【Morning Reading Copy】
Because I wrote about couplets, someone asked me when did "Spring League" start?
In fact, the spring couplet is a kind of couplet, and the battle in the poem is the couplet. Chunlian originated about five generations after the Shu Dynasty. It is said to be related to the Shu lord Meng Chang. Transmission of "Ancient and Modern Poetry": "Later Shu every year except the day (Chinese New Year's Eve), the palace gates each gave a peach symbol, the book 'Yuan Henry Zhen' four words, then the peach symbol of the time, only recorded the classic auspicious language, gu did not pick the text also." Only those who are full of algae, every suffering embraces. Chang Zi Shan ShuZha, because of the take of the Palace Book OfFu Shuyun 'Heavenly Fall Yu Qing, The Earth Connects Changchun' a couplet, literature sprouted in Zizi. ”
There is also a saying that Meng Chang first created, "Song Shi Shu Shijia": "Meng Chang is divided every year, and the life of the bachelor is the word." Place the bedroom door to the left and right. In the last year, Xin Yinxun wrote a poem, Chang with his non-work, self-styled pen cloud: "New Year Na Yu Celebration, Festive Festival Number Changchun". ”
Therefore, some people think that this is a sign of the emergence of the Spring League. All kinds of books about the Spring League are about the same. From Meng Chang's Spring League, I suddenly thought of the "Ring Stone Inscription" he wrote, which seems to be more interesting than this Spring League, may wish to talk about it.
1
"Ring Stone Inscription" before the office
In the old days, there was often a carved stone in front of the halls of some counties, called "Ring Stone Inscription". Sixteen large characters are engraved on it:
Erzhu Erlu, the people's fat people's anointing.
The people are easy to abuse, and the heavens are difficult to deceive.
The meaning is clear and does not need to be explained. It's like a large horizontal carved stone that we often see in front of some of our organs, on which is engraved the leader's handwriting - "serving the people", the same principle. In fashionable words, let those who are officials "not forget their original intentions."
How did this carved stone come about? Song Ren Hong Mai said:
"Erzhu Erlu, the people anoint the people' fat." The people are easy to abuse, and the heavens are difficult to deceive. "Emperor Taizong wrote this in order to give the county state and stand in the south of the hall, called the "Jie Shi Ming". —— "Rong Zhai Essay. Continuation" Volume I
It turned out that Song Taizong began to write. This "Jie Shi Ming" is very famous in the old era, known as "Guan Zhen", such as the Ming Dynasty Li Xue's "Jie'an Old Man Man's Comic Pen" and the Qing Dynasty Zhao Yi both talked about the ins and outs of the "Jie Shi Ming", for example, Zhao Yi said:
There is a pavilion to the south of the county office. The book "Erfeng Erlu, the people anoint the people's fat." The people are easy to abuse, and the heavens are difficult to deceive" Sixteen characters, called "jie shi ming". "Liu Qingshizha" is said to be written by Huang Tingjian. The Compendium of Continuations also states: "In the second year of Song Shaoxing, the "Jie Shi Ming" written by Huang Tingjian was awarded to the prefecture and county carved stones. However, in fact, it did not originate in Shaoxing, but was awarded by emperor Taizong of Song. Emperor Taizong, on the other hand, was also versed in the text of Shu Mengchang.
- "The Examination of the Rest of the Heavens", vol. XXVII
Meng Chang was the monarch of the Five Dynasties Later Shu, the famous "Lord of The Later Shu", and all those who called the "Later Lord" were the last emperors. However, he reigned for more than thirty years, and it was still good to start governing Houshu, but when he "knew the former Shu homeland", he began to forget his "original heart", lived an obscene and extravagant life, elected beautiful women into the palace, and the people were frightened to marry women, called "surprise marriage". In the third year of Song Taizu Qiande (965), Song soldiers entered Chengdu and were captured and sent to Kaifeng, Song Zu adopted the Huairou policy, and made him the Duke of Qin, and the treatment was better than that of Li Hou, but it seemed that the life expectancy was not long.
Meng Chang has a good literary talent, works music, and is good at filling in words. When the author read Su Shi's "Song of the Cave Immortals", the first sentence was "Ice muscle jade bone, cool without sweat", and the annotation said: This sentence comes from Meng Chang's "Yulou Spring" "Ice muscle jade country is clear without sweat, and the water temple wind comes to dark incense". This Su word has been read for decades, and only the first two sentences are remembered, but the story that Dongpo told in the small preface of the word, "Shu Lord and Lady Huarui Night Na Liang Maha Chishang", has been recorded for decades. It can be seen that the story is more wonderful and easy to remember than the poem. Meng Chang's literary talent is beyond doubt, as can be seen from the words he wrote about the Spring League and filled in, so it should also be possible for him to write a ring stone inscription.
2
Meng Chang's "Jie Shi Ming" and Tang Ming Huang's "Right Seat Poem"
The inscription of Song Taizong is only sixteen characters, which is an excerpt from Meng Chang's inscription. Regarding the original text, Hong Mai said:
Press: Jing Huan, a native of Chengdu, has a book called "Gossip of wild people", written by QianDe in three years, and his first "Decree Proverbs", containing the Shu king Meng Chang as a text awarded to Zhu Yiyun: "Remember the naked son, eat the night clothes." In words, raise Hui Sui. There are three differences in politics, and the Tao is in the seven silks. Driving chickens is the reason, leaving the calves is the rule. Wide and fierce, customs can be moved. No order to invade, no to make sores. The people are easy to abuse, and the heavens are difficult to deceive. Endowment is cut, and the military state is capital. Rewards and punishments are fixed when the time comes. Erlu, the people anointed the people. For the sake of parents, there is no mercy. Mian Er is a precept, and the body is deeply thoughtful. "Where twenty-four sentences. The heart of the chang district loves the people, in the five seasons of the tyranny of the false king is also called, but the language is not worked, only the scriptures are expressed, the words are concise, and they become the words of the king, and the so-called method of taking the fetus and changing the bones of the gai poets is also.
The so-called "three differences" refers to the three visions of heaven; the interpretation of "seven silks" refers to the fact that during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the local official Mizi was good at playing the seven-stringed piano, and the people were influenced by him; I think that the "seven silks" should be the "seven latitudes" - the sun, the moon and the five stars, and the heavenly path, that is, the heavenly path. "Driving chickens" means that officials handle things like driving away chickens and ducks, and they must be patient and take advantage of the situation, and not be forced to drive; "leaving calves" means that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shouchun County Ling brought cattle to office, and later gave birth to calves, and when he left office, he left the calves behind, which means that he is not greedy. These four sentences are somewhat difficult, but the others are easy to understand. I think Hong Mai is right, the original text is indeed quite messy, and it has been said a lot, but it is necessary to be aware of the people's poverty, be diligent in government and love the people, not greedy or lazy, and be generous and fierce. Once excerpted by Emperor Taizong of Song, "the words are concise and rational", yi xiao is easy to remember. Of course, it is more complicated than "serving the people".
So much is quoted to illustrate that the original author of "Jie Shi Ming" is Meng Chang. In fact, such an official proverb was already there during the time of Emperor Tang Ming, even as early as the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. According to Zhao Yi's research, Emperor Tang Ming's "Right Poem on the Title of the History of the Thorns of the Prefectures" is similar to the "Jie Shi Ming", of which the last few sentences are as follows:
Treat people as sons, and love them as wounded. Lecture on the trial and recite the theory, and the stranger is diligent in cultivating the mulberry. False reputation can not be decorated, Qingzhi can not be forgotten. Seeking fame is easy to see, and An Zhende is self-evident. The court will be punished with affection, and the people will be noble. Compassion (qiong) and caress, the old and weak to the strong. I am afraid to give my life and know all the rest of my life.
- "The Examination of the Yu Yu Cong", vol. XXVII
The text is relatively easy to understand, and it is not bothered to explain in detail. This is probably the "initial ambition" of The Tang Ming Emperor, so after he became emperor, there was also a "Kaiyuan Rule", which was not as incompetent as some last emperors. It is a pity that "there is no beginning, and there is an end to the freshness", which finally led to the "Chaos of Anshi", which caused individuals and countries to experience a catastrophe.
3
The revelation of the Ring stone inscription
This kind of proverb is actually addressed to the small officials at the county level, except for the big officials. In feudal society, "the sins of the subjects should be cursed, and the heavenly king is holy", and the emperor can never be wrong. However, when it is generally called "prosperous", the supervision and inspection of officials is relatively strict, from the Han and Tang dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Only at the end of a dynasty, when the program of the dynasty is not correct, when the Manchu traitors are in power, and the officials are corrupt and uncontrollable, will all kinds of strange situations appear.
In addition, after the Tang and Song dynasties, the imperial examination was implemented, and the officials read the Four Books and Five Classics, and most of them also believed that "there are gods three feet above the head." Therefore, most of the officials still have integrity, such as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, bai juyi in the Tang Dynasty, and Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su, and Huang in the Song Dynasty. They don't need the Jie Shi Ming to remind them that they will naturally have feelings of "worrying about the country and the people"; as for people like Li Yifu, Li Linfu, Cai Jing, and Qin Juniper, it is useless to say it to such people, they are evil in nature, and they are particularly intelligent, and they belong to the category of people who are great traitors and great evils. Although they were also born from reading the Four Books and Five Classics and had long been influenced by Confucian morality, they never believed in Confucian benevolence and righteousness, and they were "materialists" and did not believe in retribution in the afterlife. It can be seen that empty preaching is useless, and the emperor's admonitions are only used to deceive the people, and only by relying on the system can they be useful.
The same is true for lower-ranking officials. Only those with moral conscience will remember the "official proverbs" in their hearts, and the treacherous officials will never remember them from the heart, so the "Ring stone inscription" is just a kind of decoration for them. However, Chinese is not as stupid as the rulers think, although stupid people have existed throughout the ages. Believe it or not:
The "Comments on the IdleNess of the Dragon" records: Someone added a cloud to each sentence in the "Jie Shi Ming": Erzhu Erlu, but insufficient; the people anointed the people's fat, and turned to eat and turn fat. The people are easy to abuse, and those who come are pooped. Heaven is hard to deceive, how does he know?
The Commentary on the IdleNess of The Mu Mu is a note written by Yuan Wen at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. It can be seen that some people saw through this trick at that time.