Problems with U.S. advisers in the marginalization of the North Korea policy and the establishment of the "neutrality" policy.
The proposal and final settlement of the issue of US advisers is a typical manifestation of the negative US policy toward North Korea. Although the U.S. government has a negative attitude towards this issue, U.S. Minister to North Korea and Acting Minister Folk have shown relative positivity, which shows that there are political differences between the US government and diplomats stationed in North Korea on DPRK policy.
On November 16, 1883, Fukuchi was invited to Gojong's residence, which had never received foreigners. Gojong thanked the U.S. president for his warm reception of the North Korean special delegation, while saying that he "fully understands the selfless policy of the United States and hopes to rely on the assistance and advice of the U.S. government."
It is hoped that two American advisers will be hired — a diplomatic adviser who knows Chinese and a military adviser. In this regard, Blessed Land believes that "foreigners have an important influence on the countries of the East, especially in expanding the influence of the Western countries they represent," so he "urged" the US government to meet Emperor Gaozong's wish and immediately send appropriate candidates to serve as advisers to North Korea.
This was the first time that Emperor Gaozong raised the issue of asking the United States to send advisers to him. Emperor Gaozong raised this issue mainly because of the Qing government's intensified interference in Korea.
Especially after the Nonwu Mutiny, the Qing government signed the "Regulations on Sino-Korean Businessmen, Land, Water and Commerce" with North Korea, and appointed Chen Shutang as the general office of commercial officials stationed in North Korea to further strengthen its control over the Korean economy.
After Chen Shutang took office, he repeatedly declared Korea a vassal state of the Qing government in public, which made Emperor Gaozong extremely dissatisfied, fearing that the interference of the Qing government would affect his independence.
Therefore, Gojong hoped that the United States, which supported Korean independence, would send advisers to him to help North Korea carry out reforms aimed at strengthening the country.
In fact, during its talks with U.S. Secretary of State Furilyn Hussen in Washington, the special mission to the United States expressed the hope that the United States would provide diplomatic advisers, military advisers, teachers, and agricultural experts.
For his part, Furilin Hussen expressed "willingness to provide competent military and civilian advisers to the restructuring of the North Korean government and military." At the same time, Scheffer said that "if the North Korean government agrees, I am willing to visit North Korea in an advisory capacity." ”
While waiting for U.S. diplomatic and military advisers, Emperor Gaozong took a series of positive measures. After dismissing the Qing government's military advisers, Emperor Gaozong gathered 14 young officers returning from the Tokyo Military Academy in order to assist the U.S. military advisers.
At the same time, Emperor Gaozong purchased 4,000 breech-loading rifles from the United States and never distributed them in order to wait for American military advisers to decide where to go, but there was no response from the United States until a year later.
Fukuchi was "embarrassed and confused" by this, noting that "the U.S. government should play a role in North Korea's reform and should be a permanent factor in North Korea's progress." ...... In the face of the fact that other countries are seeking these advisory posts through their representatives in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, it is urgent that the United States Government will take immediate action. ”
On hiring American teachers and agronomic experts, Emperor Gaozong expressed a desire to establish an English-language school that would hire three young male American teachers at a salary of $125 a month and $600 for each teacher's travel expenses.
At the same time, Gojong expressed his desire to hire an American agronomist who could help North Korea establish and manage national farms, and put forward specific requirements, such as practical ability, knowledge of sowing and raising cattle and sheep, and making butter and cheese.
Meanwhile, Emperor Gaozong said his remuneration would be $150 per month and $600 for his travel. In this regard, Fukudi reminded the US government that these were all promised by the United States during the visit of the DPRK special delegation to the United States.
As for Scheffer's military adviser to Korea, Fudi pointed out in a telegram to the government on September 3, 1884, that he had previously indicated to Emperor Gaozong that he wanted to report to the U.S. government, but in view of the government's long-term lack of response and Emperor Gaozong's eagerness, Fukudi finally sent a telegram invitation to Scheffer.
After that, Fudi received a letter from Scheffer talking about the cost of going to North Korea. In response, Emperor Gojong said that North Korea would bear the full cost and asked Blessed Land to send another telegram inviting Scheffer.
Faced with Emperor Gaozong's eagerness, Fudi sent another letter to the US government on September 17, in which he said that "Emperor Gaozong is very worried about the issue of military advisers, and has been patiently waiting for nearly one year under pressure from all sides, and sincerely hopes that the US government will not delay any longer." ”
Fukuchi further noted that China and Japan are also in favor of having Americans serve as North Korean military advisers. But Scheffel, through the U.S. consul general in Yokohama, Japan, eventually stated that he could not serve as an adviser to North Korea.
On the question of the failure of the United States to send military advisers in a timely manner, Emperor Gaozong expressed embarrassment that the United States had failed to keep its promises and said that he might hire British or German advisers.
In response, Fukuchi believes that the United States "will lose its influence in the North Korean government, even though it has been striving for it." And this kind of self-ceded advantage by the United States will not be able to obtain after years of hard work. ”
Finally, on November 6, 1884, the U.S. government replied to the question of military advisers. Furryling Hussen noted that the issue had been referred to the U.S. Secretary of State for War Affairs and would respond quickly.
As to why there was a one-year delay in not replying to the question, Frielin Hussen explained that the government had misplaced the letter of October 19, 1883, and thus failed to see it in time.
This also reflects the negative attitude of the United States towards the North Korean issue. On January 30, 1885, U.S. President Arthur finally submitted a bill to Congress concerning the stationing of military advisers to Korea.
