kelp vermicelli. After the land reform, the peasants really had enough food and clothing. Their youngest daughter wrote a letter from Bohai District, saying that she was working as a nurse in the hospital of the Eighth Route Army, and asked if her brother and sister had any news. I read the letter to the second elder, and the two old men were smiling. During the autumn harvest season, the land reform work group won the full trust of the peasants, and on the basis of in-depth investigation, reformulated the amendment to the land reform, which was read at the mass meeting on who should be demarcated as landlords and who belonged to the poor peasants.

After the Battle of Tianjin, more than 20 young people from Yutian County came to the Tianjin Military Management Committee to find me and asked for them to work in Tianjin. I went to consult Director Huang Kecheng. Huang Kecheng said that he advised them to return to their hometowns and go back to join the People's Liberation Army. There are now many unemployed homeless people in Tianjin, and there are difficulties in food supply and housing. I used good words to persuade the villagers to return to Yutian.

In December 1948, the Kuomintang defenders in Tangshan abandoned the city and fled to Tanggu, and the Central Branch of Jicha Reliao urgently notified the Land Reform and Correction Working Group to leave Yutian immediately and go directly to take over Tangshan. The landlady held my hand tightly, and tears glistened in her sunken eyes....

[Li Yaoyu, a native of Bazhong County, Sichuan Province. In 1933, he joined the Red Army and served as an inspector of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Political Security Bureau; in 1935, he followed the Long March of the Red Fourth Front Army; in 1936, he arrived in northern Shaanxi and successively served as an orderly of Huang Zuyan, Liu Xiwu, Zhang Su, Wang De and others; in 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China; in 1941, he went to Chen Yun, Li Fuchun, Cai Chang worked beside him; in 1942, he served as the administrative administrator of the Central Propaganda Department; in 1943, he went to Zaoyuan to work; in 1944, he served as the administrator of the Yan'an US Army Observation Group; after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he worked in the Jichareliao Central Branch; in 1949, he was responsible for the reception work in the Service Section of the Tianjin Military Management Commission; in August of the same year, he followed Huang Kecheng to Hunan and served as the chief of the administrative section of the Provincial Party Committee; in 1950, he served as the representative of the Hengyang Railway Bureau's material procurement group in Shanghai; in 1958, he served as the deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Hengyang Railway Locomotive Depot; in 1963, he served as the chief of the storage and transportation section of the Tianjin Material Office of the Ministry of Railways; in 1981, he was elected as a director of the China Railway Veterans Association; and retired in 1982。 】