The real estate rental market in the Song Dynasty was very hot, but because of this, there were often lease disputes
The development of private ownership in the Song Dynasty, the influx of a large number of houses into the market, the prosperity of the commodity economy, and the acceleration of the urbanization process drove a large number of laborers and business travelers to and fro. Coupled with the frequent transfer of officials and the prosperity of the imperial examination system, the floating population has increased dramatically, bringing a large demand for housing and promoting the prosperity of the housing rental industry.
Driven by profits, in addition to ordinary people, bureaucrats and aristocrats and big businessmen also bought houses or built houses for rent. What's more, the Song government set up shop houses (building shop affairs), which were responsible for the valuation and rental of government houses and mansions. In the Song Dynasty, housing rental became a huge and emerging market.
In the Song Dynasty, private housing rental flourished, but there was no unified management agency. The official housing management agency is only responsible for the management and operation of government-owned houses, and has strict rules and regulations, and violators are punished.
If you rent a government house, you are not allowed to sublease it. It is not allowed to sublease the official land to build a house, and if you want to sublet or sell it, you can only sell it to the government. It shows that once someone violates official real estate, they will be convicted and punished. There is a unified management system for the lease of government housing, which is less likely to cause disputes.
However, in addition to the government-run housing leasing industry, private housing leasing is more extensive, and most of them are private agreements between the two parties, and the situation is different, and there is no standardized management, which is very likely to cause disputes.
The purpose of the lessor renting out the house is to obtain rent, and naturally the more generous the better, and for the tenant, the rent is of course cheaper. Around the issue of rent, some housing lease disputes arise. Emperor Song paid attention to the suffering of the people, Song Zhenzong Jingde period, "there is a Si Yan, the people of Beijing are in the official house, the residents profit more and lose less, begging to increase the loss, and allow to take the rent."
If a man is replaced, he will multiply himself. The first emperor often stopped it, and he reaffirmed it. Officials suggested an increase in the rent of government housing, which was rejected by Song Zhenzong, who also mentioned that Song Taizong also often forbade rent increases.
In the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1010), Song Zhenzong issued two edicts in succession not to allow shops to increase rents at will. In the first year of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1107), he demanded that private houses should not be rented in the name of renovation.
Regardless of whether it is an official or private house, it is not allowed to increase the rent without reason, and the offender is "guilty of the official" and "judged as a violator". The materials show that the lessor doubled the rent, and the tenant's life is unsustainable, or it causes disputes, so that the government knows. However, the edict states that if the lessor excessively increases the cost of the house during the lease period, the lessee will be sued.
The landlord cannot increase the price of the house at will, and the tenant is also obliged to pay the house price on time. Tenants who don't pay on time, or who deliberately default on their payments, can lead to disputes. In the second year of Yuan Fu (1099), the household department said: "If you want to rent a house, you will occupy it, and you will not give it according to the regulations, and you will not lose the rent...... A hundred rods each. Fifty times of reward is promised. ”
The Song government severely punished tenants for not paying for their houses. The "Qingming Collection" contains the case of "Refusing to Return the Rent and Quitting the House": Chen Chengzhi had eight or nine ancestral houses, which were forcibly rented by Huang Qingdao, and he did not repay the rental money, but also refused to return the house.
was told by Chen Chengzhi and judged by the government, "extorting the rental money". The tenant is also obliged to maintain the rented premises.
The Song government stipulated: "If the house is a mat, and the household wants to prepare materials for repair, it must be agreed that the official will not dismantle it when the lease is returned, that is, the commissioner and supervisor will be in charge, and if the official does not lose money, he will also listen." "If the tenant of the official house brings his own repairs, the shop has no money to spend, and the migrants do not listen to the demolition. ”
If the tenant of the official house is allowed to add and repair the house by himself, and the addition and repair has nothing to do with the structure of the original house, he can dismantle it when he resettles; if the structure of the original house will be damaged, he must agree not to dismantle it when he returns the rent.
The same should be true for private houses. If the rented house is demolished without authorization and the property is damaged, it will attract a lawsuit and be severely punished. For example, in the case of "The Tenant's Analysis of the House (Flower Judgment)", the tenant Li Guang "moved his own belongings" without informing the landlord Bao Huanzhi, but caused the house to "hit the east wall to the west wall", "destroyed the house, and caused Sida to have no side", and the owner of the house was "insulted" when he defended his legitimate rights and interests, and finally sentenced the severe punishment of "Li Guangkan with 100 rods".
Text: Cute eyes explore the world
Editor|Cute eyes explore the world
